Giving Full Play to the Leading Role of State-Owned Enterprises in the Development of China’s Digital Economy

In recent years, the digital economy has become a major driving force for China’s economic development and a key engine for advancing Chinese-path modernization. The scale of China’s digital economy has reached 53.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 42.8% of GDP. However, during the development of China’s digital economy, some unreasonable and unhealthy phenomena as well as developmental constraints have also been encountered. Therefore, how to regulate and guide digital capital in order to achieve high-quality development of the digital economy has become an important practical question that must be answered. On this point, state-owned enterprises play an irreplaceable and key role. Although there have been in-depth discussions for a long time on the role of state-owned enterprises in economic and technological development, and on the relationship between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, whether viewed from the characteristics of digital capital or from practical experience, in order to rationally utilize digital capital and truly strengthen, optimize, and expand China’s digital economy, it is necessary to give full play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises in the development of China’s digital economy. State-owned enterprises are the “leading geese,” and private enterprises are the “main force.” This is the proper meaning of taking the path of Chinese-path digital economy modernization under the conditions of the socialist market economy, and it is also an important move to synergistically leverage the advantages of state-owned and private enterprises and create new vitality and new drivers for development.

近年来，数字经济已经成为我国经济发展的重要驱动力量和推动中国式现代化的关键引擎。我国数字经济规模已达到53.9万亿元，占国内生产总值比重达到42.8%。但在我国数字经济发展的过程中，也曾遇到一些不合理、不健康的现象与发展上的桎梏。因此，如何规范和引导数字资本以实现数字经济的高质量发展成为必须回答的重要现实问题。在这一点上，国有企业扮演着不可替代的关键角色。尽管长期以来，对于国有企业在经济和科技发展中的作用、国有企业和民营企业间的关系等问题曾有过深入的探讨，但无论是从数字资本特性还是从实践经验来看，想要合理运用数字资本，真正做强做优做大我国的数字经济，就必须发挥国有企业在我国数字经济发展中的引领作用。国有企业是“领头雁”，民营企业是“主力军”，这是社会主义市场经济条件下走中国式数字经济现代化道路的应有之义，也是协同发挥国有企业和民营企业优势、创造发展新活力新动能的重要之举。

I. The Generality and Particularity of Digital Capital

一、数字资本的一般性与特殊性

To examine the key role of state-owned enterprises in regulating and guiding the development of digital capital, one must first have a clear understanding of the characteristics of digital capital. Although capital in essence is value that brings about surplus value, it manifests itself in different external forms, such as industrial capital, commercial capital, and financial capital. As a new form of capital emerging in the era of the digital economy, digital capital shares the general characteristics common to traditional forms of capital such as industrial capital, commercial capital, and financial capital, but also possesses its own particularities due to differences in industrial characteristics and capital operation mechanisms.

考察国有企业在规范和引导数字资本发展过程中的关键作用，首先要对数字资本的特性拥有清晰的认识。资本虽然在本质上都是可以带来价值增殖的价值，但在外在形式上以不同的形态表现出来，如产业资本、商业资本、金融资本等。而作为数字经济时代新生的资本形态，数字资本既有与产业资本、商业资本、金融资本等传统资本形态所共有的资本的一般特效，也由于产业特点与资本运作机制等方面的不同而存在自身的特殊性。

(1) Digital Capital Possesses the Generality of Capital

（一）数字资本具有资本的一般性

First, digital capital has a profit-seeking nature. In the *Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858*, Marx clearly states: “The only activity that corresponds to the purpose of capital is enrichment, i.e., to make itself larger or to increase itself… its own vitality consists only in this.” [1]1 Marx, *Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858*, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 30, p. 259. Subsequently, in *Capital*, he further explains that the purpose of capital “is not to obtain a single profit, but the ceaseless movement of seeking profit.” [2]2 Marx, *Capital*, vol. 1, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 35, p. 163. This stems both from the boundless drive for enrichment of the capitalist as the personification of capital, and from the external pressure brought about by competition. In pursuit of profit, capital can either invest in production departments, directly obtaining value created by labor power in the production process, or invest in non-production departments, becoming commercial capital or interest-bearing capital, and sharing the value created in the production process with industrial capital by promoting the accumulation or circulation of industrial capital. It can be seen that the nature of capital is to realize value augmentation; this is an inherent characteristic of any form of capital, and digital capital is certainly no exception. Capital’s large-scale investment in the digital field is likewise based on the expectation of high profit margins brought about by advanced technology and a vast market, which constitutes the basic driving force for the reproduction of the industry. Therefore, digital capital always attempts to transform new means of production such as computing power, algorithms, and platforms into tools for absorbing as much surplus labor as possible.

