Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively Must Adhere to the Systems Conception

On October 29 of this year, in his important speech at the opening ceremony of the special seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC for principal leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era “has provided a solid foundation and valuable experience for further deepening reform comprehensively on the new journey.” The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, proposes to summarize and apply the valuable experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era, and to implement the major principle of the “Six Upholds Musts,” [1]1 The “Six Upholds Musts” (六个必须坚持) refers to the six principles that must be upheld in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era: upholding the Party’s overall leadership, upholding a people-centered development philosophy, upholding reform and opening up, upholding the systems conception, upholding a problem-oriented approach, and upholding the spirit of self-revolution. one of which is adhering to the systems conception. The systems conception is a basic viewpoint of Marxist epistemology and methodology, an important component of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and provides a powerful ideological weapon for people to understand the world, grasp laws, pursue truth, and transform the world. To further deepen reform comprehensively, we must adhere to the systems conception, strengthen systems integration, enhance the overall planning and systematic layout of reform, ensure that reforms in all aspects coordinate with each other and work efficiently together, and push the further comprehensive deepening of reform to a higher level.

今年10月29日，习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上的重要讲话中指出，新时代全面深化改革“为新征程进一步全面深化改革提供了坚实基础和宝贵经验”。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、 推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）提出，总结和运用改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，贯彻“六个必须坚持”重大原则，其中之一是坚持系统观念。系统观念是马克思主义认识论和方法论的基本观点，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论的重要内容，为人们认识世界、把握规律、追求真理、改造世界提供了有力思想武器。进一步全面深化改革，必须坚持系统观念，强化系统集成，加强对改革整体谋划、系统布局，使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效，推动进一步全面深化改革走向更高水平。

I. The Systems Conception Is a Fundamental Thought and Working Method

一、系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The systems conception is a fundamental thought and working method.” The systems conception is an important content of the basic principles of Marxism and an important epistemology and methodology of dialectical materialism. All things are interconnected and interdependent. Only by observing things from the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive system, and development and change can we grasp the laws of the development of things.

习近平总书记指出：“系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。”系统观念是马克思主义基本原理的重要内容，是辩证唯物主义的重要认识论和方法论。万事万物是相互联系、相互依存的。只有用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点观察事物，才能把握事物发展规律。

The systems conception is one of the worldviews and methodologies of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed to grasp well the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to adhere to and apply well the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods of the “Six Upholds Musts” that run through it, the fifth of which is “must uphold the systems conception.” China is a large developing country, still in the primary stage of socialism, undergoing extensive and profound social changes; advancing reform, development, and adjusting interest relations often affect the whole if one part is touched. [2]2 A Chinese idiom (牵一发而动全身) meaning that pulling one hair may move the whole body, used to describe a situation where a small change in one part affects the entire system. Only by adhering to the systems conception can we grasp the relationships between the whole and the part, the present and the long-term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the special and the general; see reality through history and essence through phenomena; only then can we plan the coordination and matching among various reform measures with an overall perspective, promote reforms in all fields and aspects to exert force in the same direction, form synergy, and enhance overall effectiveness; only then can we better focus on systems integration, providing scientific thought and working methods for forward-looking thinking, overall planning, and holistic advancement of the various undertakings of the Party and the state.

系统观念是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论之一。党的二十大报告提出，把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中“六个必须坚持”的立场观点方法，其中第五条是“必须坚持系统观念”。我国是一个发展中大国，仍处于社会主义初级阶段，正在经历广泛而深刻的社会变革，推进改革发展、调整利益关系往往牵一发而动全身。只有坚持系统观念，才能把握全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、特殊和一般的关系，通过历史看现实、透过现象看本质；才能以全局观念谋划各项改革举措之间的协调配套，推动各领域各方面改革同向发力、形成合力，增强整体效能；才能更好注重系统集成，为前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、整体性推进党和国家各项事业提供科学思想和工作方法。

