The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Economy and Society

Artificial intelligence is the product of the deep integration of modern information technology with the socio-economic system, and it is changing our way of life, mode of production, and methods of governance at an astonishing pace. From generative AI such as ChatGPT to industrial robots and autonomous driving technology, the innovative achievements of AI have not only driven technological breakthroughs but have also had a profound impact on global economic growth. According to projections, over the next ten years generative AI will boost global gross domestic product by 7%, equivalent to nearly 7 trillion US dollars. This wave of technology is transforming social structures, economic forms, and the future direction of human development. However, accompanying this transformation are also ethical challenges and social risks. In his video speech at the opening ceremony of the 2023 World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit, President Xi Jinping pointed out: “We need to properly address the conflicts of rules, social risks, and ethical challenges brought about by technological development. China is ready to work with all parties to implement the Global AI Governance Initiative and promote the safe development of AI.” A profound understanding of how AI technology development empowers industries and impacts the economy and society, as well as an accurate grasp of issues related to AI ethics and governance, are of great significance for accelerating the building of a leading power in science and technology, promoting high-quality development with new quality productive forces, and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

人工智能是现代信息技术与社会经济系统深度融合的产物，正在以惊人的速度改变我们的生活方式、生产方式和治理方式。从ChatGPT等生成式人工智能到工业机器人、自动驾驶技术，人工智能的创新成果不仅推动了技术突破，也对全球经济增长产生了深远影响。据预测，未来10年生成式人工智能将助推全球的国内生产总值增长7%，约合近7万亿美元。这一技术浪潮正在改变社会结构、经济形态及人类未来发展方向。然而，与这一变革相伴的，还有伦理挑战和社会风险。习近平主席向2023年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会开幕式发表视频致辞时指出：“妥善应对科技发展带来的规则冲突、社会风险、伦理挑战。中方愿同各方携手落实《全球人工智能治理倡议》，促进人工智能安全发展。”深刻理解人工智能技术发展对行业的赋能以及对经济社会的影响，并准确把握人工智能伦理与治理等方面的问题，对于加快建成科技强国、以新质生产力推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化都具有重要意义。

AI Technology and Industrial Development

人工智能技术与产业发展

AI technology can be broadly divided into three levels: perceptual intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and creative intelligence. Perceptual intelligence focuses on imitating human sensory abilities such as vision and hearing, and is widely used in fields like facial recognition and voice assistants. Cognitive intelligence goes a step further, using natural language processing and machine learning technologies to achieve data analysis and reasoning-based decision-making. Creative intelligence, meanwhile, has the potential to simulate and surpass human creativity; generative AI belongs to this category. The coordinated development of these three levels of technology has laid the foundation for the application of AI in multiple fields.

人工智能技术大致可分为感知智能、认知智能和创造智能三个层次。感知智能专注于模仿人类的视觉、听觉等感官能力，广泛应用于人脸识别、语音助手等领域。认知智能更进一步，通过自然语言处理和机器学习技术实现数据分析与推理决策。而创造智能则具有模拟和超越人类创造力的潜力，生成式人工智能就属于创造智能。这三个层次技术的协调发展，为人工智能在多个领域的落地奠定了基础。

According to the structure of the industrial chain, AI technology can also be divided into three categories: the foundational layer, the technical layer, and the application layer. The foundational layer is the technical basis of AI, providing basic data, computing power, algorithms, and hardware. This includes both hardware such as chips and sensors, and software such as cloud computing and big data platforms. The technical layer refers to applied technologies with different functions; it is a collection of foundational-layer technologies that constitute specific AI functions. Examples include computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, and large language models. The application layer consists of various products and services developed using AI technology in specific application fields or scenarios, as well as the commercial AI solutions provided. Examples include robots, drones, autonomous driving, personalized recommendation services, smart education, smart healthcare, smart city services, and smart finance. AI enterprises located on the industrial chain at these three levels are all important; there is no hierarchy among them. With the rapid progress of AI technology, the global AI industrial chain is gradually being perfected.