首先，数字资本具有逐利性。在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中，马克思明确指出：“资本的合乎目的的活动只能是发财致富，也就是使自身变大或增大……它自己的生命力只在于此”。随后在《资本论》中，他又进一步说明，资本的目的“也不是取得一次利润，而只是谋取利润的无休止的运动”。这既是源于作为资本人格化的资本家的无限的致富欲，也是由于竞争所带来的外在压力。为了追求利润，资本既可以投资生产部门，直接获得来自生产环节、由劳动力创造出的价值，也可以投资非生产部门，成为商业资本或生息资本，通过推动产业资本积累或循环的方式与产业资本共同瓜分生产环节创造的价值。可见，资本的本性就是要进行价值增殖，这是任何一种资本都具有的天然特性，数字资本当然也不例外。资本对于数字化领域的大规模投资，同样是基于由先进技术和庞大市场所带来的对高利润率的期望，这构成了数字资本推动行业再生产的基础动力。因此，数字资本总是试图将算力、算法、平台等新型生产资料转变为尽可能多地吮吸剩余劳动的工具。

Second, digital capital has mobility. Marx points out that capital must circulate due to the need for augmentation; it “can only be understood as motion, not as a thing at rest.” [3]3 Marx, *Capital*, vol. 2, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 36, p. 116. Marx interprets this mobility of capital from two dimensions: time and space. From the temporal dimension, capital always strives to accelerate its own velocity of circulation. This is because an important factor influencing the efficiency and scale of capital augmentation is “the surplus time (surplus value) multiplied by the number of times the production process of capital is repeated within a certain period.” [4]4 Marx, *Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858*, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 29, p. 106. To achieve more turnovers, capital accelerates its circulation through various means, such as improving technological processes and enhancing the level of division of labor and cooperation. From the spatial dimension, capital continuously expands its own sphere of circulation. “The tendency of capital is (1) to continuously expand the sphere of circulation; (2) to transform production everywhere into production driven by capital.” [5]5 Marx, *Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858*, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 29, p. 407. Only by continuously expanding its own sphere of circulation can capital appropriate more production processes and the value created therein, and can it continuously find broader commodity markets. For digital capital, acceleration in the temporal dimension and expansion in the spatial dimension are likewise its unremitting pursuits. On the one hand, it establishes more efficient capital circulation links through network platforms, e-commerce, digital finance, etc.; on the other hand, it strives to achieve economies of scale across cities, regions, and national borders.

其次，数字资本具有流动性。马克思指出，资本由于增殖的需要而必须流动，它“只能理解为运动，而不能理解为静止物”。马克思从时间和空间两重维度解读了资本的这种流动性。从时间维度上讲，资本总是力图不断加快自身的流动速度。因为资本增殖的效率和规模有一个重要的影响因素，即“剩余时间（剩余价值）乘以资本的生产过程在一定期间所重复的次数”。为了进行更多次的周转，资本会通过改进技术工艺、提升分工协作水平等种种方式加快资本流通。从空间维度上讲，资本则会不断扩张自身的流动空间。“资本的趋势是（1）不断扩大流通范围（2）在一切地点把生产变成由资本推动的生产。”只有不断扩张自身的流动空间，资本才能占有更多的生产过程及其间所创造的价值，也才能不断寻获更加广阔的商品市场。对于数字资本而言，时间维度上的加速与空间维度上的扩张同样是其不懈的追求。其一方面通过网络平台、电子商务、数字金融等建立了更加高效的资本流通环节，另一方面则纷纷力图实现跨城市、跨地域、跨国界的规模经济。

