The Principled Theoretical Achievements of the Party’s Theoretical Innovation from the Perspective of Scientific Socialism

Principled theoretical achievements are the essence of a theoretical system. A foundational task in studying a theoretical system is to elucidate its principled theoretical achievements and analyze their position within the system. On June 30, 2023, at the sixth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping clearly stated: “Promoting the systematization and theorization of theory is an inherent requirement and an important pathway for theoretical innovation. The project on the study and development of Marxist theory must continuously deepen theoretical research and interpretation, focusing on researching and interpreting the principled theoretical achievements among the new concepts and new theses put forward by our Party, grasping their internal interconnections, and educating and guiding the entire Party and the whole country to better learn and grasp the theoretical system of Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.” [1]1 These are numbered slogans summarizing the core components of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Ten Clarifications” outline the main tenets of the Thought; the “Fourteen Perseverances” are the basic strategies for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics; the “Thirteen Areas of Achievement” summarize historical achievements in the New Era; and the “Six Musts” are methodological requirements for the Thought’s application. Entering the New Era, [2]2 The 18th National Congress of the CPC: Held in 2012, it marked the beginning of the Xi Jinping era and the formal launch of the “New Era” of socialism with Chinese characteristics. our Party, centering on upholding and developing scientific socialism, has put forward a series of original principled theoretical achievements, successfully opening a new realm for the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China. Systematically sorting out and elucidating these principled theoretical achievements holds significant theoretical importance for advancing the systematized and theorized interpretation of the Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era.

原理性理论成果是理论体系的精髓，研究理论体系的一项基础性工作就是阐明原理性理论成果并分析其在理论体系中的地位。2023年6月30日，习近平在党的二十届中央政治局第六次集体学习会上明确指出：“推进理论的体系化、学理化，是理论创新的内在要求和重要途径。马克思主义理论研究和建设工程要不断深化理论研究阐释，重点研究阐释我们党提出的新理念新论断中原理性理论成果，把握相互的内在联系，教育引导全党全国更好学习把握新时代中国特色社会主义思想的理论体系。”进入新时代，围绕坚持和发展科学社会主义，我们党提出一系列具有原创性的原理性理论成果，成功开辟了科学社会主义在当代中国发展的新境界。系统梳理并阐释这些原理性理论成果，对于推进新时代党的创新理论体系化、学理化阐释，具有重要理论意义。

I. Putting Forward Principled Theoretical Achievements Is an Inevitable Requirement for Upholding and Developing Scientific Socialism

一、提出原理性理论成果是坚持和发展科学社会主义的必然要求

Principled theoretical achievements refer to major theses within a theoretical system that possess original, foundational, and essential significance. By “original” is meant that principled theoretical achievements are the standpoint for the construction of a theoretical system, the theoretical source of other important theses and strategies, and the intellectual starting point for the expansion and deepening of the theoretical system. Without original viewpoints, the construction and development of a theoretical system would become water without a source or a tree without roots. By “foundational” is meant that principled theoretical achievements play a supporting role for the entire ideological system and are the cornerstone of the theoretical system. Without principled theoretical achievements, other viewpoints would lose their basis, and the entire edifice of the ideological system could not be established. By “essential” is meant that principled theoretical achievements reveal the essential meaning of the theory, are the most prominent marker distinguishing this theory from others, and are also the most important yardstick for identifying a theory.

原理性理论成果，指理论体系中具有本源性、基础性、本质性意义的重大论断。所谓本源性，指原理性理论成果是理论体系建构的立足点，是其他重要论断和战略的理论源头，是理论体系拓展、深化的思想起点。离开本源性观点，理论体系的建构和发展就成了无源之水、无本之木。所谓基础性，指原理性理论成果对整个思想体系起支撑性作用，是理论体系的奠基石。离开原理性理论成果，其他观点就失去了依据，整个思想体系大厦就无法建立。所谓本质性，指原理性理论成果揭示了理论的本质要义，是这一理论区别于其他理论的最显著标志，也是辨别理论的最重要标尺。

The Communist Party of China is a political party that takes Marxism as its fundamental guiding ideology. Upholding and developing scientific socialism is an inevitable requirement for our Party to advance the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, [3]3 The 20th National Congress of the CPC: Held in October 2022, it adopted Xi Jinping’s report and enshrined “Chinese-path modernization” as a central concept. and it is also the logical main line for promoting the Party’s theoretical innovation. Entering the New Era, our Party has followed the valuable experience and historical laws of the Party’s theoretical innovation, inheriting and developing the basic principles of scientific socialism by putting forward principled theoretical achievements. It has profoundly answered major epochal questions such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing scientific theoretical guidance for building a strong country and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. [4]4 The second centenary goal: The goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century (the first centenary goal was building a moderately prosperous society by 2021).

中国共产党是以马克思主义为根本指导思想的政党，坚持和发展科学社会主义是我们党推进马克思主义中国化时代化的必然要求，也是推进党的理论创新的逻辑主线。进入新时代，我们党遵循党的理论创新的宝贵经验和历史规律，通过提出原理性理论成果继承和发展科学社会主义基本原理，深刻回答新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义等重大时代课题，为强国建设、民族复兴提供科学理论指导。