人工智能技术根据产业链格局，还可分为基础层、技术层、应用层三类。基础层是人工智能的技术基础，提供基本的数据、算力、算法和硬件，既包括芯片、传感器等硬件，也包括云计算和大数据平台等软件。技术层是指具有不同功能的应用技术，是构成人工智能特定功能的基础层技术的集合。例如计算机视觉、语音识别、自然语言处理、大语言模型等。应用层是在特定应用领域或场景中利用人工智能技术开发的各类产品和服务、提供的商业化人工智能解决方案。比如机器人、无人机、自动驾驶、个性化推送服务、智慧教育、智慧医疗、智慧城市服务、智慧金融等。处于这三个层次所属的产业链上的人工智能企业都很重要，没有高低之分。随着人工智能技术快速进步，全球人工智能产业链逐步完善。

The research, development, and application of AI in China are showing an accelerating development trend. It is currently widely believed that China’s technological R&D capability at the foundational layer of AI is not yet the most advanced, but its technological development at the application layer holds a considerable advantage in the world. From basic hardware (such as high-performance computing chips) to core algorithms, and then to intelligent terminal products (such as robots and autonomous vehicles), every link is developing rapidly. Supported by technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, and big data, AI is becoming one of the core areas of global technological competition. In recent years, China has vigorously promoted the research and industrial application of AI, achieving significant progress, particularly in algorithm optimization and large-scale data processing, where it holds a globally leading position. China possesses world-leading AI enterprises, and these enterprises have conducted a number of cutting-edge experiments in fields such as autonomous driving and medical AI.

我国人工智能的研发与应用呈现出加速发展态势。目前普遍认为，中国在人工智能基础层的技术研发能力还不是最领先的，但应用层的技术开发在世界上占有较大优势。从基础硬件（如高性能计算芯片）到核心算法，再到智能终端产品（如机器人、自动驾驶汽车等），每个环节都在快速发展。基于5G、云计算、大数据等技术的支持，人工智能正在成为全球科技竞争的核心领域之一。近年来，我国大力推动人工智能的研究和产业化应用，取得了长足进展，特别是在算法优化和大规模数据处理方面处于全球领先地位。我国拥有世界领先的人工智能企业，这些企业在自动驾驶、医疗人工智能等领域开展了多项前沿试验。

China’s vast manufacturing volume has given birth to the world’s largest consumer market for industrial robots. The *World Robotics Report 2024* released by the International Federation of Robotics shows that the total global stock of industrial robots in 2023 was approximately 4.282 million units, an increase of 10% compared to 2022, and the service robot market continues to grow. The latest data from the statistics website Statista projects that global robot market revenue will reach 46.11 billion US dollars in 2024. Service robots dominate the market, with an expected market size of 36.2 billion US dollars in 2024, projected to reach 73.01 billion US dollars by 2029. China is not only the world’s largest robot market but is also continuously upgrading its robot industry chain, with the potential to occupy a leading position in the global robot industry. In the industrial sector, China’s industrial robot market is already quite mature. The application of robot technology has become an important tool for improving production efficiency, with over 50% of robots used in the automotive manufacturing sector. Robots have played a huge role in replacing manual labor and enhancing production efficiency, especially in high-end manufacturing, where their degree of automation has significantly boosted productivity. In addition, new types of robots, such as specialized robots and service robots, have also achieved breakthroughs globally. With a surge in demand for service robots such as contactless delivery and emotional companionship, the adoption of non-industrial robots is accelerating.

我国庞大的制造业体量孕育出全球规模最大的工业机器人消费市场。国际机器人联合会发布的《2024世界机器人报告》显示，2023年全球工业机器人总保有量约428.2万台，较2022年增长10%，服务机器人市场持续增长。数据统计网站Statista的最新数据预计，2024年机器人市场营收将达到461.1亿美元。服务机器人占据市场主导地位，预计2024年市场规模将达到362亿美元，2029年将达到730.1亿美元。我国不仅是全球最大的机器人市场，同时也在不断推进机器人产业链升级，在全球机器人产业中有望占据领先地位。在工业领域，我国的工业机器人市场已经相当成熟。机器人技术应用已经成为提升生产效率的重要工具，超过50%的机器人应用于汽车制造领域。机器人在替代人工劳动、提高生产效率方面发挥了巨大作用，尤其是在高端制造业中，其自动化程度显著提高了生产力。此外，特种机器人、服务机器人等新型机器人也在全球范围内取得突破。随着无接触配送、情感陪护等服务机器人需求暴增，非工业领域机器人加速普及。

AI Empowers Various Industries and Promotes Industrial Structural Adjustment

人工智能赋能各行业并促进产业结构调整

AI provides a powerful driving force for economic development and social progress, enabling various industries to operate at a higher speed, and is rapidly changing the industrial structure.

