Steadily Advancing All the People toward Common Prosperity

Common prosperity is the common aspiration of the Chinese people and the concentrated embodiment of the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party, proposes to focus on improving the quality of life of the people, perfect the income distribution and employment systems, improve the social security system, enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promote more notable substantive progress in the well-rounded development of the individual and common prosperity for all the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important discourses on common prosperity, stressing the need to adhere to taking the realization of the people’s aspiration for a better life as the starting point and ultimate goal of modernization, to strive to uphold and promote social fairness and justice, to strive to promote common prosperity for all the people, and to resolutely prevent polarization. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on common prosperity are an important component of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, providing the action guide and fundamental basis for solidly advancing common prosperity. On the new journey, we must unswervingly follow the path of common prosperity, further deepen reform comprehensively, and promote more notable substantive progress in common prosperity for all the people.

共同富裕是中国人民的共同期盼，是中国特色社会主义制度优越性在新时代的集中体现。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出，聚焦提高人民生活品质，完善收入分配和就业制度，健全社会保障体系，增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记就共同富裕作出一系列重要论述，强调坚持把实现人民对美好生活的向往作为现代化建设的出发点和落脚点，着力维护和促进社会公平正义，着力促进全体人民共同富裕，坚决防止两极分化。习近平总书记关于共同富裕的重要论述，是习近平经济思想的重要内容，为扎实推动共同富裕提供了行动指南和根本遵循。新征程上，必须坚定不移走共同富裕道路，进一步全面深化改革，推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。

Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people

中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化

Common prosperity for all the people is the essential characteristic of Chinese-path modernization and the salient marker distinguishing Chinese-path modernization from Western modernization. We must take promoting common prosperity for all the people as the focal point for seeking happiness for the people, and solidly advance common prosperity for all the people in the process of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质特征，是中国式现代化区别于西方现代化的显著标志。必须把促进全体人民共同富裕作为为人民谋幸福的着力点，在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的进程中扎实推动全体人民共同富裕。

Achieving common prosperity for all the people is a long-term historical process. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Achieving common prosperity is a long-term task; we must make sustained and unremitting efforts, hold fast to the goal without wavering, and continuously achieve new progress.” Common prosperity has been the dream of the Chinese nation for millennia. The Book of Rites, “The Conveyance of Rites” chapter, concretely and vividly depicts the state of a “moderately prosperous” society and a “Great Harmony” society. [1]1 The “Great Harmony” (大同) and “moderately prosperous” (小康) societies are ideal states described in the Confucian classic *The Book of Rites*; the latter term was later adopted by the CPC as the goal of building a “moderately prosperous society in all respects” (全面建成小康社会), achieved in 2021. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has taken the realization of common prosperity as its unswerving goal. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the Party united and led the people to overthrow the three great mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat-capitalism, established the People’s Republic of China where the people are the masters of the country, achieved national independence and the liberation of the people, and created the fundamental political conditions for casting off poverty. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Party united and led the people in carrying out the socialist revolution, establishing the basic socialist system, advancing socialist construction, and organizing the people to rely on their own efforts, work hard, and reshape the country’s landscape, laying a solid foundation for improving the people’s livelihood. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party united and led the people in continuing to explore the correct path for building socialism in China, unswervingly advancing reform and opening up, liberating and developing the social productive forces, and enabling the people to cast off poverty and become prosperous as quickly as possible. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the New Era, the Party united and led the people in completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule and achieving the First Centenary Goal, fulfilling the solemn commitment that “not a single person should be left behind” in the moderately prosperous society, and laying a good foundation for realizing common prosperity. However, it must also be recognized that currently, the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in our country remains prominent, and the gaps in development between urban and rural areas and between regions, as well as in income distribution, remain relatively large, becoming prominent factors constraining the realization of common prosperity. Realizing common prosperity has a long-term, arduous, and complex nature; we must maintain historical patience and an exalted spirit of struggle, and continuously push for new progress in common prosperity.