First, using principled theoretical achievements to hold fast to the soul of scientific socialist thought. The basic principles of scientific socialism are the most fundamental theses concerning scientific socialism put forward by the classical Marxist writers based on historical materialism. They are centrally embodied in classical Marxist works represented by *The Communist Manifesto*, *Capital*, and *Socialism: Utopian and Scientific*. Basic principles including “the fall of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable” and “the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all” are the essence of the theory of scientific socialism, clarifying its standpoints, viewpoints, and methods. [5]5 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The Communist Manifesto* (1848). Upholding and developing scientific socialism in the New Era requires first of all upholding these basic principles, holding fast to the soul of scientific socialist thought by putting forward new principled theoretical achievements, and ensuring that socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era always advances along the direction and path guided by scientific socialism. The Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era consists precisely in upholding the basic principles of scientific socialism through the continuous proposal of principled theoretical achievements, achieving “upholding fundamental principles” [6]6 “Upholding fundamental principles” (守正) is a key concept in Xi Jinping’s thought, often paired with “breaking new ground” (创新), meaning to adhere to the basic tenets of Marxism while innovating in practice. regarding the basic principles of scientific socialism. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is a scientific system formed on the basis of these principled theoretical achievements. Xi Jinping has emphasized: “Socialism with Chinese characteristics is socialism, not some other ‘ism.’ The basic principles of scientific socialism cannot be discarded; if they are discarded, it is not socialism.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the New Central Committee’s Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC,” *People’s Daily*, November 18, 2012. The basic principles of scientific socialism referred to here are the major viewpoints and practical requirements that contain the basic principles of scientific socialism.

第一，以原理性理论成果坚守科学社会主义的思想之魂。科学社会主义基本原理是马克思主义经典作家依据唯物史观提出的有关科学社会主义的最基本论断，集中体现于以《共产党宣言》《资本论》《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》等为代表的马克思主义经典著作，包括“资产阶级的灭亡和无产阶级的胜利是同样不可避免的”“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”等在内的基本原理是科学社会主义理论的精髓，明确了科学社会主义的立场观点方法。新时代坚持和发展科学社会主义首先必须坚持这些基本原理，通过提出新的原理性理论成果坚守科学社会主义的思想之魂，让新时代中国特色社会主义始终行进在科学社会主义指引的方向和道路上。新时代党的理论创新就是在不断提出原理性理论成果中坚守科学社会主义基本原理，做到对科学社会主义基本原理的“守正”。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，就是基于这些原理性理论成果而形成的科学体系。习近平强调指出：“中国特色社会主义是社会主义而不是其他什么主义，科学社会主义基本原则不能丢，丢了就不是社会主义。”这里讲的科学社会主义基本原则，就是蕴含科学社会主义基本原理的重大观点和实践要求。

Second, using principled theoretical achievements to manifest the contemporary value of scientific socialism. The basic principles of scientific socialism elucidate the most general theses within this doctrine. The practical application of these theses requires creative grasp and design based on concrete realities in order to better solve practical problems. In the preface to the 1872 German edition of *The Communist Manifesto*, Marx and Engels pointed out that the practical application of the basic principles of scientific socialism they had put forward “must everywhere and at all times be applied in accordance with the historical conditions existing at the time,” because only through such “application” could the basic principles of scientific socialism adapt to changes in time and space. [8]8 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Preface to the 1872 German Edition of *The Communist Manifesto*. This requires people to treat the basic principles of scientific socialism with an attitude of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, [9]9 “Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” (守正创新) is a guiding principle for theoretical and practical work in the New Era. continuously putting forward principled theoretical achievements in the process of profoundly answering various practical questions raised by the development of the times, effectively activating the vitality of the basic principles of scientific socialism, and fully manifesting their contemporary value. The Party’s theoretical innovation achievements in the New Era are replete with principled theoretical achievements that enrich and develop scientific socialism. It is precisely these principled theoretical achievements that have enabled the theoretical system to achieve historical development, evolving from classical scientific socialism into scientific socialism in contemporary China. Shortly after the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [10]10 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of Xi Jinping’s leadership. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Our Party has always emphasized that socialism with Chinese characteristics both adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism and endows it with distinct Chinese characteristics according to the conditions of the times.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,” *People’s Daily*, November 18, 2012. “Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the dialectical unity of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of China’s social development. It is scientific socialism rooted in the land of China, reflecting the will of the Chinese people, and adapting to the requirements of China’s and the times’ development and progress. It is the only way to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, [12]12 “Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects” (全面建成小康社会) was the goal set for the centenary of the CPC in 2021, which was declared achieved. accelerate socialist modernization, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” [13]13 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,” *People’s Daily*, November 18, 2012.

第二，用原理性理论成果彰显科学社会主义的时代价值。科学社会主义基本原理阐明的是这一学说中的最一般论断，这些论断的实际运用则需要根据具体实际进行创造性把握和设计，以便更好地解决现实问题。在《共产党宣言》1872年德文版序言中，马克思、恩格斯指出，他们所提出的科学社会主义基本原理的实际运用“随时随地都要以当时的历史条件为转移”，因为只有“转移”才能让科学社会主义基本原理适应时空转换。这就要求人们以守正创新的态度对待科学社会主义基本原理，在深刻回答时代发展所提出的各种现实问题过程中不断提出原理性理论成果，有效激活科学社会主义基本原理的生命力，充分彰显其时代价值。新时代党的理论创新成果饱含丰富和发展科学社会主义的原理性理论成果，正是这些原理性理论成果使其实现了理论体系的历史性发展，从经典的科学社会主义发展成为当代中国的科学社会主义。党的十八大召开不久，习近平就指出：“我们党始终强调，中国特色社会主义，既坚持了科学社会主义基本原则，又根据时代条件赋予其鲜明的中国特色。”“中国特色社会主义，是科学社会主义理论逻辑和中国社会发展历史逻辑的辩证统一，是根植于中国大地、反映中国人民意愿、适应中国和时代发展进步要求的科学社会主义，是全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路。”

Third, by putting forward principled theoretical achievements, opening up broad prospects for the development of scientific socialism. Engels said: “The so-called ‘socialist society’ is not something immutable, but, like all other social systems, should be regarded as a society that is constantly changing and reforming.” [14]14 Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Otto von Boenigk,” August 21, 1890, in *Marx-Engels Selected Correspondence*. Consequently, the theory of scientific socialism guiding practice should not stop at the relevant expositions of the classical writers. Only by theoretically summarizing and elevating the fresh experience gained from the vivid practice of socialism, forming principled theoretical achievements that adapt to, grasp, and lead the times, can new paths be opened and new spaces be expanded for the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China. Based on this, while committed to using the theory of scientific socialism to guide practice, the Chinese Communists in the New Era have attached great importance to thickening the theoretical foundation of scientific socialism and expanding the space for its innovation. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, formed on the basis of continuously creating principled theoretical achievements, not only provides scientific theoretical guidance for building China into a great modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation but also opens up broad prospects for the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China.