Adhering to the systems conception is a profound summary of the historic achievements and experience of the Party and state’s undertakings. Comrade Deng Xiaoping always designed reform as a systems engineering project, emphasized the comprehensiveness of reform, and focused on the systematic arrangement of reform and opening up. His adherence to “one central task and two basic points,” [3]3 “One central task and two basic points” (一个中心、两个基本点) refers to the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism: taking economic construction as the central task, and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and reform and opening up as the two basic points. “letting some get rich first to help others get rich,” [4]4 “Letting some get rich first to help others get rich” (先富带后富) is a policy approach advocated by Deng Xiaoping, where some regions and individuals are allowed to become prosperous first to drive and help others achieve common prosperity. and “upholding two grasps, both of which must be firm,” [5]5 “Upholding two grasps, both of which must be firm” (坚持两手抓、两手都要硬) refers to Deng Xiaoping’s principle of simultaneously advancing material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, with equal firmness in both. all fully embodied the systems conception. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has coordinated the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, overseen the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, [6]6 The “great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream” (伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想) are four interrelated concepts in Xi Jinping’s political discourse: the great struggle with many new historical features, the great project of Party building, the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the great dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. advanced the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan in a coordinated manner, promoted the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a coordinated way, and coordinated the two major tasks of development and security, driving the Party and state’s undertakings to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “To uphold innovative development, we must both adhere to a comprehensive and systematic viewpoint and grasp the key points, using breakthroughs in important areas and key links to drive the overall situation.” Our Party has used the systems conception and systems methods to comprehensively coordinate and promote work in all fields of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, achieving a transformation of reform from local exploration and ice-breaking breakthroughs to systems integration and comprehensive deepening, propelling China onto a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

坚持系统观念是党和国家事业取得历史性成就和经验的深刻总结。邓小平同志始终将改革作为系统工程来设计，强调改革的全面性，注重对改革开放进行系统性安排，坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”、“先富带后富”、“坚持两手抓、两手都要硬”等，都充分体现了系统观念。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，统揽伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，统筹发展和安全两件大事，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。习近平总书记强调：“坚持创新发展，既要坚持全面系统的观点，又要抓住关键，以重要领域和关键环节的突破带动全局。”我们党运用系统观念和系统方法全面统筹、协调推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设各领域工作，实现了改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，推动我国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。

Adhering to the systems conception is an inevitable requirement for planning and promoting the implementation of all tasks of comprehensively deepening reform. The current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Facing the complex and changing international and domestic situations, facing the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and facing the new expectations of the people, studying and implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC must adhere to the systems conception, take economic system reform as the driving force, take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people’s welfare as the starting point and ultimate goal, pay more attention to systems integration, pay more attention to highlighting key points, pay more attention to reform effectiveness, and promote better adaptation between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, providing strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Piecemeal adjustments won’t work, nor will fragmented repairs; it must be a comprehensive and systematic reform and improvement, a linkage and integration of reforms and improvements in all fields.” Only by adhering to the systems conception can we enhance the overall effect of reform measures, avoid each going its own way and hindering each other, and provide strong impetus for Chinese-path modernization.

坚持系统观念是谋划和推进全面深化改革各项任务落实的必然要求。当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，面对人民群众新期待，学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神，必须坚持系统观念，以经济体制改革为牵引，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。习近平总书记强调：“零敲碎打调整不行，碎片化修补也不行，必须是全面的系统的改革和改进，是各领域改革和改进的联动和集成。” 唯有坚持系统观念，才能提升改革措施的整体效果，避免各行其是、相互掣肘，为中国式现代化提供强大动力。

II. Adhering to the Systems Conception in Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively Requires Handling Some Major Relationships

二、在进一步全面深化改革中坚持系统观念，需处理好一些重大关系

The comprehensive deepening of reform is a profound and comprehensive social transformation, and also a complex systems engineering project. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that reform requires scientific methods and handling relationships in all aspects. The “Decision” proposes: “Handle well the major relationships between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and development and security.” To accomplish the Party’s mission and tasks on the new journey of the New Era, we must adhere to the systems conception, handle several major relationships, and promote the steady and long-term advancement of Chinese-path modernization.