人工智能提供了经济发展和社会进步的强大动力，赋能各行各业更加高速地运转，并正在迅速改变产业结构。

Promoting industrial upgrading and structural adjustment. AI will drive rapid industrial upgrading and promote profound adjustments in industrial structure. On the one hand, it accelerates the development of high-tech industries, the service sector, and emerging industries, such as AI, data science, and quantum computing. On the other hand, traditional manufacturing, low-skilled service industries, and other labor-intensive sectors face challenges from AI, with their market share gradually decreasing. The industrial structural transformation driven by AI not only changes the global pattern of production and consumption but also promotes the formation of new economic forms. AI technology is causing the global economy to rely more on intelligent services, knowledge-intensive industries, and digital platforms, further promoting the high-end, intelligent, and information-based development of the global economy.

促进产业升级与结构调整。人工智能将推动产业快速升级并促进产业结构深刻调整。一方面，它促进了高科技产业、服务业和新兴行业快速发展，例如人工智能、数据科学、量子计算等行业。另一方面，传统制造业、低技能服务业等劳动密集型行业面临着人工智能的挑战，市场份额逐渐减少。人工智能推动的产业结构转型，不仅改变了全球生产和消费的格局，也推动了新型经济形态的形成。人工智能技术促使全球经济更加依赖智能化服务、知识密集型产业和数字化平台，进一步促进了全球经济的高端化、智能化和信息化。

Triggering changes in industry and the service sector. The automation upgrade in the industrial field is one of the most significant achievements of AI. By deploying AI-driven production lines and intelligent inspection systems, the efficiency and product quality of the manufacturing industry have been significantly improved. Furthermore, AI plays a key role in service sectors such as logistics, retail, and healthcare. For example, logistics companies using drone delivery and intelligent warehousing systems have substantially reduced operating costs. Service robots are also making their mark in hotel management, healthcare, customer service, and other areas. This broad empowerment of industries not only improves service quality but also generates many new types of employment opportunities.

引发工业与服务业变革。工业领域的自动化升级是人工智能最显著的成果之一。通过部署人工智能驱动的生产线和智能检测系统，制造业的效率和产品质量得到了显著提升。此外，人工智能还在物流、零售、医疗等服务领域发挥着关键作用。例如，物流公司采用无人机配送、智能仓储系统，大幅降低了运营成本。服务机器人也在酒店管理、健康护理、客户服务等方面崭露头角。这种广泛的行业赋能，不仅提升了服务质量，还催生了诸多新型就业机会。

AI empowers the construction of smart cities. Building smart cities is inseparable from the support of AI technology. In the field of traffic management, intelligent signal systems and autonomous driving technology improve the flow and safety of urban traffic. In urban governance, AI big data analysis helps governments predict and respond to social risks more accurately. Additionally, intelligent public service platforms provide convenience for residents, such as online medical appointments, remote diagnosis and treatment, and distance education.

人工智能赋能智慧城市建设。建设智慧城市离不开人工智能技术支持。在交通管理领域，智能信号系统和无人驾驶技术提高了城市交通的流动性和安全性。在城市治理中，人工智能大数据分析帮助政府更精准地预测和应对社会风险。此外，智能公共服务平台为居民提供了便利，例如在线医疗预约、远程诊疗和远程教育等。

Promoting innovation in energy and information technology. In the energy sector, AI provides technical support for the development of nuclear fusion and smart grids. For example, a foreign research team trained a deep reinforcement learning algorithm and successfully controlled the superheated plasma inside a nuclear fusion reactor, while the combination of quantum computing and AI is considered a driving force for the next information revolution. These technological breakthroughs may fundamentally change the future landscape of energy supply and information processing.

