The Theoretical Connotation and Practical Requirements of New Quality Productive Forces

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the development of new quality productive forces, delivering a series of important expositions on their rich connotation, distinctive features, development path, and target tasks. This represents an innovation and development of the Marxist theory of productive forces, and a precise grasp of the essential characteristics of productive forces nurtured by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It carries both significant theoretical importance and profound practical significance. It is necessary to combine the theoretical connotation of "what" new quality productive forces are with the practical requirements of "how" to develop them, so as to deeply understand and accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces.

习近平总书记多次强调发展新质生产力，就新质生产力的丰富内涵、显著特征、发展路径、目标任务等作出一系列重要论述。这是对马克思主义生产力理论的创新和发展，是对新一轮科技革命和产业变革孕育出来的生产力本质特征的精准把握，既具有重要的理论意义，又具有深刻的实践意义。要将新质生产力“是什么”的理论内涵和发展新质生产力“怎么干”的实践要求结合起来，深入认识和加快培育新质生产力。

New quality productive forces are an advanced state of productive forces that conform to the new development philosophy, demonstrating strong driving force and supporting capacity for high-quality development in practice. New quality productive forces take the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination as their basic connotation. Each production factor interacts, couples, and connects, forming an organic whole. It is necessary to firmly establish systematic thinking and comprehensively understand and grasp the scientific connotation of new quality productive forces.

新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态，在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力。新质生产力以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，各生产要素相互作用、耦合关联，构成一个有机整体。要牢固树立系统思维，全面认识和把握新质生产力的科学内涵。

The development foundation of new quality productive forces consists of production factors such as labor, knowledge, technology, management, capital, and data. Scientific and technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. Optimizing the allocation of factors around scientific and technological innovation is key to improving the production function and raising the level of development quality and efficiency. The bearing entity of new quality productive forces is the modernized industrial system. By transforming and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, and laying out and building future industries, it is possible to form high-quality and efficient production supply capacity. The core hallmark of new quality productive forces is a substantial increase in total factor productivity. Sustained improvement in the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains, and a sustained decline in the intensity of carbon emissions and pollutant emissions, are also important indicators for measuring the level of development of productive forces.

新质生产力的发展基础是劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本、数据等生产要素，科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素，围绕科技创新优化要素配置是改进生产函数、提高发展质效水平的关键。新质生产力的承载主体是现代化产业体系，通过改造提升传统产业、培育壮大新兴产业和布局建设未来产业，能够形成优质高效的生产供给能力。新质生产力的核心标志是全要素生产率大幅提升，产业链供应链韧性和安全水平持续提高、碳排放和污染排放强度持续下降等也是衡量生产力发展水平的重要标志。

General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important expositions on new quality productive forces have clarified the practical requirements for developing them, providing important guiding significance for promoting high-quality economic development. It is necessary to insist on grasping both scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation together, strive to break away from traditional economic growth models and paths of productive forces development, promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, deepen reforms to accelerate the construction of new production relations, and better cultivate and develop new quality productive forces.

习近平总书记关于新质生产力的一系列重要论述，明确了发展新质生产力的实践要求，对推动经济高质量发展具有重要指导意义。要坚持科技创新和产业创新一起抓，着力摆脱传统经济增长方式和生产力发展路径，推动技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置和产业深度转型升级，深化改革加快构建新型生产关系，更好培育和发展新质生产力。

Take the implementation of the new development philosophy as the guide. Developing new quality productive forces is the intrinsic requirement and important focal point for promoting high-quality development, and high-quality development is development that embodies the new development philosophy. To cultivate and form new quality productive forces, it is necessary to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, making innovation the primary driving force, coordination an endogenous characteristic, green a universal form, openness a necessary path, and sharing the fundamental goal. Currently, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is flourishing. It is necessary to insist on developing towards the "new," "upward," "green," and "excellent," promoting changes in quality, efficiency, and driving force, building a modernized industrial system with completeness, advancement, and security, and achieving more stable, more efficient, and more sustainable development.

以贯彻落实新发展理念为引领。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，而高质量发展就是体现新发展理念的发展。培育形成新质生产力，要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，使创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的。当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命和产业变革蓬勃发展，要坚持向“新”向“上”向“绿”向“优”发展，推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，建设具有完整性、先进性、安全性的现代化产业体系，实现更加稳定、更加高效、更可持续的发展。

Take scientific and technological innovation as the driving force. Scientific and technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces, capable of spawning new industries, new models, and new drivers. From the perspective of development trends, scientific and technological innovation mainly includes two types. One is a scientific and technological revolution with broad permeability, which has a profound impact on the input-output structure, cost-benefit curve, and production organization model of various industries. The other is a technological change with vertical disruptiveness, which has a direct effect and significant impact on the deep transformation and development of specific industries. To develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to actively adapt to and lead the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, focus on key areas and weak links in the construction of the modernized industrial system, increase the supply of high-quality scientific and technological output, promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.