Finally, digital capital has a dual nature. Capital and its development and application are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, capital is an indispensable factor of production in the market economy and an important driving force for promoting the development of social productive forces and economic growth. As Marx once pointed out: “One of the civilizing aspects of capital is that it extracts this surplus labor in a manner and under conditions that are more advantageous for the development of productive forces, for the development of social relations, and for the creation of the elements of a new and higher form, compared with earlier forms such as slavery, serfdom, etc.” [6]6 Marx, *Capital*, vol. 3, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 37, p. 91. On the other hand, if left unregulated and allowed to grow wildly, continuously expanding capital will also bring about various social contradictions and problems. For example, excessive commodification, excessive financialization, the gap between rich and poor, and ecological crises. The same is true for digital capital. In the wave of this technological revolution, digital capital has played a significant role in innovation activities and economic development in various countries, creating enormous social wealth. However, the risks it brings in terms of platform monopoly, technology regulation, economic security, and privacy have also sounded an alarm for society. In many developed capitalist countries, the advent of the digital economy era has not promoted the resolution of poverty and polarization; the new technology has brought not welfare for the whole society but power for a few.

最后，数字资本具有二重性。资本及其发展运用是一把双刃剑。一方面，资本是市场经济发展不可或缺的生产要素，是促进社会生产力发展和推动经济增长的重要动力。正如马克思曾指出的那样：“资本的文明面之一是，它榨取这种剩余劳动的方式和条件，同以前的奴隶制、农奴制等形式相比，都更有利于生产力的发展，有利于社会关系的发展，有利于更高级的新形态的各种要素的创造。”但另一方面，如果不加规制放任其野蛮生长，持续膨胀的资本也会带来种种社会矛盾和问题。譬如过度的商品化、过度的金融化、贫富差距以及生态危机等。数字资本亦是如此。在此次科技革命的浪潮中，数字资本在各国创新活动与经济发展的过程中发挥了显著的作用，创造了巨大的社会财富，但其带来的平台垄断、科技监管、经济安全、隐私等方面的风险也给社会敲响了警钟。在很多发达资本主义国家，数字经济时代的到来并未促使贫困和两极分化问题的解决，新技术带来的并非全社会的福利而是少数人的权力。

(2) Digital Capital Possesses Its Own Particularities

（二）数字资本具有自身的特殊性

First, digital capital has pan-accumulative characteristics. For traditional industrial capital, wage workers and capitalists are the two poles of the production process, and its profits all originate from the wage workers within the production system. However, this is not the case for much digital capital. This is because much digital capital adopts a value creation model of “participatory production,” which also endows the product audience—that is, the group usually regarded as consumers—with certain production functions, enabling them to participate jointly in the creation of digital products. This is prominently reflected in the platform economy. Platform enterprises are only responsible for the overall ecological architecture of the platform and attracting traffic, while entrusting the production of content such as web pages, topics, and images to users. Therefore, the creation of many digital products is in fact a process of collective innovation by the platform enterprise’s wage workers and ordinary users who are non-wage workers. Users not only contribute the fruits of their own mental labor to the platform enterprise but also unconsciously upload large amounts of personal information to the platform, which is aggregated into commercially valuable big data for the platform’s use. Consequently, the accumulation of digital capital has a pan-accumulative nature that extends beyond the wage system. However, these non-wage workers can only become free laborers; their role and function in value creation often do not appear in the distribution system. On the one hand, digital capital obtains the massive value created by a broad user base; on the other hand, it saves on labor costs. This creates important conditions for its rapid development.