促进能源与信息技术创新。在能源领域，人工智能为核聚变和智能电网的发展提供了技术支撑。例如，国外有研究团队训练了一种深度强化学习算法并成功控制了核聚变反应堆内过热的等离子体，而量子计算与人工智能的结合则被认为是下一次信息革命的驱动力。这些技术突破可能彻底改变能源供给和信息处理的未来格局。

The form of economic globalization will be redefined. In the context of globalization, artificial intelligence technology has led to a redistribution of value between capital and labor. Four new changes have emerged in the field of distribution: the polarization of returns to capital and labor factors, the widening income gap between high-skilled workers and ordinary laborers, the polarization of profits between large intelligent enterprises and general enterprises, and the deepening of the intelligence divide between central and peripheral countries in the international economic system. Artificial intelligence has driven the automation and unmanned operation of global industrial chains, giving rise to a new form of economic globalization — technology-driven globalization.

经济全球化形态将被重新定义。在全球化背景下，人工智能技术导致了价值在资本和劳动之间的重新分配。分配领域出现4个方面的新变化：资本与劳动要素报酬分配的两极化、高技能劳动者与普通劳工之间收入差距的扩大化、大型智能企业和一般企业之间利润收入的两极化以及国际经济体系中心国家与外围国家之间智能鸿沟的深化。人工智能推动了全球产业链的自动化和无人化，带来了新的经济全球化形态——技术驱动型全球化。

Artificial intelligence will reshape social structure

人工智能将重塑社会结构

People worry that while artificial intelligence empowers industrial development, its large-scale replacement of human labor will produce labor market differentiation and social inequality, along with the consequent differentiation of related social structures.

人们担心人工智能在赋能产业发展的同时，人工智能大规模代替人力会产生劳动力市场分化和社会不平等问题，以及随之而来的相关社会结构分化问题。

Causing social differentiation. Artificial intelligence has the most direct impact on the labor market. The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence has produced two major effects on traditional labor markets: first, highly repetitive positions are being replaced by automation technology; second, demand for high-skilled positions is increasing. Taking manufacturing as an example, automated production lines controlled by artificial intelligence have reduced demand for physical labor while increasing demand for advanced skilled personnel such as data analysts and programming maintenance specialists. This trend is driving the adjustment of employment structures and also placing urgent demands on workers’ re-education and skill upgrading. In the future, the reduction of low-skilled positions and the increase in high-skilled positions will lead to obvious structural adjustments in the labor market. The income and employment opportunities of low-skilled workers are being compressed, and some groups face the problem of skills becoming obsolete; for high-skilled talent, the proliferation of artificial intelligence technology provides more employment opportunities and higher remuneration. In the capital market, the market value of individual artificial intelligence concept stocks continues to soar, repeatedly hitting new highs, which also reflects the further polarization of wealth distribution. In addition, the proliferation of artificial intelligence and digital technology requires workers to possess new skills, while the uneven distribution of global educational resources means that many people in low-income countries and regions cannot access artificial intelligence-related education and training. Even in some developed countries, there are problems of uneven resource allocation within the education system, making it difficult for children in poor areas and poor families to access high-quality artificial intelligence education resources, further deepening social inequality.

导致社会发生分化。人工智能对劳动力市场的影响最为直接。人工智能的迅速普及对传统劳动力市场产生了两大影响：一是重复性强的岗位正被自动化技术取代，二是高技能岗位需求增加。以制造业为例，人工智能控制的自动化生产线减少了对体力劳动的需求，同时增加了对数据分析、编程维护等高级技能人才的需求。这种趋势推动了就业结构调整，也对劳动者的再教育和技能提升提出了迫切需求。未来，低技能岗位的减少、高技能岗位的增加将导致劳动力市场出现明显的结构性调整。低技能工人的收入和就业机会受到压缩，部分人群面临技能过时的问题；而对于高技能人才来说，人工智能技术的普及为他们提供了更多的就业机会和更高的薪酬。在资本市场中，个别人工智能概念股企业市值不断飙升，屡创新高，也反映了财富分配进一步分化的现象。此外，人工智能和数字化技术的普及要求劳动者具备新的技能，而全球教育资源的不均衡使得很多低收入国家和地区的人群无法接受人工智能相关的教育培训。即使在一些发达国家，教育体制内也存在着资源分配不均的问题，贫困地区和贫困家庭的孩子难以接触到高质量的人工智能教育资源，导致社会不平等进一步加深。