第三，通过提出原理性理论成果，开辟科学社会主义发展的广阔前景。恩格斯说：“所谓‘社会主义社会’不是一种一成不变的东西，而应当和任何其他社会制度一样，把它看成是经常变化和改革的社会。”由此，指导实践的科学社会主义理论就不应止步于经典作家的有关论述。只有对社会主义生动实践中获取的新鲜经验进行理论上的概括和提升，形成适应时代、把握时代、引领时代的原理性理论成果，才能为科学社会主义在当代中国的发展开辟新的道路，开拓新的空间。基于此，新时代中国共产党人在致力于运用科学社会主义理论指导实践的同时，高度重视厚植科学社会主义的理论根基，拓展科学社会主义创新空间。在不断创造原理性理论成果基础上形成的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，不仅为我国社会主义现代化强国建设、实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了科学的理论指导，也为科学社会主义在当代中国的发展开辟了广阔的发展前景。

II. Principled Theoretical Achievements in Upholding and Developing Scientific Socialism in the New Era

二、新时代坚持和发展科学社会主义的原理性理论成果

Entering the New Era, Chinese Communists have unswervingly upheld and developed scientific socialism. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, which “means that scientific socialism is full of vitality in 21st century China.” [15]15 Xi Jinping, *Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era* (Report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, 2017). The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC again emphasized: “Scientific socialism is brimming with renewed vitality in 21st century China.” [16]16 Xi Jinping, *Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects* (Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, 2022). An important reason why socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era demonstrates strong vitality is that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to systematically putting forward principled theoretical achievements to uphold and develop scientific socialism, continuously endowing scientific socialism with new contemporary connotations, and manifesting the strong vitality of scientific socialism in contemporary China.

进入新时代，中国共产党人矢志不渝地坚持和发展科学社会主义。党的十九大报告指出，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，“意味着科学社会主义在二十一世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力”。党的二十大报告再次强调：“科学社会主义在二十一世纪的中国焕发出新的蓬勃生机。”新时代中国特色社会主义彰显出强大的生机活力，一个重要原因在于：以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视以系统提出原理性理论成果坚持和发展科学社会主义，不断赋予科学社会主义以新的时代内涵，彰显科学社会主义在当代中国的强大生命力。

First, regarding the essence of socialism, it is emphasized that Party leadership is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Marx and Engels pointed out that future society is an “association” of the free development of individuals. This is regarded as the most classic depiction of the ideal state of socialism. However, Marx and Engels never gave a clear definition of the essence of socialism. After the founding of New China, several generations of Chinese Communists unremittingly explored the essence of socialism. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that the essence of socialism is to liberate and develop the productive forces and achieve common prosperity. This assertion broke the traditional concept, long held, of understanding the essence of socialism solely from the institutional level. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 These are numbered slogans summarizing the core components of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Ten Clarifications” outline the main tenets of the Thought; the “Fourteen Perseverances” are the basic strategies for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics; the “Thirteen Areas of Achievement” summarize historical achievements in the New Era; and the “Six Musts” are methodological requirements for the Thought’s application., our Party has successively put forward assertions such as “sharing is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics” and “comprehensive law-based governance is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics,” but the most breakthrough assertion is to link Party leadership with the essence of socialism, emphasizing that “the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.” The profound significance of this assertion lies in: expanding the constituent elements of the essence of socialism, making Party leadership a new constant defining the essence of scientific socialism; placing Party leadership in the primary position, stipulating other elements within the essence of socialism; the essential stipulation of Party leadership over scientific socialism is a development of the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat in scientific socialism for the times, providing a fundamental basis for strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

第一，在社会主义本质上，强调党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质特征。马克思、恩格斯指出，未来社会是人的自由发展的 “联合体”。这被视为对社会主义理想状态的最经典描绘。但是，马克思、恩格斯从来没有给出社会主义本质的明确定义。新中国成立后，几代中国共产党人坚持不懈地探索社会主义的本质。邓小平指出，社会主义的本质是解放和发展生产力，实现共同富裕。这一论断打破了长期以来形成的单纯从制度层面认识社会主义本质的传统观念。党的十八大以来，我们党先后提出“共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求”和“全面依法治国是中国特色社会主义的本质要求”等论断，但最具突破性意义的论断是把党的领导和社会主义本质相联系，强调“中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导”。这一论断的深刻意义在于：扩展了社会主义本质的要素构成，使党的领导成为界定科学社会主义本质的新的常量；将党的领导置于首要位置，规定着社会主义本质中的其他要素；党的领导对科学社会主义的本质规定性，是对科学社会主义无产阶级专政原则的时代发展，为加强党对新时代中国特色社会主义事业的全面领导提供了根本依据。

Second, regarding the fundamental purpose of socialism, it is proposed that the general task is to realize socialist modernization and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. “Marxism is broad and profound; in the final analysis, it is one sentence: to seek liberation for humanity.” Promoting the free and comprehensive development of individuals and the liberation of all humanity is the fundamental pursuit of scientific socialism. Chinese Communists in the New Era have always upheld the above basic principles of scientific socialism, deeply pondered the target positioning of China’s development in the New Era from the two dimensions of history and reality, and clearly proposed that the general task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, emphasizing that the essence of the Chinese Dream is national prosperity, national rejuvenation, and people’s happiness, thereby internalizing the lofty ideal of scientific socialism of “seeking liberation for humanity” into the common dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the historical mission undertaken by the Communist Party of China.