首先，数字资本具有泛积累性。对于传统的产业资本来说，雇佣工人与资本家是生产过程中的两极，其利润也全部来源于生产体系中的雇佣工人，但对于很多数字资本而言并非如此。因为很多数字资本采取的是一种“参与式生产”的价值创造模式，向产品受众，即通常被看作消费者的群体也赋予一定的生产功能，使其共同参与到数字产品的创制中来。这一点突出体现在平台经济之中，平台企业所需要负责的只是平台整体生态的架构和流量的吸引，而将网页、话题、影像等内容的生产交予用户。因此，很多数字产品的创制事实上是平台企业的雇佣工人与作为非雇佣工人的普通用户集体创新的过程。用户不但向平台企业贡献了自身脑力劳动的成果，还会在无意间将大量的个人信息上传至平台，汇总成具有商业价值的大数据供平台利用。因此，数字资本的积累是具有超出雇佣体系的泛积累性的。但这些非雇佣工人只能成为免费劳工，其在价值创造中的作用和功能往往不会在分配体系中显现，而数字资本一方面获得了广阔用户所创造出的海量价值，另一方面则节约了劳动力成本，这为其快速发展创造了重要条件。

Second, digital capital possesses an extraordinary capacity for expansion. With the support of digital technologies such as platforms and algorithms, digital capital not only significantly improves its efficiency and scale of circulation compared with traditional forms of capital, but its sectoral characteristics also make it more conducive to capital expansion. On the one hand, this is because the digital domain exhibits a pronounced “winner-takes-all” trend. Whether producers, consumers, or gig workers, they all tend to concentrate on large digital platforms in order to gain access to a larger commodity market and more business or employment opportunities, giving rise to the phenomenon of “digital enclosure,” which enables large digital enterprises to expand rapidly and intensifies their acquisition of small enterprises. On the other hand, because the digital domain contains a multilateral market of mutual influence, enterprises that gain an advantage in the market for foundational technologies can easily extend this advantage to other product markets that depend on their operation. For example, many companies originally engaged in hardware or software development often also hold considerable market shares in areas such as cloud services, digital finance, autonomous driving, and smart homes. This is because these large digital companies, relying on their dominant position in the technology market, support the development of partner companies or subsidiaries, and the technological advantages of large digital companies are something that companies in these traditional industries lack, which helps them gradually expand their business scope and capture the markets of these traditional industries. Therefore, unlike traditional capital, which is mostly engaged in horizontal or vertical expansion within the same industry, large digital capital often does not stop at spatial expansion across cities, regions, or national borders; it easily gives rise to giant digital oligopolies that span different industries and sectors.

其次，数字资本具有超强的扩张性。在平台、算法等数字技术的加持下，数字资本不仅在流动效率与规模方面相较传统资本形态显著提升，其行业特点也更有利于其实现资本扩张。一方面，这是因为数字化领域存在显著的“赢家通吃”趋势。无论是生产者、消费者还是零工工人，都倾向于向大的数字平台集中，以获得更加庞大的商品市场与更多的经营或就业机会，造成“数字圈地”现象，这使得大型数字企业可以快速膨胀并会加剧对小企业的并购行为。另一方面，因为数字化领域存在着一个相互影响的多边市场，在基础技术相关市场中获得优势的企业，很容易向依附于其运行的其他产品市场延伸这种优势。如很多原本从事硬件或软件开发的公司，常常在云服务、数字金融、无人驾驶、智能家居等领域也有着可观的市场份额。因为这些大型数字公司会凭借着自身在技术市场中的支配地位扶持合作公司或子公司发展，而大型数字公司的技术优势是这些传统行业公司所不具备的，这会帮助其逐渐拓展自身业务范围并占有这些传统行业的市场。因此与更多的是进行同行业或上下游扩张的传统资本不同，数字大资本往往不会止步于跨城市、跨地域、垮国界的空间拓展，而是极易催生横跨不同行业领域的巨型数字寡头公司。