全面深化改革是一场深刻而全面的社会变革，也是一项复杂的系统工程。习近平总书记指出，改革需要讲求科学方法，处理好方方面面的关系。《决定》提出：要“处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系”。完成好新时代新征程党的使命任务，必须坚持系统观念，处理好若干重大关系，推动中国式现代化行稳致远。

Handle the relationship between economy and society. Economic development is the foundation of social development, and social stability is the prerequisite for economic development. To handle the relationship between economy and society, we must, on the basis of grasping the dialectical relationship between economy and society, base ourselves on the actual development situation, and focus on coordinating the two to advance in tandem and develop together. At the current stage, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. We must always focus on economic construction as the central task and high-quality development as the primary task, make deepening economic system reform the focus of further deepening reform comprehensively, insist on ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods through development, continuously meet the people’s aspirations for a better life, and achieve benign interaction and coordinated development between the two. Focus on high-quality development as the primary task, improve the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, promote benign interaction between the macroeconomic governance system and the people’s livelihood system, and maintain consistency between the orientation of macroeconomic policies and the guarantee of people’s livelihood construction. We must both continuously use high-quality economic development to solve the people’s interest issues and satisfy their aspirations for a better life, and use the stability, durability, and supportiveness of social development to assist the security, collaboration, and innovation of high-quality economic development, achieving the simultaneous resonance of economic development and social stability.

处理好经济和社会的关系。经济发展是社会发展的基础，社会保持稳定是经济发展的前提。处理好经济和社会的关系，要在把握经济和社会的辩证关系基础上，立足发展实际，着力统筹好经济和社会二者协同并进、共同发展。现阶段，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。要始终聚焦经济建设这一中心工作和高质量发展这一首要任务，把深化经济体制改革作为进一步全面深化改革的重点，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往，实现二者的良性互动、协调发展。聚焦高质量发展这个首要任务，健全推动经济高质量发展的体制机制，推进宏观经济治理体系与民生制度体系良性互动，保持宏观政策取向与保障民生建设的一致性。既要不断以经济高质量发展解决人民群众的利益问题、满足人民群众对美好生活向往，又要以社会发展的稳定性、持久性、支撑性，来助力经济高质量发展的安全性、协作性、创新性，实现经济发展和社会稳定同频共振。

Handle the relationship between the government and the market. The roles of the government and the market in resource allocation and economic and social development are like the two wheels of a cart or the two wings of a bird — neither can be neglected. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “On the issue of the role of the market and the role of the government, we must apply dialectics and the theory of two points; both the ‘invisible hand’ and the ‘visible hand’ must be used well, striving to form a pattern in which the market role and the government role are organically unified, mutually complementary, mutually coordinated, and mutually reinforcing, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic and social development.” Handle the relationship between the government and the market so that it is both “able to let go and enliven” and “able to control and manage.” Adhere to the direction of reform toward a socialist market economy, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, achieve optimization of resource allocation efficiency and maximization of benefits, release the vitality of market entities, and give full play to the role of the market and the law of value. At the same time, better play the role of the government, better maintain market order and remedy market failures, strengthen scientific macro-control, maintain macroeconomic stability, smooth the circulation of the national economy, stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society, and further build a high-level socialist market economy system.

处理好政府和市场的关系。政府和市场在资源配置和经济社会发展中的作用，犹如车之双轮、鸟之两翼，不可偏废。习近平总书记指出，“在市场作用和政府作用的问题上，要讲辩证法、两点论，‘看不见的手’和‘看得见的手’都要用好，努力形成市场作用和政府作用有机统一、相互补充、相互协调、相互促进的格局，推动经济社会持续健康发展”。处理好政府和市场的关系，既“放得活”又“管得住”。坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，释放市场主体活力，充分发挥市场与价值规律作用。同时，更好发挥政府作用，更好维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，加强科学宏观调控，保持宏观经济稳定，畅通国民经济循环，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力，进一步构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。

Handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The improvement of efficiency must take fairness as its premise, and fairness must be built on the foundation of efficiency; efficiency and fairness are mutually conditional and mutually reinforcing. It must always be ensured that efficiency and fairness complement each other and are organically unified. A reform that only emphasizes fairness without efficiency, or only emphasizes efficiency without fairness, will achieve little and be unsustainable. Chinese-path modernization must both create higher efficiency than capitalism and more effectively safeguard social fairness. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [7]7 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization. focuses on empowering and enhancing efficiency through resource allocation efficiency, productive forces efficiency, innovation system efficiency, urban-rural integration efficiency, and opening-up efficiency, while at the same time improving people’s livelihoods through fairness in distribution systems, fairness in market competition, fairness in rule-of-law guarantees, and fairness in social security, achieving a dynamic balance and positive interaction between efficiency and fairness in the course of further deepening reform comprehensively. Under the premise of efficient resource allocation, make every effort to promote the smooth flow of production factors, the release of market potential, the shaping of growth drivers, and the integration of economic systems; promote quality change through efficiency change and driving-force change; further enhance the quality and benefits of development; strengthen public-welfare, basic, and safety-net livelihood construction; and find the “optimal solution” for achieving both efficiency improvement and fairness and justice.

处理好效率和公平的关系。效率的提高要以公平为前提，公平要建立在效率基础上，效率和公平互为条件、相互促进。要始终确保效率和公平是相得益彰、有机统一的，只重公平不重效率，或只重效率没有公平的改革是收效甚微、难以持续的。中国式现代化既要创造比资本主义更高的效率，又要更有效地维护社会公平。党的二十届三中全会注重以资源配置效率、生产力效率、创新体系效率、城乡融合效率、对外开放效率等赋能增效，同时以分配制度公平、市场竞争公平、法治保障公平、社会保障公平等改善民生，在进一步全面深化改革中实现效率和公平的动态平衡、良性互动。在资源高效配置的前提下，着力推进生产要素畅通、市场潜力释放、增长动能塑造、经济体制融合，以效率变革、动力变革促进质量变革，进一步提升发展的质量效益，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，找到实现效率提升和公平正义的“最优解”。

Handle the relationship between vitality and order. Good social order is the prerequisite and guarantee for the bursting forth of social vitality, and the bursting forth of social vitality will in turn further promote the formation of good social order. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Chinese-path modernization should and can achieve a dynamic balance of being lively without chaos, active yet orderly.” Further deepening reform comprehensively must handle the relationship between vitality and order, adhere to systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, maintain social stability, and at the same time fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the people, so that the vitality of innovation and creation fully surges and competes to burst forth, creating a stable, orderly, and vibrant social environment for further deepening reform comprehensively. Adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and to establishing the new while abolishing the old; further promote the organic unity of social development and social governance; strive to break through traditional reform concepts; promote the full release of reform vitality; and enhance the new driving forces of reform. Pay attention both to the forward-driving force of social development and the life vitality of the social organism, and to maintaining the orderliness and stability of social operation, striving to achieve consistency and coordination between orderly social operation and the competitive bursting forth of vitality in the course of reform.

处理好活力和秩序的关系。良好的社会秩序是社会活力迸发的前提和保障，社会活力的迸发则会进一步促进形成良好的社会秩序。习近平总书记指出：“中国式现代化应当而且能够实现活而不乱、活跃有序的动态平衡。”进一步全面深化改革要处理好活力和秩序的关系，坚持系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理，维护社会稳定，同时充分调动人民群众的积极性、主动性、创造性，让创新创造的活力充分涌流、竞相迸发，为进一步全面深化改革创造安定有序又充满活力的社会环境。坚持守正创新、立破并举，进一步推进社会发展与社会治理的有机统一，努力突破传统改革观念，促进改革活力全面释放，增强改革新动能。既注重社会发展的前进动力、社会有机体的生命活力，又保持社会运行的秩序性稳定性，努力在改革中实现社会有序运行与活力竞相迸发相一致、相协调。