Restructuring social power structures and political ecosystems. The rapid development of artificial intelligence is profoundly changing social power structures and political ecosystems. On the one hand, the social power of ordinary people has been significantly enhanced. Taking elections in Western countries as an example, candidates from all sides have introduced artificial intelligence and social media teams, using big data to analyze voter preferences and precisely push campaign information. This practice appears to be an active accommodation and respect for the social power of the people. On the other hand, however, the personalized information push based on artificial intelligence, while enhancing public participation and influence, also intensifies the “information cocoon” effect. Voters are surrounded by a flood of customized information, gradually losing opportunities to access diverse viewpoints, and the division and polarization of political ideology are becoming increasingly serious. This “information cocoon” effect not only limits the political horizons of the people but also seriously affects the restoration and healthy development of the political ecosystem. Political dialogue is becoming increasingly sharp and confrontational, consensus is difficult to reach, and policy formulation and implementation therefore face many challenges.

重构社会权力结构和政治生态。人工智能的迅猛发展正深刻改变着社会权力结构与政治生态。一方面，普通民众的社会权力得到了显著提升。以西方国家的选举为例，各方候选人纷纷引入人工智能和社交媒体团队，利用大数据分析选民偏好，精准推送竞选信息。这一做法看似是对民众社会权力的积极迎合与尊重。然而另一方面，基于人工智能的个性化信息推送在提升民众参与度与影响力的同时，也加剧了“信息茧房”效应。选民们被海量的定制化信息包围，逐渐失去了接触多元观点的机会，政治意识形态的分裂与极化现象日益严重。这种“信息茧房”效应不仅限制了民众的政治视野，还严重影响了政治生态的修复与健康发展。政治对话变得愈发尖锐与对立，共识难以达成，政策制定与执行也因此面临诸多挑战。

Promoting the transformation of government social governance methods. Artificial intelligence technology will profoundly affect the relationship between the state and society. The intelligent governance model of government centered on data and algorithms is gradually replacing traditional manual management methods, and social governance is becoming more efficient and precise due to the empowerment of artificial intelligence technology. But at the same time, society also faces potential risks such as technology abuse and privacy leakage. For example, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of public security has improved the efficiency of cracking down on illegal and criminal activities, but further exploration is still needed on how to balance privacy protection and social security.

促进政府社会治理方式转型。人工智能技术将深刻影响国家与社会的关系。以数据和算法为核心的政府智能治理模式正在逐步取代传统的人工管理方式，社会治理因人工智能技术赋能而更加高效精准。但与此同时，社会也面临着技术滥用、隐私泄露等潜在风险。例如，人工智能在公安领域的应用，提高了打击违法犯罪的效率，但仍需进一步探索如何平衡隐私保护与社会安全。

Driving global labor and talent mobility. The impact of artificial intelligence on social structure not only affects the social structure of individual countries but also has a profound impact on the global labor market and talent mobility. In the context of globalization, the technology gap and labor market inequality will drive cross-border labor mobility, and may even intensify international economic competition and inequality. Therefore, the widespread use of artificial intelligence on a global scale may exacerbate the differentiation of social strata within and between different countries, constructing new technological barriers. In the future, more balanced technology promotion policies need to be designed to ensure that the development of artificial intelligence can benefit the whole of society and reduce potential inequality and conflict.

推动全球劳动力和人才流动。人工智能对社会结构的改变，不仅影响单个国家的社会结构，也对全球劳动力市场和人才流动产生了深远的影响。在全球化的背景下，技术鸿沟和劳动力市场的不平等将推动跨国劳动力流动，甚至可能加剧国际经济竞争和不平等。因此，人工智能在全球范围的广泛使用，可能加剧不同国家内部及国家之间社会阶层的分化，构建新的技术壁垒。未来需要设计更为均衡的技术推广政策，确保人工智能发展能够造福全社会，减少潜在的不平等和冲突。

Ethical and governance challenges brought by artificial intelligence and their response