Finally, digital capital is composite in nature. Unlike traditional capital forms such as industrial capital, commercial capital, and financial capital, which have relatively clear functional positions, digital capital often combines multiple functions, exhibiting a composite character. This is also an important reason why we cannot classify digital capital within traditional capital forms and must study it independently. For instance, people once regarded Google as a representative of commercial capital engaged in the search engine industry, but in fact, most digital platforms, including search engines, are both a means of circulation and a tool of production for digital laborers. Moreover, Google also has extensive and deep deployments in industrial capital and financial capital fields such as software and hardware, artificial intelligence, autonomous driving, and digital finance, having already formed a typical composite capital form that integrates production, commerce, and financial functions. Therefore, a comprehensive perspective must be adopted when examining digital capital; each large digital capital represents not just a single type of industry but an entire ecosystem. This determines that competition among digital capital is not primarily a single competition of scale or business model, but rather competition between entire industrial ecosystems. If a particular digital capital truly wants to achieve high-quality development, it must control the standards of the industrial ecosystem and complete the shaping of a closed-loop industrial ecosystem. Otherwise, even if it temporarily achieves considerable profits and scale in a single field, it will constantly face the risk of being impacted by other domestic and international digital capital.

最后，数字资本具有复合性。数字资本与产业资本、商业资本、金融资本等功能定位相对清晰的传统资本不同，它们往往兼具多种功能，体现出复合性的特点，这也是我们无法将数字资本归类到传统资本形态中而必须独立研究的一个重要原因。譬如人们曾一度将谷歌视为从事搜索引擎行业的商业资本的代表，但事实上包括搜索引擎在内的大多数数字平台既是一种流通手段，也是一种数字劳工的生产工具。此外，谷歌在软硬件、人工智能、自动驾驶、数字金融等产业资本和金融资本领域也拥有广泛和深入的布局，已经形成了一种典型的兼具生产、商业、金融功能的复合体资本形态。因此，必须采取综合性的视角来看待数字资本，每一个数字大资本所代表的并不只是某一类产业，而是一整个生态系统。这决定了数字资本之间的竞争，最重要的并非规模或商业模式的单一竞争，而是整个产业生态系统之间的竞争。某一数字资本如果真正想要实现高质量的发展，就必须掌控产业生态标准并完成产业生态系统闭环的塑造。否则，即便在某一单一领域暂时性地取得了可观的利润与规模，也会时刻面对着被国内国际其他数字资本冲击的风险。

In summary, correctly understanding the general and specific characteristics of digital capital is an important foundation for effectively utilizing and guiding its development. At present, China faces the important strategic task of strengthening the construction of Digital China and winning the international digital competition. If digital capital is utilized properly, it can give full play to digital capital’s role in stimulating advanced productive forces and its powerful mobility, leveraging strengths and making up for weaknesses, and accelerating the formation of a competitive domestic digital industry ecosystem. If digital capital is utilized improperly, it will either lead to the disorderly expansion of capital, with investment directions deviating from national and social development goals, causing chaos in the economic and social fields; or it will lead to insufficient utilization of capital as a factor of production, making it difficult to effectively stimulate the vitality of innovation and development, and losing the first-mover advantage in international digital competition. Faced with this contradictory problem, it is necessary to give full play to the institutional advantages of the socialist market economy, strengthen the leading role of state-owned enterprises in the development of China’s digital economy, and on this basis form a new pattern of digital development in which multiple forms of ownership capital complement each other’s advantages. This is not only an important means of putting a bridle on the wild horse of digital capital under the conditions of the socialist market economy, but also a key move to further tap the potential of China’s digital economy development and promote the rapid and sound development of China’s digital economy.

总而言之，正确认识数字资本的一般性与特殊性是有效利用和引导其发展的重要基础。当前，我国面对着加强数字中国建设、赢得国际数字化竞争的重要战略任务，如果对数字资本利用得当，可以充分发挥数字资本对于先进生产力的激发作用和强大的流动性，发挥优势、补齐短板，加快推动具有国际竞争力的本土数字产业生态的形成。如果对数字资本利用不当，要么会导致资本无序扩张，投入方向偏离国家社会发展目标，引发经济社会领域乱象；要么会导致对资本这一生产要素利用不足，难以有效激发创新发展活力，在国际数字竞争中失去先机。面对这一矛盾性问题，必须充分发挥社会主义市场经济的制度优势，强化国有企业在我国数字经济发展中的引领作用，以此为基础形成多种所有制资本优势互补的数字化发展新格局。这既是社会主义市场经济条件下为数字资本这匹烈马套上缰绳的重要手段，也是进一步挖掘我国数字经济发展潜能、推动我国数字经济又快又好发展的关键之举。