Handle the relationship between development and security. Development and security are the two wings of one body; security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee of security. Only by advancing both simultaneously can long-term national stability and sustainable development be achieved. High-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects, while national security is an important foundation for the steady and sustained progress of Chinese-path modernization. The two must form a linkage, promote each other, and effectively ensure long-term national stability. Fully implement the holistic approach to national security, promote the modernization of the national security system and capacity on the basis of achieving a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and adhere to giving equal weight to development and security. Adhere to guiding reform with the new development concept, smoothing reform with the new development pattern, improving the incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and shaping new drivers and new advantages for development. Improve the national security system, enhance the capacity to safeguard national security, and firmly safeguard political security, system security, ideological security, and security in key areas. Coordinate development and security, adhere to giving equal weight to development and security, and promote the achievement of a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

处理好发展和安全的关系。发展和安全是一体之两翼，安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障，只有二者同步推进，才能实现国家长治久安和可持续发展。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，而国家安全是中国式现代化行稳致远的重要基础，二者必须形成联动、互促共进，切实保障国家长治久安。要全面贯彻总体国家安全观，在实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动的基础上推进国家安全体系与能力现代化，坚持发展与安全并重。坚持以新发展理念引领改革、以新发展格局畅通改革，完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，塑造发展新动能新优势。健全国家安全体系，增强维护国家安全能力，坚定维护国家政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全和重点领域安全。统筹发展和安全，坚持发展和安全并重，推动实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。

III. In further deepening reform comprehensively, adhering to the systems concept requires enhancing the systemic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform

三、在进一步全面深化改革中坚持系统观念，要增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性

Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project that requires overall consideration, systematic planning, and holistic promotion. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC points out that adhering to the systems concept requires “enhancing the systemic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform,” which provides the basic guideline for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程，需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进。党的二十届三中全会指出，坚持系统观念要“增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性”，这为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化提供了基本遵循。

Enhance the systemic nature of reform. Further deepening reform comprehensively is a profound and all-round transformation; it must focus on the comprehensiveness and coupling of institutional mechanisms in various fields. It must neither favor one over another nor attend to one thing while neglecting another. It must always adhere to the systems concept and overall thinking, and pay more attention to the systemic integration and scientific planning of reform and opening up. To enhance the systemic nature of reform, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity for systems thinking, regard reform and opening up as an interacting and linked system, proceed from the logical relationship between the system and its elements, coordinate the construction of various fields, various resource elements, and various standard systems in the process of reform and opening up, and adhere to using systems science, systems thinking, and systems methods to study and resolve major issues in further deepening reform comprehensively. Coordinate the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan [8]8 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan refers to China’s overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, covering economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy [9]9 The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy refers to comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party., promote further deepening reform comprehensively in an all-round, whole-chain, and whole-process manner, focus on taking multiple measures simultaneously and systematic governance, actively promote a healthy economic environment, and establish multiple mechanisms for long-term internal stability. Actively coordinate the relationship between the central and local authorities, adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over further deepening reform comprehensively, coordinate the efforts of the whole country like pieces on a chessboard, and better promote the systemic reshaping of reform.

增强改革系统性。进一步全面深化改革是一场全面深刻的变革，必须注重各领域体制机制发展的全面性与耦合性，既不能厚此薄彼，也不能顾此失彼，要始终坚持系统观念与全局思维，更加注重改革开放的系统集成与科学谋划。增强改革的系统性，必须增强系统思维能力，将改革开放视为一个相互作用、联动的系统，从系统与要素的关系逻辑出发，统筹改革开放进程中各领域建设、各资源要素、各标准体系，坚持以系统科学、系统思维、系统方法研究和解决进一步全面深化改革中的重大问题。统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，全方位、全链条、全过程地推进进一步全面深化改革，注重多措并举、系统治理，积极促进经济环境健康发展，建立多重内在稳定性长效机制。积极协调中央与地方的关系，坚持党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导，下好全国一盘棋，更好地推进改革系统性重塑。