第二，在社会主义根本目的方面，提出总任务是实现社会主义现代化和实现中华民族的伟大复兴。“马克思主义博大精深，归根到底就是一句话，为人类求解放。”促进人的自由全面发展和全人类解放，是科学社会主义的根本追求。新时代中国共产党人始终秉承上述科学社会主义基本原则，从历史和现实两个维度出发深入思考新时代中国发展的目标定位，明确提出坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的总任务是实现社会主义现代化和实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，强调中国梦的本质是国家富强、民族振兴和人民幸福，从而把科学社会主义“为人类求解放”的崇高理想内化为实现中华民族伟大复兴的共同梦想和中国共产党承担的历史使命。

Third, regarding the fundamental stance of socialism, it is proposed that being people-centered is the fundamental stance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Classical Marxist writers pointed out that the masses of the people are the true heroes and the creators of history. The people’s stance is the fundamental stance of scientific socialists. Chinese Communists in the New Era adhere to the above basic viewpoints of historical materialism, endow the people’s stance of scientific socialism with new connotations of the times, and propose that being people-centered is the fundamental stance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Accordingly, in the New Era our Party has put forward a series of important assertions: first, clearly defining seeking happiness for the people as the original aspiration of Chinese Communists, emphasizing not forgetting the original aspiration and keeping the founding mission firmly in mind; second, clearly defining the people’s aspiration for a better life as its own goal of struggle; third, emphasizing relying on the people to create history, implementing the mass line throughout the entire process of governance; fourth, clearly proposing to continuously promote the comprehensive development of individuals and common prosperity for all the people.

第三，在社会主义根本立场方面，提出以人民为中心是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义根本立场。马克思主义经典作家指出，人民群众是真正的英雄、是历史的创造者。人民立场是科学社会主义者的根本立场。新时代中国共产党人坚持上述历史唯物主义的基本观点，赋予科学社会主义的人民立场以新的时代内涵，提出以人民为中心是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的根本立场。据此，新时代我们党提出一系列重要论断：一是将为人民谋幸福明确为中国共产党人的初心，强调不忘初心，牢记使命；二是将人民对美好生活的向往明确为自己的奋斗目标；三是强调依靠人民创造历史，把党的群众路线贯彻于治国理政全过程；四是明确提出不断促进人的全面发展和全体人民的共同富裕。

Fourth, regarding the development philosophy of socialism, it is proposed to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy. Marx and Engels believed that, unlike capitalism where the means of production are privately owned, socialism organizes production on the basis of social ownership of the means of production. However, Marx and Engels did not provide detailed basic concepts and methods for achieving development in socialist countries. Concepts are the guide to action. As the concentrated embodiment of development ideas, development momentum, and development methods, whether the development philosophy is scientific fundamentally determines the effectiveness and even the success or failure of development. Entering the New Era, our Party, on the basis of inheriting and summarizing long-accumulated development experience, put forward the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing. Xi Jinping emphasized: “Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have put forward many major theories and concepts regarding economic and social development, among which the new development philosophy is the most important and primary.” “It is necessary to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy.” The 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed a series of major strategic measures to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and strive to promote high-quality development, emphasizing that “high-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects.” Under the guidance of the new development philosophy, the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the development of science and technology, building an innovative country, and developing new quality productive forces.

第四，在社会主义发展理念上，提出完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念。马克思、恩格斯认为，与资本主义私人占有生产资料不同，社会主义是在社会占有生产资料基础上组织生产。然而，马克思、恩格斯并未详细给出社会主义国家实现发展的基本理念和方式。理念是行动的先导。作为发展思路、发展动力、发展方式的集中体现，发展理念是否科学，从根本上决定着发展成效乃至成败。进入新时代，我们党在继承和总结长期积累的发展经验基础上提出创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。习近平强调：“党的十八大以来我们对经济社会发展提出了许多重大理论和理念，其中新发展理念是最重要、最主要的。”“必须完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念。”党的二十大提出加快构建新发展格局、着力推动高质量发展的一系列重大战略举措，强调“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务”。在新发展理念指导下，党中央高度重视科学技术发展、建设创新型国家、发展新质生产力。

Fifth, regarding the governance of a socialist country, it is proposed to develop and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Marx and Engels proposed that communist society will only arrive when the state and classes have withered away. Although they also put forward some principles for establishing and consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, they did not elaborate much on how to govern a socialist country well, especially how to advance the modernization of national governance. Institutions are the main carrier of socialism and also the fundamental guarantee for building socialism. The superiority of socialism over capitalism ultimately depends on institutions. Viewed from the development process, after the founding of New China, the first half of China’s socialist construction focused on establishing the socialist system, while the second half focused on developing and improving the socialist system. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee have unremittingly taken developing and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as their themes, with the purpose of providing effective institutional guarantees for the long-term stability and security of the Party and the state, and providing a solid institutional foundation for building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