II. State-Owned Enterprises Are the “Ballast Stone” for the Development of the Digital Economy in a Socialist Country

二、国有企业是社会主义国家数字经济发展的“压舱石”

Giving play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises in the development of China’s digital economy is first of all due to the nature of our country as a socialist state. The ownership form with public ownership as the mainstay is an important basic economic system of a socialist country, and state-owned enterprises, as the main bearers of public capital, have long played the key role of “ballast stone” in the development of China’s digital economy. This point cannot be shaken. Xi Jinping pointed out: “State-owned enterprises are an important force for promoting national modernization and safeguarding the common interests of the people.” Only by giving full play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises can we effectively achieve the control of digital capital and consolidate the fundamental aspects of security, order, and sharing for the digital economy of socialist China.

发挥国有企业在我国数字经济发展中的引领作用，首先是因为我国的社会主义国家性质。以公有制为主体的所有制形式是社会主义国家重要的基本经济制度，而国有企业作为公有资本的承载主体，长期以来也一直在中国数字经济的发展进程之中扮演着“压舱石”的关键角色，这一点是不能动摇的。习近平指出：“国有企业是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量。”只有充分发挥国有企业的引领作用，才能有效实现对数字资本的驾驭，为社会主义中国数字经济的安全、有序、共享夯实基本面。

(1) State-Owned Enterprises Can Effectively Counter the Erosion of Digital Capital and Safeguard the Security of the National Digital Economy

（一）国有企业可以有力对抗数字资本侵蚀，保障国家数字经济安全

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: “National security is the foundation of national rejuvenation, and social stability is the prerequisite for national prosperity.” The security and stability of the digital economy are an important component of the national security system and also the basic condition for the development of the digital economy. Due to the characteristics of rapid technological updating and cross-border integration in the digital economy field, digital economy security has constituted a systematic and complex system, including not only the security of digital resources such as data, the security of core technologies and industrial chains, but also issues such as digital currency and digital finance, and the taxation and regulation of large technology companies. Once the state loses its ability to control the security of the digital economy, the consequences are incalculable. And due to the profit-seeking nature and strong expansionary tendency of digital capital, the occurrence of security problems often brings great risks. Faced with these complex situations, it is precisely state-owned enterprises that have played a mainstay role in safeguarding the security of China’s digital economy.

党的二十大报告指出：“国家安全是民族复兴的根基，社会稳定是国家强盛的前提。”数字经济的安全和稳定是国家安全体系的重要组成部分，也是数字经济发展的基础性条件。由于数字经济领域技术快速更新与跨界融合的特点，数字经济安全已经构成了一个系统性的复杂体系，既包括数据等数字资源的安全，核心技术和产业链的安全，也涵盖了数字货币和数字金融问题，大型科技公司的税务和监管问题等方面。一旦国家对数字经济安全失去掌控能力，所带来的后果难以估量。而由于数字资本逐利性与强扩张性的存在，安全问题的发生往往会带来极大的风险。面对着这些复杂的情况，正是国有企业在保障我国数字经济安全的过程中发挥了中流砥柱的作用。

The mainstay role of state-owned enterprises is first reflected in the realization of the socialist state’s control over digital capital, effectively restraining the greedy nature of capital. Like other forms of capital, digital capital naturally has a tendency to escape regulation and expand disorderly, so it must be tamed and guided to prevent the unbridled growth of digital capital from endangering national digital security. In developed capitalist countries, the binding of private large capital to the state apparatus has long existed, and mechanisms such as the “revolving door” and the “deep state” are open secrets. But in China, state-owned enterprises, through state power, restrain capital, placing the operation of capital under the whole-process supervision of the government and the people, establishing rules and regulations for it through political and social constraints, and defining its activity framework. This ensures that the public capital operated by state-owned enterprises not only pursues preservation and appreciation of value like ordinary capital, but also pursues the safeguarding of national social development and the interests of the people. For a long time, it is precisely because state-owned enterprises have made overall arrangements in strategic pillar industries such as information infrastructure and key industries such as core data management, ensuring the dominant position of the national will in these fields, that the intervention and penetration of private capital power have been avoided, providing important security guarantees for the development of China’s digital economy.