实现全体人民共同富裕是一个长期的历史过程。习近平总书记指出：“实现共同富裕是一个长期任务，必须久久为功，咬定青山不放松，不断取得新进展。”共同富裕是中华民族千百年来的梦想。《礼记·礼运》具体而生动地描绘了“小康”社会和“大同”社会的状态。中国共产党自成立之日起就把实现共同富裕作为矢志不渝的奋斗目标。新民主主义革命时期，党团结带领人民推翻帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，建立了人民当家作主的中华人民共和国，实现了民族独立、人民解放，为摆脱贫困创造了根本政治条件。社会主义革命和建设时期，党团结带领人民进行社会主义革命，确立社会主义基本制度，推进社会主义建设，组织人民自力更生、发愤图强、重整山河，为改善人民生活打下了坚实基础。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，党团结带领人民继续探索中国建设社会主义的正确道路，坚定不移推进改革开放，解放和发展社会生产力，使人民摆脱贫困、尽快富裕起来。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党团结带领人民如期全面建成小康社会、实现了第一个百年奋斗目标，兑现了全面小康“一个都不能少”的庄严承诺，为实现共同富裕奠定了良好基础。然而也要看到，当前我国发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距仍然较大，成为制约实现共同富裕的突出因素。实现共同富裕具有长期性、艰巨性、复杂性，必须保持历史耐心和昂扬的奋斗精神，不断推动共同富裕取得新进展。

Common prosperity is an important goal of socialist modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Common prosperity itself is an important goal of socialist modernization. We must always take meeting the people’s new expectations for a better life as the starting point and ultimate goal of development, and continuously and gradually solve this problem in the process of realizing modernization.” Looking at the modernization development processes of countries around the world, Western modernization is centered on capital, and there exist problems such as polarization, the expansion of materialism, and external expansion and plunder. In contrast, Chinese-path modernization adheres to a people-centered approach and takes common prosperity as an important goal of modernization, embodying a transcendence of Western modernization. In the early days of the founding of New China, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “Now we are implementing such a system, such a plan, which can make us richer and stronger year by year, and we can see ourselves becoming richer and stronger year by year. And this wealth is common wealth, this strength is common strength, and everyone has a share.” After reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized that “poverty is not socialism” and pointed out that “the essence of socialism is to liberate and develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and ultimately achieve common prosperity.” As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese-path modernization; we must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy and promote common prosperity in the course of high-quality development,” providing directional guidance for solidly advancing common prosperity on the new journey. Taking common prosperity as an important goal of socialist modernization inherits and develops Marxist modernization theory, draws on the historical experiences and lessons of Western modernization, and embodies the unchanged original aspiration and founding mission of the Chinese Communists.

共同富裕是社会主义现代化建设的重要目标。习近平总书记强调：“共同富裕本身就是社会主义现代化的一个重要目标。我们要始终把满足人民对美好生活的新期待作为发展的出发点和落脚点，在实现现代化过程中不断地、逐步地解决好这个问题。”纵观世界各国现代化发展历程，西方现代化以资本为中心，存在着两极分化、物质主义膨胀、对外扩张掠夺等问题。而中国式现代化坚持以人民为中心，将共同富裕作为现代化建设的重要目标，体现了对西方现代化的超越。新中国成立初期，毛泽东同志指出：“现在我们实行这么一种制度，这么一种计划，是可以一年一年走向更富更强的，一年一年可以看到更富更强些。而这个富，是共同的富，这个强，是共同的强，大家都有份。”改革开放以后，邓小平同志强调“贫穷不是社会主义”，指出“社会主义的本质，是解放生产力，发展生产力，消灭剥削，消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕”。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，习近平总书记强调“共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的重要特征，要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，在高质量发展中促进共同富裕”，为新征程上扎实推动共同富裕提供了方向指引。将共同富裕作为社会主义现代化建设的重要目标，继承和发展了马克思主义现代化理论，汲取了西方现代化历史经验与教训，体现着中国共产党人始终不变的初心使命。

Advancing Chinese-path modernization must promote more notable substantive progress in common prosperity for all the people. Common prosperity is an important feature of the future society envisioned by Marx and Engels. Marx and Engels pointed out that “the proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority” and that in the future society “production will be for the benefit of all, with the aim of enriching everyone.” [2]2 The first quotation is from *The Communist Manifesto* (1848); the second is a paraphrase of Marx’s argument in *Capital*, Volume 3, Chapter 48, that the “true realm of freedom” presupposes a society where “the associated producers” produce “with the least expenditure of energy” for the benefit of all. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Party proposed: “From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country in building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, achieving the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.” To accomplish this central task, we must fully recognize that Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people, and we must promote more notable substantive progress in common prosperity for all the people. Only in this way can we better adapt to changes in the principal contradiction in our society, solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, and better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life; only in this way can we continuously consolidate the Party’s long-term governance foundation, ensure that Chinese-path modernization always advances in the socialist direction, and win the trust and support of the masses; only in this way can we further stimulate the enthusiasm of all the people to participate in modernization, enabling the broad masses to actively engage in modernization while truly enjoying the fruits of development, thereby gathering strong strength for advancing Chinese-path modernization. From a practical perspective, 98.99 million rural poor have been lifted out of poverty, completely solving the problem of absolute poverty that had plagued the Chinese nation for millennia, taking a solid big step on the road to common prosperity; the in-depth implementation of the regional coordinated development strategy, the rural revitalization strategy, the new urbanization strategy, and the innovation-driven development strategy has effectively enhanced the balance, coordination, inclusiveness, and sustainability of development, continuously consolidating the material foundation for common prosperity; the steady advancement of comprehensive deepening of reform since the New Era has made China’s various systems more mature and well-established, significantly raised the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and provided institutional guarantees for realizing common prosperity.