第五，在社会主义国家治理上，提出发展完善中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。马克思、恩格斯提出，共产主义社会只有在国家、阶级消亡的状态下才会到来。尽管他们也提出过一些建立和巩固无产阶级专政的原则，但对于如何治理好社会主义国家尤其是如何推进国家治理的现代化，并没多少具体阐述。制度是社会主义的主要载体，也是建设社会主义的根本保障。社会主义优越于资本主义归根到底要靠制度。从发展历程看，新中国成立后，我国社会主义建设前半程重点在于建立社会主义制度，后半程重点在于发展和完善社会主义制度。党的十八届三中全会、党的十九届四中全会、党的二十届三中全会坚持不懈地把发展和完善中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化当作主题，目的就是为党和国家的长治久安提供有效的制度保障，为强国建设、民族复兴提供稳固的制度基础。

Sixth, regarding the ecological concept of socialism, it is proposed that humans and nature form a community of life. At the level of the relationship between humans and nature, scientific socialism advocates that humans should utilize nature in accordance with its laws, not violate the laws of nature, and pursue a “life in harmony with the recognized laws of nature.” Entering the New Era, our Party has continuously developed its ecological concept in the practice of solving the ecological pressures facing China and reflecting on global ecological issues. Xi Jinping put forward important assertions such as “humans and nature form a community of life; the ecological environment has no substitute; if it is used without awareness, it will be difficult to preserve once lost,” “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,” and “protecting the ecological environment means protecting the productive forces, improving the ecological environment means developing the productive forces.” These assertions enrich and develop the ecological concept of scientific socialism. First, regarding nature as a component of the community of life, upgrading the subject-object relationship structure of “utilizing” and “being utilized” between humans and nature to a new relationship structure of a “community of life.” Second, expanding the forms of interactive relationships between humans and nature. Expanding the traditional sense of “utilizing” nature in accordance with its laws further into “respecting nature, conforming to nature, and protecting nature.” Third, proposing a path of civilized development characterized by the harmonious unity of humans and nature. Emphasizing “promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,” “unswervingly taking the path of civilized development featuring production development, affluent life, and good ecology,” continuously promoting the green transformation of the development model, and striving to transform the socialist ecological concept into practical results.

第六，在社会主义生态理念上，提出人与自然是生命共同体。在人与自然关系层面，科学社会主义主张人类应该合乎规律地利用自然，不要违背自然的规律，追求“同已被认识的自然规律和谐一致的生活”。进入新时代，我们党在解决我国面临的生态压力、思考全球性生态问题的实践中，不断发展生态理念。习近平提出“人与自然是生命共同体，生态环境没有替代品，用之不觉，失之难存”“绿水青山就是金山银山”“保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力”等重要论断。这些论断丰富和发展了科学社会主义的生态理念。一是将自然看成生命共同体的组成部分，将人与自然之间“利用”和“被利用”的主客体关系结构，升级为“生命共同体”的新型关系结构。二是拓展人与自然的互动关系形态。将传统意义上合乎规律地“利用”自然，进一步拓展为“尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然”。三是提出人与自然和谐统一的文明发展道路。强调“促进人与自然和谐共生”，“坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路”，持续推进发展方式绿色转型，努力将社会主义生态理念转化为实践成果。

Seventh, regarding the building of a socialist ruling party, it has explored self-revolution as the “second answer” to escaping the historical cycle of rise and fall. Maintaining the advanced nature of the Party is an important proposition of scientific socialism. The *Communist Manifesto*, when expounding the advanced nature of communists, clearly states: “In practice, communists are the most resolute and always driving part of the workers’ parties in various countries; in theory, they surpass the rest of the proletarian masses in that they understand the conditions, process, and general results of the proletarian movement.” However, under ruling conditions, how to maintain the Party’s advanced nature, how to handle the relationship between the Party’s leadership and its own building, how to advance social revolution through self-revolution, and how to solve the unique challenges of a large party—these are questions that scientific socialism had not clearly answered before, and they are also major issues that the international communist movement has not resolved well. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in the practice of advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, our Party has carried forward the historical initiative, successfully explored the “second answer” to escaping the historical cycle of order and chaos, rise and decline, and formed a dialectical thought of leading great social revolution with great self-revolution and promoting great self-revolution with great social revolution. This has profoundly answered major questions such as why the Communist Party of China must advance self-revolution, why it can self-revolutionize, and how to advance self-revolution. It not only provides fundamental guidance for deeply advancing the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era and new journey but also opens up new theoretical space for ruling party building in enriching and developing scientific socialism.

第七，在社会主义执政党建设上，探索出自我革命这一跳出历史周期率的“第二个答案”。保持党的先进性是科学社会主义关注的重要命题。《共产党宣言》在阐释共产党人先进性时明确指出：“在实践方面，共产党人是各国工人政党中最坚决的、始终起推动作用的部分；在理论方面，他们胜过其余无产阶级群众的地方在于他们了解无产阶级运动的条件、进程和一般结果。”但在执政条件下如何保持党的先进性、如何处理好党的领导和党自身建设的关系、如何通过自我革命推进社会革命、如何解决好大党独有难题等，这是科学社会主义之前没有明确回答的问题，也是国际共产主义运动没有解决好的重大问题。党的十八大以来，在推进全面从严治党的实践中，我们党发扬历史主动精神，成功地探索出跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的“第二个答案”，形成以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命，以伟大社会革命促进伟大自我革命的辩证思想，深刻回答了中国共产党为什么要推进自我革命、为什么能够自我革命、怎样推进自我革命等重大问题，不仅为新时代新征程深入推进党的自我革命提供了根本遵循，也为丰富发展科学社会主义开辟了执政党建设的理论新空间。