以科技创新为动力。科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素，能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能。从发展趋势看，科技创新主要包括两类。一类是具有广泛渗透性的科技革命，对各行业的投入产出结构、成本收益曲线、生产组织模式等均带来深刻影响；另一类是具有垂直颠覆性的技术变革，对特定行业的深度转型发展产生直接作用和重大影响。发展新质生产力要主动适应引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，聚焦现代化产业体系建设的重点领域和薄弱环节，增加高质量科技供给，促进科技成果转化应用，加快实现高水平科技自立自强。

Take the leap in the optimized combination of various factors as the basic connotation. The formation of new quality productive forces depends on the innovative allocation of production factors. It is necessary to allow various advanced and high-quality production factors to flow smoothly towards the development of new quality productive forces, promoting the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination. The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation provides enormous space for optimizing the allocation and combination of production factors. It is necessary to strengthen the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, unleash the multiplier effect of new production factors such as data, raise the utilization level of production factors such as capital, land, and resources, promote the efficient adaptation, coupling, and symbiosis of various production factors, and comprehensively enhance the efficiency of factor allocation.

以各类要素优化组合跃升为基本内涵。新质生产力的形成有赖于生产要素创新性配置，要让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动，推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升。新一轮科技革命和产业变革为优化生产要素配置组合提供了巨大空间，要强化企业科技创新主体地位，推动创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链深度融合，释放数据等新型生产要素的乘数效应，提高资本、土地、资源等生产要素利用水平，促进各类生产要素高效适配、耦合共生，全方位提升要素配置效率。

Take the improvement of the modernized industrial system as the support. The formation of new quality productive forces cannot be separated from the real economy; the modernized industrial system is the carrier of new quality productive forces. Only by fully relying on the achievements of scientific and technological innovation to continuously improve the modernized industrial system can we better consolidate the material and technological foundation for building a modern socialist country in all respects. Currently, the development level of some traditional industries in our country is not high. Fundamentally, it is the insufficiency of scientific and technological innovation that restricts the high-quality development of industries. The reason some emerging industries can win international competitive advantages lies precisely in finding a new path of promoting industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to promptly apply the achievements of scientific and technological innovation to specific industries and industrial chains, coordinately promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, the cultivation and strengthening of emerging industries, and the layout and construction of future industries, accelerate the seizure of new tracks for industrial development, and expand new space for economic growth.

以完善现代化产业体系为支撑。形成新质生产力不可能脱离实体经济，现代化产业体系是新质生产力的载体。充分依托科技创新成果不断完善现代化产业体系，才能更好为全面建成社会主义现代化强国夯实物质技术基础。目前我国部分传统产业发展水平不高，从根本上说是科技创新不足制约了产业高质量发展。一些新兴产业能够赢得国际竞争优势，关键在于走出了以科技创新推动产业创新的新路子。要及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上，协同推进改造提升传统产业、培育壮大新兴产业、布局建设未来产业，加快抢占产业发展新赛道，拓展经济增长新空间。

Take the substantial increase in total factor productivity as the hallmark. Total factor productivity is the overall efficiency of converting factor inputs into outputs, reflecting the contribution of technological progress, optimization of factor allocation, institutional innovation, etc., to economic growth. Traditional economic growth models and paths of productive forces development overly rely on the input of factors such as resources and low-cost labor, facing prominent bottleneck constraints. New quality productive forces are an advanced state of productive forces where innovation plays a leading role. By promoting the application of new technologies to substantially increase total factor productivity, they bring broader space for benefit growth. Alongside the substantial increase in total factor productivity, developing new quality productive forces also helps to enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains, ensuring that the industrial system is self-controllable, safe, and reliable; it helps to continuously reduce the intensity of carbon emissions and pollutant emissions, building a green, low-carbon, circular economic system.

以全要素生产率大幅提升为标志。全要素生产率是要素投入转化为产出的总体效率，体现了技术进步、要素配置优化、制度创新等对经济增长的贡献。传统经济增长方式和生产力发展路径，过度依赖资源和低成本劳动力等要素的投入，存在突出的瓶颈制约。新质生产力是创新起主导作用的先进生产力质态，通过推广应用新技术大幅提高全要素生产率，带来更加广阔的效益增长空间。在全要素生产率大幅提升的同时，发展新质生产力也有助于提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，保证产业体系自主可控、安全可靠；有助于持续降低碳排放、污染排放强度，构建绿色低碳循环经济体系。

Take further comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up as the guarantee. Relations of production must adapt to the requirements of the development of productive forces. To develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, forming new production relations that are compatible with them. It is necessary to improve the incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, perfect the institutional mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, deepen reforms in the science and technology system, education system, talent system, etc., unblock the blockages and sticking points that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, increase reform efforts in areas such as tackling key core technologies, cultivating innovative enterprises, market-oriented allocation of factors, building a high-standard market system, expanding high-level opening up, and improving the income distribution system, explore and innovate policy measures, and construct a favorable ecosystem conducive to the growth and expansion of new quality productive forces.

以进一步全面深化改革为保障。生产关系必须与生产力发展要求相适应。发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。要完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制，深化科技体制、教育体制、人才体制等改革，打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，在关键核心技术攻关、创新型企业培育、要素市场化配置、建设高标准市场体系、扩大高水平对外开放、完善收入分配制度等方面加大改革力度，探索创新政策举措，构建有利于新质生产力发展壮大的良好生态。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