推进中国式现代化必须推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。共同富裕是马克思、恩格斯所设想的未来社会的重要特征，马克思、恩格斯指出，“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动”，在未来社会“生产将以所有的人富裕为目的”。党的二十大报告提出：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”要完成这个中心任务，必须充分认识中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，要推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。只有这样，才能更好地适应我国社会主要矛盾变化，解决发展不平衡不充分问题，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要；才能不断夯实党长期执政基础，确保中国式现代化始终沿着社会主义方向前进，赢得人民群众的信任和拥护；才能进一步激发全体人民参与现代化建设的热情，让广大人民群众在切实享受发展成果的同时积极投身现代化建设，为推进中国式现代化凝聚强大力量。从实践来看，9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，彻底解决了千百年来困扰中华民族的绝对贫困问题，在实现共同富裕的道路上迈出了坚实的一大步；区域协调发展战略、乡村振兴战略、新型城镇化战略、创新驱动发展战略等深入实施，有效提升了发展的平衡性、协调性、包容性、可持续性，不断夯实共同富裕的物质基础；新时代以来全面深化改革的稳步推进，使我国各方面制度更加成熟定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提升，为实现共同富裕提供了制度保障。

Advancing common prosperity must continue to push reform forward

推动共同富裕必须继续把改革推向前进

Reform and opening up is the crucial move that determined the fate of contemporary China. Facing the complex and volatile domestic and international situation, we must properly handle various contradictions, take the scientific worldview and methodology as our guide, continue to push reform and opening up forward, and continuously promote common prosperity for all the people.

改革开放是决定当代中国前途命运的关键一招。面对纷繁复杂的国内国际形势，必须妥善处理各种矛盾，以科学世界观和方法论为指导，继续把改革开放推向前进，不断促进全体人民共同富裕。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out: “Reform and opening up is the most distinctive feature of contemporary China and the most distinctive banner of our Party in the new historical period. Reform and opening up is the key choice that determined the fate of contemporary China and an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times in big strides.” After the founding of New China, the Party led the people in restoring the national economy and advancing socialist construction, greatly improving the people’s living standards. But overall, before reform and opening up, China’s rural production conditions remained very backward, and the living standards of peasants were still relatively low. Measured by the 2010 rural poverty standard, at the end of 1978, the rural poor population was 770 million, and the rural poverty incidence rate was as high as 97.5%. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party made the historic decision to implement reform and opening up, opening a new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and profoundly changing the future and destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Since reform and opening up, we have upheld and improved the basic socialist economic system, fully leveraged the superiority of the socialist system, stimulated the wisdom and strength of hundreds of millions of people, and provided a powerful endogenous driving force for economic and social development. At the same time, as the intensity of reform and opening up has continuously increased, China has deeply integrated into the process of economic globalization, winning the initiative in economic development and international competition through the initiative in opening up to the outside world. The status of the world’s second-largest economy, the largest manufacturing country, the largest trading country in goods, and the second-largest consumer market for goods has been continuously consolidated. After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China has created a miracle of rapid economic development rarely seen in the world. Its GDP has exceeded the 100 trillion yuan mark, per capita GDP has surpassed US$12,000, the battle against poverty has achieved a comprehensive victory, and regional overall poverty has been resolved. It can be seen that reform and opening up is a new great revolution led by our Party in the new historical conditions, endowing socialism with new vitality and dynamism, and is an important magic weapon for solidly promoting the common prosperity of all the people.