人工智能带来的伦理与治理挑战及其应对

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, how to ensure the fairness, transparency, and security of artificial intelligence technology has become an urgent problem to be solved. In terms of ethics, the decision-making of artificial intelligence systems is often based on training data, and biases in data and algorithms may lead to unfair outcomes. In addition, privacy protection is also a major challenge; artificial intelligence technology may leak personal privacy, posing a threat to individual rights. In terms of governance, there is a problem of inconsistency in pace between the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and the construction of governance systems, and information asymmetry and cost asymmetry also increase the difficulty of governance. The global science and technology governance system also faces many difficulties; countries differ in technical standards, ethical norms, and other aspects, making it difficult to form a unified governance framework. Therefore, strengthening international cooperation and jointly formulating technical standards and policy frameworks to ensure the ethical nature and social acceptance of artificial intelligence technology is key to addressing the ethical and governance challenges of artificial intelligence.

随着人工智能技术的快速发展，如何确保人工智能技术的公正性、透明性和安全性，成为亟待解决的问题。在伦理方面，人工智能系统的决策往往基于训练数据，数据和算法中的偏见可能导致不公平的结果。此外，隐私保护也是一大挑战，人工智能技术可能泄露个人隐私，对个人权益构成威胁。在治理方面，人工智能技术的快速发展与治理体系的构建存在步调不一致的问题，信息不对称和成本不对称也增加了治理难度。全球科技治理体系也面临诸多困难，各国在技术标准、伦理规范等方面存在差异，难以形成统一的治理框架。因此，加强国际合作，共同制定技术标准和政策框架，确保人工智能技术的伦理性和社会接受度，是应对人工智能伦理与治理挑战的关键。

Bias and discrimination. Although the application of artificial intelligence brings many conveniences, the problems of bias and discrimination in its development process cannot be ignored. The decision-making process of artificial intelligence systems often relies on big data, and big data itself may contain biases. If artificial intelligence systems have not undergone strict review and a process of human-machine alignment, they may in some cases exacerbate social injustice. For example, an artificial intelligence recruitment system may make biased decisions based on historical data regarding gender, age, race, etc., causing discrimination against certain groups. Privacy protection and data security. With the large-scale application of artificial intelligence technology, privacy protection and data security issues have become the focus of people’s attention. Artificial intelligence systems require large amounts of personal data as training material, which also exposes users’ privacy to the risk of leakage, especially in fields such as education, healthcare, and financial insurance.

偏见与歧视。人工智能的应用虽然带来了诸多便利，但其发展过程中的偏见与歧视问题不容忽视。人工智能系统的决策过程往往依赖于大数据，而大数据本身可能存在偏见。人工智能系统如果没有经过严格的审查和人机对齐的过程，可能会在某些情况下加剧社会的不公平。例如，人工智能招聘系统可能会根据历史数据作出性别、年龄、种族等方面的偏见决策，造成对某些群体的歧视。 隐私保护和数据安全。随着人工智能技术的大规模应用，隐私保护和数据安全问题成为人们关注的焦点。人工智能系统需要大量的个人数据作为训练素材，这也使得用户的隐私面临被泄露的风险，特别是在教育、医疗、金融保险等领域。

Global science and technology governance dilemma. The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought unprecedented challenges to the global science and technology governance system. On the one hand, the rapid development of technology has led to lagging governance rules, making it difficult to effectively respond to emerging risks, such as data leakage and privacy violations, for which there is still no globally applicable standard. On the other hand, differences in the understanding and positions of various countries regarding artificial intelligence technology make it difficult to form a unified global governance system. For example, in emerging applications such as autonomous driving and facial recognition, there are differences in legal systems and regulatory guidance among countries, making it difficult to form unified standards. In addition, some risks of artificial intelligence technology, such as the harm caused by artificial intelligence decision-making ethics, bias, and unfairness, may be indirect, long-term, and difficult to quantify.