Enhance the holistic nature of reform. The reform of institutional mechanisms in various fields is aimed at enhancing the overall effectiveness of further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination and matching of various reform measures, continuously promote the concerted efforts of reform measures in various fields and aspects, and advance holistic restructuring. After completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, China has embarked on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects, but the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development remains prominent, and contradictions in economic and social development are complex and intertwined. It is necessary to adhere to the systems concept to plan and resolve them, and optimize the holistic layout of reform. To enhance the holistic nature of reform, it is necessary to focus on the balanced nature of reform, correctly grasp the relationship between the whole and the parts, give priority to resolving the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, both take care of local development in the overall advancement and strengthen the development of an integrated reform system, and at the same time drive the overall leap forward with key local areas, adhering to the key role of highlighting priorities. Focus on building a high-level socialist market economy system, developing whole-process people’s democracy, building a socialist cultural power, improving the quality of life of the people, building a beautiful China, building a safe China, and improving the Party’s level of leadership and long-term governance capacity; deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms in various fields; and continuously gather the mighty force for holistically advancing reform and opening up.

增强改革整体性。各领域体制机制改革是为了增强进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的整体效能。要加强各项改革举措协调配套，不断推动各领域、各方面改革举措同向发力，推进整体性重构。我国在全面建成小康社会之后，开启了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，但发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出，经济社会发展中矛盾错综复杂，必须坚持系统观念加以谋划和解决，优化改革整体性布局。增强改革整体性，必须注重改革的平衡性，正确把握整体与局部的关系，优先解决主要矛盾与矛盾的主要方面，既要在全局推进中照顾局部发展，强化一体化改革体系发展，又要以局部重点带动整体跃升，坚持重点突出的关键作用。要聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、发展全过程人民民主、建设社会主义文化强国、提高人民生活品质、建设美丽中国、建设平安中国、提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力等，深化各领域体制机制改革，不断聚合起整体性推进改革开放的磅礴力量。

Strengthen the synergy of reform. Synergy is an inherent requirement for adhering to the systemic perspective in further deepening reform comprehensively, and it is even more crucial to the systemic and holistic effect of reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The deeper the reform goes, the more attention must be paid to synergy — not only synergy in reform plans, but also synergy in reform implementation, and even more so synergy in reform outcomes — so that various reform measures coordinate with each other in policy orientation, promote each other in the process of implementation, and complement each other in reform effectiveness, focusing and exerting force toward the overall goal of deepening reform comprehensively.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, speech at the 38th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, December 5, 2017. We must pay attention to the synergy of institutions and mechanisms in various fields, continuously strengthen the coordination and matching of reforms across different areas, promote the simultaneous exertion of force by various reform measures, smooth the linkage and coordination of regional development, further deepen reform comprehensively around advancing Chinese-path modernization, and strive to promote benign interaction and synergistic development in such areas as the high-level socialist market economy system, the institutions and mechanisms for high-quality economic development, the institutions and mechanisms for comprehensive innovation, the macroeconomic governance system, the institutions and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development, the institutions and mechanisms for high-level opening up, the system of whole-process people’s democracy, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, the cultural institutions and mechanisms, the livelihood security system, the ecological civilization system, the modernization of the national security system and capacity, national defense and military reform, and the level of Party leadership — to play a “combined punch” in reform, fully grasp the rhythm and efficiency of reform, and blaze a new path of reform and opening up that unites hearts and minds and forges ahead with determination.

增强改革协同性。协同性是坚持以系统观念进一步全面深化改革的内在要求，更关乎改革系统性、整体性的效果。习近平总书记指出:“改革越深入，越要注意协同，既抓改革方案协同，也抓改革落实协同，更抓改革效果协同，促进各项改革举措在政策取向上相互配合、在实施过程中相互促进、在改革成效上相得益彰，朝着全面深化改革总目标聚焦发力。”我们要注重各领域体制机制的协同性，不断加强各领域改革协调配套，推动各项改革举措同向发力，畅通区域发展联动协调，围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革，着力推动高水平社会主义市场经济体制、经济高质量发展体制机制、全面创新体制机制、宏观经济治理体系、城乡融合发展体制机制、高水平对外开放体制机制、全过程人民民主制度体系、中国特色社会主义法治体系、文化体制机制、民生制度体系、生态文明体制、国家安全体系与能力现代化、国防和军队改革以及党的领导水平等领域的良性互动、协同发展，打好改革“组合拳”，充分把握改革的节奏和效率，走出一条凝心聚力、奋发进取的改革开放新路。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