国有企业的中流砥柱作用首先体现在实现了社会主义国家对数字资本的驾驭，有效约束了资本的贪婪本性。与其他形态的资本相同，数字资本天然具有摆脱监管、无序扩张的倾向，因此必须对其进行驯化、引导，防止数字资本野蛮生长危及国家数字安全。在发达资本主义国家，私人大资本对国家政权的捆绑常年存在，“旋转门”机制和“深层政府”等已是公开的秘密。但在中国，国有企业通过国家权力节制资本，将资本的运行置于政府和人民的全过程监督之下，以政治和社会约束为其建章立制，规定活动框架，使得国有企业所运营的公有资本不止像一般资本那样追求保值增值，也以保障国家社会发展和人民利益为追求。长期以来，正是国有企业在信息基础设施等战略支柱产业和核心数据管理等关键行业统筹布局，保障了国家意志在这些领域中的支配地位，才规避了私有资本权力的干预和渗透，为我国数字经济的发展提供了重要的安全保障。

In addition, state-owned enterprises have effectively countered the expansion and erosion of transnational digital monopoly capital. Owing to the strong expansiveness of digital capital, transnational digital monopoly capital, with its technological and first-mover advantages, can more easily cross national borders and extend its tentacles worldwide. Many transnational digital monopoly corporations are wealthier than entire countries; for instance, Apple’s market capitalisation once exceeded $2 trillion and even $3 trillion, surpassing the GDP of most countries and ranking among the top ten globally. Relying on their scale advantages, transnational corporations capture markets through price wars. If left to the weak and fragmented private enterprises alone, it would be difficult to resist the expansion of such international capital, let alone ensure economic security. Without the protection of the public sector and state-owned enterprises, even Europe—once a global highland of communication technology, home to giants like Nokia and Ericsson and emerging small companies such as Skype and DeepMind—failed to withstand the wave of acquisitions by transnational capital and fell comprehensively behind in the digital economy era. China was also a latecomer. It was precisely the state-owned telecommunications companies that, through their various advantages, competed head-on with transnational capital in standards, technology, and markets, winning opportunities for the survival and development of China’s digital economy and preserving space for the growth of private enterprises. This is how China’s progress and achievements in digital development have been made today. In the current context of intense international digital competition, state-owned enterprises continue to provide private enterprises with operational opportunities and technological security support, still demonstrating their strategic core role in safeguarding the security of the national digital economy.

此外，国有企业还有力地抗衡了跨国数字垄断资本的扩张与侵蚀。由于数字资本强扩张性的存在，具有技术优势和先动优势的跨国数字垄断资本可以更加轻易地越过国界，在世界范围内延伸自己的触角。很多跨国数字垄断公司富可敌国，譬如苹果公司市值一度突破2万亿甚至3万亿美元，超过了绝大多数国家的GDP，可以排入全球前十位。依靠规模优势，跨国公司通过价格战攻城略地，如果单靠式微、分散的民营企业，很难抗衡这些国际大资本的扩张，经济安全更是无从谈起。失去了公共部门和国有企业的保护，就连曾为世界通信技术高地，诞生过诺基亚、爱立信等巨头和Skype、DeepMind等新锐小公司的欧洲地区也未在跨国资本的收购浪潮中幸免，在数字经济时代全面掉队。中国也曾为后进国家，正是国有电信公司通过自身的各种优势在标准、技术、市场等方面与跨国资本正面竞争，为我国数字经济的生存与发展赢得了机会，也为民营企业的成长保留了空间，才有了今天中国数字化发展中的进步与成就。而在当前国际数字竞争高度激烈的局面下，国有企业仍在不断为民营企业提供经营机会与技术安全支持，依然彰显着自身在维护国家数字经济安全中的战略核心作用。

(2) State-owned enterprises can transform digital capital and guide it to fulfil the mission of national and social development