习近平总书记深刻指出：“改革开放是当代中国最鲜明的特色，是我们党在新的历史时期最鲜明的旗帜。改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。”新中国成立后，党带领人民恢复国民经济，推进社会主义建设，极大地改善了人民生活。但就整体而言，改革开放前我国农村生产条件仍十分落后，农民生活水平仍比较低下。按照2010年农村贫困标准测算，1978年末，农村贫困人口7.7亿人，农村贫困发生率高达97.5%。党的十一届三中全会作出实行改革开放的历史性决策，开启了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，深刻改变了中国人民和中华民族的前途和命运。改革开放以来，我们坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性，激发亿万人民群众的智慧和力量，为经济社会发展提供强大的内生动力。同时，随着改革开放力度不断加大，我国深度融入经济全球化进程，以对外开放的主动赢得经济发展的主动、赢得国际竞争的主动，世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、商品消费第二大国的地位不断巩固。经过40多年的改革开放，我国创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹，国内生产总值突破百万亿元大关，人均GDP超过1.2万美元，脱贫攻坚战取得全面胜利，区域性整体贫困得到解决。可见，改革开放是我们党在新的历史条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，赋予社会主义新的生机活力，是扎实推动全体人民共同富裕的重要法宝。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party incorporated “achieving more obvious and substantive progress in the common prosperity of all the people” into the long-term goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035. It must be recognized that achieving common prosperity still faces some challenges. First, the urban-rural development gap remains relatively large. In recent years, China’s rural economy has continued to develop, but the industrial structure in many rural areas is still dominated by traditional agriculture, the level of agricultural and rural modernization is not high enough, and the supply of services such as rural education, medical care, elderly care, and culture is insufficient. Second, the regional development gap remains relatively large. In 2023, the GDP of China’s eastern region was 65.2084 trillion yuan, the central region 26.9898 trillion yuan, the western region 26.9325 trillion yuan, and the northeastern region 5.9624 trillion yuan. The GDP of the eastern region accounted for 52.1% of the national total, exceeding the sum of the central, western, and northeastern regions. Third, the income gap between different groups remains relatively large. In 2023, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China was 51,821 yuan, and that of rural residents was 21,691 yuan, with a ratio of 2.39. Grouped by five equal income brackets of national residents, the per capita disposable income of the low-income group was 9,215 yuan, and that of the high-income group was 95,055 yuan, a difference of 85,840 yuan. To remove the obstacles on the path forward, we must further deepen reform comprehensively. By building a high-level socialist market economy system, improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development, establishing systems and mechanisms to support comprehensive innovation, and perfecting the systems and mechanisms for high-level opening up to the outside world, we must strive to achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency and maximize benefits, so as to make the “cake” of common prosperity bigger. By improving the support system for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas, perfecting the implementation mechanism of the regional coordinated development strategy, and improving the income distribution system, we must strive to enhance the balance, coordination, and inclusiveness of development, narrowing the gaps between urban and rural areas, regions, and incomes, so as to cut and distribute the “cake” well and advance the common prosperity of all the people.

党的十九届五中全会将“全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展”纳入2035年基本实现社会主义现代化的远景目标。需要看到的是，实现共同富裕还面临一些挑战。一是城乡发展差距仍然较大。近年来我国农村经济持续发展，但许多农村产业结构仍以传统农业为主，农业农村现代化水平不够高，农村教育、医疗、养老、文化等服务供给不足。二是区域发展差距仍然较大。2023年我国东部地区生产总值652084亿元，中部地区生产总值269898亿元，西部地区生产总值269325亿元，东北地区生产总值59624亿元，东部地区生产总值占全国比重52.1%，超过中部、西部、东北地区的总和。三是不同群体之间收入差距仍然较大。2023年我国城镇居民人均可支配收入51821元，农村居民人均可支配收入21691元，城乡居民人均可支配收入比值为2.39；按全国居民五等份收入分组，低收入组人均可支配收入9215元，高收入组人均可支配收入95055元，二者相差85840元。破除前进道路上的障碍，必须进一步全面深化改革，通过构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、构建支持全面创新体制机制、完善高水平对外开放体制机制，努力实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，才能做大共同富裕“蛋糕”。通过完善强农惠农富农支持制度、完善实施区域协调发展战略机制、完善收入分配制度，努力提高发展的平衡性、协调性、包容性，缩小城乡、区域、收入等方面差距，才能把“蛋糕”切好分好，推进全体人民共同富裕。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Dialectical materialism is the world outlook and methodology of Chinese Communists” and “we must constantly absorb the wisdom of Marxist philosophy, more consciously adhere to and apply the dialectical materialist world outlook and methodology, enhance dialectical thinking and strategic thinking capabilities, and strive to improve our ability to solve the fundamental problems of China’s reform and development.” The “Six Musts” proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC are an important embodiment of the positions, viewpoints, and methods of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. They are the adherence to, application of, and development of the Marxist world outlook and methodology, and are also the scientific world outlook and methodology that must be upheld to promote common prosperity through further comprehensively deepening reform. First, we must adhere to putting the people first, firmly stand with the people and grasp their aspirations, and take realizing, safeguarding, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people as the starting point and落脚点 of advancing reform. Second, we must adhere to self-confidence and self-reliance, strengthen the Four Confidences[n] and enhance historical resolve, and more actively and proactively devote ourselves to the cause of reform. Third, we must adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, unswervingly uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, keep pace with the times, conform to practical development, and continuously expand the depth and breadth of reform. Fourth, we must adhere to a problem-oriented approach, enhance problem awareness, dare to face contradictions, and continuously put forward new ideas, new concepts, and new methods that truly solve problems. Fifth, we must adhere to a systems perspective, dialectically grasp the relationships between the whole and the parts, the short term and the long term, and the internal and external, strengthen the coordination and matching of various reform measures, and enhance the precision, targeting, and effectiveness of reform. Sixth, we must adhere to a global vision, expand our world perspective, gain insight into the trends of human development and progress, and learn from and draw on all outstanding achievements of human civilization with an open mind as broad as the sea that admits all rivers.