Eighth, regarding the global vision of socialism, it has proposed promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Marx believed that humans can only survive in a state of community, and only by establishing a “true community” different from capitalist society can the complete liberation of humanity be achieved. The so-called “true community” is the “association of free individuals.” The Communist Party of China is a party that seeks happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and it is also a party that seeks progress for humanity and harmony for the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Communist Party of China has profoundly grasped the new situation of the profound interaction between the changes unseen in a century in the world and the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has held high the banner of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is a Chinese solution given on the basis of continuously deepening the understanding of the laws of human social development, focusing on answering “what kind of world to build and how to build it.” “Building a community with a shared future for mankind takes building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and clean and beautiful as its goal, takes promoting global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits as its implementation path, takes practicing the common values of all humanity as its universal guide, takes promoting the building of a new type of international relations as its basic support, takes implementing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative as its strategic guidance, and takes high-quality Belt and Road Initiative cooperation as its practical platform, promoting countries to jointly meet challenges and achieve common prosperity, and pushing the world towards a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress.” Like the Marxist thought on community, building a community with a shared future for mankind focuses on the future and destiny of the entire human society. It can be seen as a natural extension of the theoretical logic of Marxist thought on community, inheriting its theoretical essence. The difference is that “promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind does not mean replacing one system with another, nor replacing one civilization with another, but rather that countries with different social systems, different ideologies, different histories and cultures, and different levels of development share interests, rights, and responsibilities in international affairs, forming the greatest common divisor for building a better world.”

第八，在社会主义全球愿景上，提出推动构建人类命运共同体。马克思认为，人只有在共同体状态下才能生存，只有建立有别于资本主义社会的“真正的共同体”，才能实现人的彻底解放。所谓“真正的共同体”就是“自由人的联合体”。中国共产党是为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的党，也是为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同的党。党的十八大以来，中国共产党深刻把握世界百年未有之大变局和中华民族伟大复兴战略全局深刻互动的新形势，高高举起构建人类命运共同体旗帜。构建人类命运共同体是在不断深化认识人类社会发展规律基础上，着眼于回答“建设一个什么样的世界、怎样建设世界”而给出的中国方案。“构建人类命运共同体，是以建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界为努力目标，以推动共商共建共享的全球治理为实现路径，以践行全人类共同价值为普遍遵循，以推动构建新型国际关系为基本支撑，以落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议为战略引领，以高质量共建‘一带一路’为实践平台，推动各国携手应对挑战、实现共同繁荣，推动世界走向和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景。”同马克思主义共同体思想一样，构建人类命运共同体关注的是整个人类社会的前途命运，可以被看成马克思主义共同体思想理论逻辑的自然延伸，传承着马克思主义共同体思想的理论精髓。不同的是，“推动构建人类命运共同体，不是以一种制度代替另一种制度，不是以一种文明代替另一种文明，而是不同社会制度、不同意识形态、不同历史文化、不同发展水平的国家在国际事务中利益共生、权利共享、责任共担，形成共建美好世界的最大公约数”。

Ninth, regarding the path of socialist modernization, it has proposed that Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. In the context of Marx and Engels’ scientific socialism, socialism and modernization are diachronic concepts. Capitalism realized the transformation of human civilization from tradition to modernity, and socialism is a “post-modern” society built on the basis of capitalist modern civilization. However, practical socialism was initiated in relatively economically and culturally backward countries. How to achieve modernization under socialist conditions became a new question that had to be answered. The Soviet Union’s socialist modernization had important achievements but also profound lessons. Through long-term practice, the Communist Party of China has successfully explored a modernization path that suits China’s national conditions. Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China.” The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC profoundly elaborated on a series of basic issues such as the scientific connotation, basic characteristics, essential requirements, and practical principles of Chinese-path modernization. Among them, the fundamental nature clarifies the scientific socialist essence of Chinese-path modernization; the scientific connotation defines the distinctive features of Chinese-path modernization that differ from capitalist modernization; the essential requirements clarify the main dimensions for advancing Chinese-path modernization; the major principles point out the basic guidelines for advancing Chinese-path modernization. These four dimensions together constitute the Chinese communists’ systematic understanding and complete narrative of Chinese-path modernization, “initially constructing the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization, making Chinese-path modernization clearer, more scientific, more tangible and feasible,” and presenting a panoramic view of the socialist modernization path with distinctive Chinese characteristics to the world. At the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping proposed that Chinese-path modernization embodies “the advanced essence of scientific socialism” and is “the latest major achievement of scientific socialism.”

第九，在社会主义现代化道路上，提出中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化。在马克思、恩格斯的科学社会主义语境中，社会主义与现代化是历时性概念，资本主义实现了人类文明从传统到现代的变革，社会主义是建立在资本主义现代文明基础之上的“后现代化”社会。但实践的社会主义是在经济文化相对落后的国家开启的，如何在社会主义条件下实现现代化就成了必须回答好的新问题。苏联的社会主义现代化有重要成就也有深刻教训。中国共产党在长期实践中成功探索出一条符合中国国情的现代化道路。习近平明确指出：“中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化。”党的二十大报告深刻阐述了中国式现代化的科学内涵、基本特征、本质要求和实践原则等一系列基本问题。其中，根本性质澄清了中国式现代化的科学社会主义本质；科学内涵界定了中国式现代化不同于资本主义现代化的鲜明特征；本质要求明晰了推进中国式现代化主要维度；重大原则指明了推进中国式现代化的基本遵循。这四个维度共同构成中国共产党人对中国式现代化的系统认知和完整叙事，“初步构建中国式现代化的理论体系，使中国式现代化更加清晰、更加科学、更加可感可行”，使具有鲜明中国特色的社会主义现代化道路全景式地展现在世人面前。习近平在学习贯彻党的二十大精神研讨班开班式上提出，中国式现代化体现“科学社会主义的先进本质”，“是科学社会主义的最新重大成果”。

III. Principled Theoretical Achievements Open a New Realm for the Development of Scientific Socialism

三、原理性理论成果开拓科学社会主义发展的新境界

Looking back at the more than one hundred years of history of the Communist Party of China promoting theoretical innovation, it can be found that whether in the periods of revolution, construction, or reform, every major theoretical development and innovation of scientific socialism on Chinese soil has been achieved by proposing a series of original principled theoretical achievements. It is precisely by proposing principled theoretical achievements that Chinese communists have continuously pushed scientific socialism to new stages of development. Entering the New Era, our Party, by proposing a series of original principled theoretical achievements, has continuously deepened its understanding of scientific socialism and its contemporary value, and has successfully opened a new realm for the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China in advancing theoretical innovation.