全球科技治理困境。人工智能的迅猛发展对全球科技治理体系带来了前所未有的挑战。一方面，技术的快速发展导致治理规则滞后，难以有效应对新兴风险，如数据泄露、隐私侵犯等至今仍没有一个全球通用的规范。另一方面，各国对人工智能技术的认知和立场存在差异，使得难以形成统一的全球治理体系。例如，在自动驾驶、人脸识别等新兴应用上，各国法律体系和监管指导存在差异，难以形成统一标准。此外，人工智能技术的某些风险，如人工智能决策伦理、偏见和不公平等造成的损害可能是间接的、长期的、难以量化的。

To address the above ethical and governance challenges of artificial intelligence, governments and institutions in various countries have proposed developing responsible AI and strengthening AI governance. For example, in 2018 the European Union issued the *Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI*, UNESCO released the *Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence* in 2019, and China’s National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Governance Expert Committee published the *Governance Principles for a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence — Developing Responsible Artificial Intelligence* in 2019. In addition, the international community is also exploring the establishment of a cross-border AI governance system through multilateral cooperation mechanisms to ensure the standardized development of the technology. Developers and users of AI must ensure data fairness and take measures to reduce bias and risk. At the same time, governments should strengthen oversight of AI ethics to ensure the responsible application of AI technology. Therefore, establishing and improving data protection laws, regulations, and ethical norms is an urgent task. Governments in all countries should increase the intensity of data security oversight to ensure that AI technology is applied under the premise of protecting personal privacy.

为了应对上述人工智能伦理和治理挑战，各国政府和机构提出发展负责任的人工智能，加强人工智能治理。例如，2018年欧盟提出《人工智能的伦理准则》，联合国教科文组织在2019年发布《人工智能伦理问题建议书》，我国国家新一代人工智能治理专业委员会于2019年发布《新一代人工智能治理原则——发展负责任的人工智能》。此外，国际社会也在探索通过多边合作机制，建立跨国界的人工智能治理体系，以确保技术的规范化发展。人工智能的开发者和应用者必须确保数据的公平性，并采取措施降低偏见和风险。同时，政府应当加强对人工智能伦理的监管，确保人工智能技术的负责任应用。因此，建立健全数据保护法律法规和伦理规范是当务之急。各国政府应当加大对数据安全的监管力度，确保在保障个人隐私的前提下应用人工智能技术。

In response to the characteristics of rapid development of AI technology and to remedy the sluggish response of traditional governance means, the ethical risks of AI should be addressed through agile governance. Agile governance emphasizes rapid response and continuous adjustment, using dynamic policy tools to deal with the potential risks of AI. Countries around the world must strengthen cooperation, and international organizations should play a greater role in jointly formulating technical standards and policy frameworks to ensure the safe, reliable, and responsible development of AI technology. President Xi Jinping pointed out in a congratulatory letter to the 2024 World Intelligence Expo: “China is willing to work with countries around the world to seize the development opportunities of digitalization, networking, and intelligence, deepen international cooperation on AI development and governance, and strive to promote the healthy development of AI, boost world economic growth, and enhance the well-being of people in all countries.”

针对人工智能技术快速发展的特点，弥补传统治理手段反应迟钝的缺陷，应当以敏捷治理的手段回应人工智能的伦理风险。敏捷治理强调快速响应和持续调整，通过动态的政策工具应对人工智能的潜在风险。世界各国必须加强合作，国际组织应该发挥更大作用，共同制定技术标准和政策框架，确保人工智能技术安全、可靠和负责任发展。习近平主席向2024世界智能产业博览会致贺信指出：“中国愿同世界各国一道，把握数字化、网络化、智能化发展机遇，深化人工智能发展和治理国际合作，为推动人工智能健康发展、促进世界经济增长、增进各国人民福祉而努力。”

AI is not only a representative of technological innovation but also a force that redefines the distribution of social resources and the mode of governance. In the future, we need to accelerate innovation in the science and technology system, strengthen multi-party cooperation to achieve the sustainability of technological development, and enable all people to share the dividends of AI technology development. At the same time, individuals should also adapt to change and seize opportunities by continuously learning new knowledge and skills. Through the coordinated development of technology and governance, we can look forward to a new era that is more intelligent, more efficient, fairer, and more inclusive.

人工智能不仅是技术创新的代表，更是一种重新定义社会资源分配和治理方式的力量。未来，我们需要加快科技体制创新，加强多方合作以实现技术发展的可持续性，并让所有人能共享人工智能技术发展红利。同时，个人也应通过不断学习新知识和技能，适应变化，抓住机遇。通过技术与治理的协调发展，我们有望迎来一个更加智能、更加高效、更加公平、更加包容的新时代。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