习近平总书记指出，“辩证唯物主义是中国共产党人的世界观和方法论”“必须不断接受马克思主义哲学智慧的滋养，更加自觉地坚持和运用辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论，增强辩证思维、战略思维能力，努力提高解决我国改革发展基本问题的本领”。党的二十大报告提出的“六个必须坚持”是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想立场观点方法的重要体现，是对马克思主义世界观和方法论的坚持、运用和发展，也是以进一步全面深化改革促进共同富裕必须秉持的科学世界观和方法论。其一，必须坚持人民至上，站稳人民立场、把握人民愿望，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益作为推进改革的出发点和落脚点。其二，必须坚持自信自立，坚定“四个自信”、增强历史定力，更加积极主动地投身改革事业。其三，必须坚持守正创新，坚持中国特色社会主义不动摇，紧跟时代步伐、顺应实践发展，不断拓展改革的深度和广度。其四，必须坚持问题导向，增强问题意识、敢于直面矛盾，不断提出真正解决问题的新理念新思路新办法。其五，必须坚持系统观念，辩证把握整体与部分、短期与长期、内部与外部的关系，加强各项改革举措的协调配套，提升改革的精准性、针对性、实效性。其六，必须坚持胸怀天下，拓展世界眼光，洞察人类发展进步潮流，以海纳百川的开放胸襟学习和借鉴人类社会一切优秀文明成果。

Focusing on Key Points to Promote Continuous New Progress in Common Prosperity

突出重点推动共同富裕不断取得新进展

Promoting the common prosperity of all the people is a systematic project. We must adhere to dialectical materialism, make overall plans and achieve breakthroughs in key areas, and promote the common prosperity of all the people in the process of further comprehensively deepening reform.

促进全体人民共同富裕是一项系统工程，必须坚持唯物辩证法，整体谋划、重点突破，在进一步全面深化改革中推动全体人民共同富裕。

First, focus on improving the quality of people’s lives. Improving the quality of people’s lives is an inherent requirement for effectively meeting the people’s growing aspirations for a better life. The quality of people’s lives has comprehensiveness and dynamism. Comprehensiveness means that the quality of people’s lives involves multiple dimensions such as the economy, politics, culture, society, and the ecological environment, including both objective standards and subjective feelings. Dynamism means that the specific connotation of the quality of people’s lives changes with changes in social and historical conditions, and the methods and strategies for improving the quality of people’s lives must keep pace with the times and be adjusted in a timely manner. To promote common prosperity, we must base ourselves on the people’s growing needs for a better life, continuously improve the material living conditions of the people through further comprehensively deepening reform, and constantly meet the people’s growing new demands for democracy, the rule of law, fairness, justice, security, and the environment, so that the people’s sense of gain is more substantial, their sense of happiness is more sustainable, and their sense of security is more guaranteed.