回顾中国共产党推动理论创新的百余年历史可以发现，无论是在革命、建设还是改革时期，科学社会主义在中华大地上每一次重大理论发展和创新，都是通过提出一系列具有原创性的原理性理论成果实现的。正是通过提出原理性理论成果，中国共产党人不断将科学社会主义推向新的发展阶段。进入新时代，我们党通过提出一系列具有原创性的原理性理论成果，不断深化对科学社会主义及其时代价值的认识，在推进理论创新中成功开辟科学社会主义在当代中国发展的新境界。

First, it has strengthened the theoretical foundation of scientific socialism in China in the New Era. Whether a theory can take root in Chinese soil depends on whether it can answer the practical problems that the Chinese people expect to solve. Achieving great rejuvenation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times, and it is also the most fundamental issue that the Chinese people expect to solve in the New Era. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed: “From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-path modernization.” The principled theoretical achievements proposed by our Party in adhering to and developing scientific socialism are systematic and creative answers to how to achieve the central task. These principled theoretical achievements are both imbued with the ideal pursuit of scientific socialism and gather the theoretical wisdom of Chinese communists in the New Era. They profoundly answer the most fundamental issues that the Chinese people expect to solve in the New Era, thus presenting scientific socialism to the Chinese people in a living form and strengthening the ideological foundation for scientific socialism to take root in China.

第一，厚植科学社会主义在新时代中国的理论根基。一种理论能否扎根于中华大地，取决于这种理论能否回答中国人民所期待解决的现实问题。实现伟大复兴是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，也是新时代中国人民期待解决的最根本问题。党的二十大报告提出：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”我们党着眼于坚持和发展科学社会主义所提出的原理性理论成果，就是对如何实现中心任务的系统的创造性回答。这些原理性理论成果既饱含科学社会主义理想追求，又汇聚新时代中国共产党人的理论智慧，深刻回答了新时代中国人民期待解决的最根本问题，从而让科学社会主义以活生生的形式呈现在中国人民面前，厚植了科学社会主义扎根中国的思想基础。

Second, it manifests a new form of the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China. Marx and Engels’ exposition of the basic principles of scientific socialism constitutes the original form of scientific socialism, primarily revealing the laws of human social development by which socialism replaces capitalism, as well as scientific predictions about future society. The Party’s innovative theory of the New Era, constructed on the basis of principled theoretical achievements, is a new form of the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China. The subject of innovation for this new theoretical form is the Chinese Communists of the New Era; the theoretical innovation employs Chinese discourse with national characteristics that inherits the excellent traditional Chinese culture; the theory answers the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times that contemporary Chinese Communists are pondering; the theory presents an ideological system including the “Ten Clarifications,” the “Fourteen Perseverances,” the “Thirteen Areas of Achievement,” and the “Six Musts”;[1]1 These are numbered slogans summarizing the core components of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Ten Clarifications” outline the main tenets of the Thought; the “Fourteen Perseverances” are the basic strategies for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics; the “Thirteen Areas of Achievement” summarize historical achievements in the New Era; and the “Six Musts” are methodological requirements for the Thought’s application. the theory reveals the laws of governance by the Communist Party, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of human social development. The series of principled theoretical achievements put forward by our Party in upholding and developing scientific socialism indicates that scientific socialism has already manifested a new theoretical form in contemporary China. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is precisely the scientific socialism of contemporary China and the scientific socialism of the twenty-first century.

第二，展现科学社会主义在当代中国发展的新形态。马克思、恩格斯对科学社会主义基本原理的阐释，构成科学社会主义的原生形态，主要揭示社会主义代替资本主义的人类社会发展规律以及对未来社会的科学预测等。以原理性理论成果为基础而构建的新时代党的创新理论，是科学社会主义在当代中国发展的新形态。理论新形态的创新主体是新时代中国共产党人；理论创新使用的是具有民族特色、传承中华优秀传统文化的中国话语；理论所回答的是当代中国共产党人正在思考的中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问；理论所呈现的是包括“十个明确”“十四个坚持”“十三个方面成就”“六个必须坚持”等在内的思想体系；理论所揭示的是共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律。我们党坚持和发展科学社会主义提出一系列原理性理论成果表明，科学社会主义在当代中国已展现出新的理论形态。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是当代中国的科学社会主义、二十一世纪科学社会主义。

Third, it marks a new height in the development of scientific socialism in the twenty-first century. Marking a new height in the development of scientific socialism is realized in answering the foundational, backbone, guarantee, and forward-looking questions of scientific socialism. Proposing that Party leadership is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics belongs to the foundational questions of scientific socialism; this thesis creatively links Party leadership with the essence of socialism, providing an important yardstick for people to further recognize the essence of socialism. Fully, comprehensively, and accurately implementing the new development philosophy, developing and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and Chinese-path modernization being socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China belong to the backbone questions of scientific socialism; answering these questions highlights the important functions of scientific socialism and provides important ideas for people to understand the superiority of the socialist system under new-era conditions. The Party’s self-revolution belongs to the guarantee questions of scientific socialism, deepening people’s understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party and providing an important perspective for people to understand the intrinsic connection between the Party’s self-building and scientific socialism. Realizing the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is a forward-looking question for the development of scientific socialism, concerning the survival of human civilization and the reproduction and development of future generations, reserving vast space for the enduring vitality of scientific socialism. The creative answers to the above four major questions directly reflect the level of understanding of the basic principles of scientific socialism by the Chinese Communists of the New Era, fully demonstrating the resolve, courage, and wisdom of the Chinese Communists of the New Era in upholding and developing scientific socialism, and bearing on whether scientific socialism can continue to display strong vitality in twenty-first-century China.