一是着力提高人民生活品质。提高人民生活品质，是切实满足人民群众对美好生活向往的内在要求。人民生活品质具有综合性与动态性，综合性是指人民生活品质涉及经济、政治、文化、社会、生态环境等多个维度，既有客观标准也有主观感受；动态性是指人民生活品质的具体内涵会随着社会历史条件的变化而变化，提高人民生活品质的方法和策略必须与时俱进、及时调整。推动共同富裕，必须立足人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要，以进一步全面深化改革持续改善人民群众物质生活条件，不断满足人民群众对民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面日益增长的新需求，让人民群众的获得感成色更足、幸福感更可持续、安全感更有保障。

Second, focus on improving the income distribution and employment systems. Income distribution is the source of people’s livelihood, directly affecting economic efficiency and social fairness. A moderate income gap helps to mobilize the enthusiasm of workers, while an excessively large income gap will have serious negative impacts on economic development and social stability. Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood and the basis of development, bearing on the vital interests of the people and the long-term stability of the country. To promote common prosperity, we must correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, coordinate various livelihood work according to the thinking of holding the bottom line, highlighting key points, perfecting the system, and guiding expectations, standardize the order of income distribution and the mechanism of wealth accumulation through further comprehensively deepening reform, build a coordinated and supporting institutional system of primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, and make the fruits of development benefit all the people more and more fairly. We must improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and full employment, accelerate the improvement of the lifelong vocational skills training system, focus on solving structural employment contradictions, and strengthen the protection of workers’ rights and interests.

二是着力完善收入分配和就业制度。收入分配是民生之源，直接影响经济效率与社会公平，适度的收入差距有助于调动劳动者的积极性，过大的收入差距则会给经济发展和社会稳定带来严重的负面影响。就业是民生之本、发展之基，事关人民群众切身利益与国家长治久安。推动共同富裕，必须正确处理效率与公平的关系，按照守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导预期的思路统筹各项民生工作，以进一步全面深化改革规范收入分配秩序和财富积累机制，构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，使发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。健全高质量充分就业促进机制，加快完善终身职业技能培训制度，着力解决结构性就业矛盾，加强对劳动者权益的保护。

Third, focus on improving the social security system. Social security concerns the issues of greatest, most direct, and most practical concern to the people, playing the role of a safety net for people’s livelihood, a regulator of income distribution, and a shock absorber for economic operations, and is of great significance for promoting common prosperity. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has built the world’s largest social security system covering the largest population. At the same time, as the principal contradiction in society has changed and urbanization, population aging, and the diversification of employment forms have accelerated, the shortcomings of China

三是着力健全社会保障体系。社会保障关乎人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，发挥着民生保障安全网、收入分配调节器、经济运行减震器的作用，对促进共同富裕具有重要意义。党的十八大以来，我国建成了世界上规模最大、覆盖人口最多的社会保障体系。同时，随着社会主要矛盾发生变化和城镇化、人口老龄化、就业方式多样化加快发展，我国社会保障体系存在的不足也日益凸显。推动共同富裕，必须坚持问题导向，通过进一步全面深化改革不断破解发展难题，统筹推进各项社会保障制度的健全与优化，加大再分配力度，健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、安全规范、可持续的多层次社会保障体系，为广大人民群众提供更可靠更充分的保障。

Fourth, efforts should be made to enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services. Enhancing the balance and accessibility of basic public services is an objective requirement for improving the people’s living standards and increasing their sense of well-being. Enhancing the balance of basic public services means achieving equilibrium across dimensions such as public service input, public service processes, and public service outputs among all members of society, primarily addressing issues on the supply side of public services. Enhancing the accessibility of basic public services means closely aligning with the people’s actual needs to improve the availability, affordability, and adaptability of public services, primarily addressing issues on the demand side of public services. To promote common prosperity, it is necessary to improve the degree of matching between the supply and demand of public services, further comprehensively deepen reform to advance the standardization of basic public services, promote the high-quality sharing of public services, and accelerate efforts to shore up weak links in public services. Timely responses should be made to the people’s opinions and suggestions on public services, and information technology should be fully utilized to make the supply of public services more precisely match the people’s actual needs.

四是着力增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性。增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性，是改善人民生活水平、提升人民幸福感的客观要求。增强基本公共服务均衡性是指在全体社会成员之间实现公共服务投入、公共服务过程、公共服务产出等维度的均衡，主要解决公共服务供给层面的问题。增强基本公共服务可及性是指紧扣人民群众现实需求，提升公共服务的可获得性、可负担性、可适配性，主要解决公共服务需求层面的问题。推动共同富裕，必须提升公共服务供需匹配程度，以进一步全面深化改革推进基本公共服务标准化建设，推动公共服务优质共享，加快补齐公共服务短板。及时回应人民群众对公共服务的意见和建议，充分利用信息技术使公共服务供给更加精准匹配人民群众的现实需求。

Web editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