第三，标定科学社会主义在21世纪发展的新高度。标定科学社会主义发展的新高度，是在回答科学社会主义的基础性问题、主干性问题、保证性问题、前瞻性问题中实现的。提出党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质特征，属于科学社会主义的基础性问题，这一论断创造性地将党的领导与社会主义本质联系起来，为人们进一步认清社会主义本质提供了重要尺度。全面完整准确贯彻新发展理念、发展和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系治理能力现代化、中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，属于科学社会主义的主干性问题，对这些问题的回答凸显了科学社会主义的重要功能，为人们在新的时代条件下认识社会主义制度优越性提供了重要思路。党的自我革命属于科学社会主义的保证性问题，深化了人们对共产党执政规律的认识，为人们认识党的自身建设与科学社会主义的内在联系提供了重要视角。实现人与自然的和谐共生，是科学社会主义发展的前瞻性问题，事关人类文明的存续、子孙后代的繁衍和发展，为科学社会主义持久展现生命力预留了巨大发展空间。对上述四大问题的创造性回答直接反映新时代中国共产党人对科学社会主义基本原理的认识水平，充分彰显新时代中国共产党人坚持和发展科学社会主义的定力、勇气和智慧，事关科学社会主义能否在21世纪的中国继续展现强大生命力。

Fourth, it opens up new prospects for the development of scientific socialism in the contemporary world. The opening up of these new prospects is realized by scientifically answering the major proposition of how to handle the relationship between socialism and capitalism, and how to develop socialism within a world system dominated by capitalism. In the view of Marx and Engels, socialism must be realized on the premise of burying capitalism. However, since the birth of the world’s first socialist state, how to handle the relationship between the two systems and how to develop socialism in a world where capitalism occupies a dominant position has always been an unresolved problem. The principled theoretical achievements proposed by the Party in the New Era, including building a community with a shared future for mankind, advocate that the two social systems should break free from the traditional thinking and Cold War mentality of “you die, I live” and “you lose, I win,” join hands to build a better world, systematically answer from a new perspective how to handle the relationship between different social systems, and theoretically provide a new answer for the long-term coexistence of socialist states and the capitalist world, thereby opening up broad prospects for the development of socialism in the twenty-first century.

第四，开辟科学社会主义在当代世界发展的新前景。这一新前景的开辟，是通过科学回答如何处理社会主义与资本主义的关系、如何在资本主义占主导的世界体系中发展社会主义这一重大命题来实现的。在马克思、恩格斯看来，社会主义必须在埋葬资本主义的前提下实现。然而，自世界上第一个社会主义国家诞生以来，如何处理两种制度的关系，如何在资本主义占据主导地位的世界上发展社会主义，始终是待解的难题。新时代党提出的包括构建人类命运共同体在内的原理性理论成果，主张两种社会制度跳出“你死我活”“你输我赢”的传统思维和冷战思维，携手共建美好世界，以全新的视野系统回答了如何处理不同社会制度的关系，从理论上给出了社会主义国家与资本主义世界长期共存的新答案，从而为社会主义在21世纪的发展开辟了广阔前景。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has creatively proposed a series of principled theoretical achievements around upholding and developing scientific socialism. These have not only greatly activated the epochal vitality of scientific socialism and consolidated the theoretical foundation for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, but have also powerfully promoted the development of scientific socialism in contemporary China, successfully constructing the theoretical form of scientific socialism in the twenty-first century. Reviewing the history of theoretical development since the birth of scientific socialism, especially in the New Era, reveals that proposing principled theoretical achievements is the necessary path to promoting the formation and development of scientific socialism, and is also a basic law that must be followed in upholding and developing scientific socialism. Upholding and developing scientific socialism is an endless process. On the historical journey of advancing the building of a strong country and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as long as we continuously enrich and develop principled theoretical achievements, scientific socialism will surely be able to continuously open up new realms through upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground.

党的十八大以来，我们党围绕坚持和发展科学社会主义，创造性提出一系列原理性理论成果，不仅极大地激活了科学社会主义的时代生命力，为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想夯实了理论基础，而且有力地推动了科学社会主义在当代中国的发展，成功地构建起21世纪科学社会主义理论形态。回顾科学社会主义诞生尤其是新时代以来的理论发展史可发现，提出原理性理论成果是推动科学社会主义形成和发展的必由之路，也是坚持和发展科学社会主义必须遵循的基本规律。坚持和发展科学社会主义是永无止境的，在推动强国建设、民族复兴的历史进程上，只要不断地丰富和发展原理性理论成果，科学社会主义就一定能够在守正创新中不断开辟新的境界。

(Author: Wang Gonglong, Dean of the School of Marxism, Shanghai Party Institute of the CPC, and President of the Shanghai Marxism Research Association)

（作者：王公龙，中共上海市委党校马克思主义学院院长、上海市马克思主义研究会会长）

Online Editor: Jin Qiu

网络编辑：金秋