（二）国有企业可以实现对数字资本的改造，引导其履行国家和社会发展使命

In the process of China’s digital economy development, the vast number of private enterprises have played a very significant role. However, private capital inevitably prioritises profit as its primary pursuit. When enterprises formulate development plans based on the principle of maximising their own interests, it is unavoidable that their development goals will diverge from those of national and social development. For example, during the wave of China’s internet innovation in the early 21st century, a large amount of private digital capital was directed into the platform economy sector, relying on China’s huge market scale to pursue an “extensive” development path of expanding user increments. In contrast, the “intensive” development path based on fundamental technological research and development was rarely pursued due to its high investment and high risk. In some basic technology fields, there was once a fantasy of “exchanging market for technology,” and enterprises adopted the strategy of “building is not as good as buying, buying is not as good as renting.” This has become an important reason why China has been “choked” in key technologies and key components in recent years. It is evident that the role of state-owned enterprises in China’s digital development is irreplaceable. Only by more fully transforming and guiding digital capital through state-owned enterprises can digital capital truly serve the overall goals of national and social development.

在我国数字经济发展的过程中，广大的民营企业发挥了十分显著的作用。但私有资本毕竟要以利润为首要追求，企业基于自身利益最大化原则制定发展规划，就不可避免地会出现企业发展目标与国家和社会发展目标不相一致的情况。譬如在21世纪初中国的互联网创新浪潮中，大量的私有数字资本一度都投向了平台经济领域，倚赖中国庞大的市场规模走上了一条拓展用户增量的“外延式”发展道路，而基于基础技术研发的“内涵式”发展道路却由于投入大、风险高而鲜有人问津，在一些基础技术领域一度抱有“市场换技术”的幻想，纷纷采取了“造不如买、买不如租”的策略，这成为近年来中国在关键技术和关键零部件上被“卡脖子”的一个重要原因。可见，国有企业在我国数字化发展中所承担的角色是无可替代的，只有更加充分地通过国有企业改造和引导数字资本，才能使数字资本可以真正服务于国家和社会发展的总体目标。

On the one hand, public digital capital under the control of state-owned enterprises can break free from the “profit-rate-only” investment mindset and play a backbone role in key areas concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood, such as basic frontier technologies and digital infrastructure construction. Xi Jinping has pointed out that state-owned enterprises “have made historic contributions to China’s economic and social development, scientific and technological progress, national defence construction, and improvement of people’s livelihood—their achievements are outstanding and indelible!” State-owned enterprises are both business organisations and public sector entities. This “dual role” characteristic enables them to play a mission-oriented role. In tackling basic technologies, state-owned enterprises have undertaken a series of key core technology research and development projects and major technical equipment engineering projects with high investment, high risk, and long research cycles. For example, TD-SCDMA, one of the international standards for third-generation mobile communications, was not proposed by the then more influential ZTE or other enterprises, but was created by the state-owned enterprise Datang Telecom, which voluntarily bore the high research and development risks. In the construction of digital “new infrastructure,” which is crucial to the modernisation of the national economy but has a long return cycle, state-owned enterprises have also played a main force role. Driven by state-owned enterprises represented by the three major telecom operators, China’s optical network cities and digital village construction have developed rapidly, forming the world’s largest and most vibrant digital society, laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive digital transformation of China’s economy. This stands in stark contrast to developed capitalist countries. For instance, US President Joe Biden proposed a $2 trillion-plus infrastructure plan shortly after taking office, but it ultimately failed to be enacted.

一方面，国有企业驾驭下的公有数字资本可以摆脱“唯利润率”的投资思路，在基础性前沿技术、数字基础设施建设等事关国计民生的重要领域发挥中坚作用。习近平曾指出，国有企业“为我国经济社会发展、科技进步、国防建设、民生改善作出了历史性贡献，功勋卓著！功不可没！”国有企业既是企业组织，也是公共部门，这种“一身二任”的特性令其扮演了使命导向型的重要角色。在基础性技术攻关上，国有企业承担了一系列投入高、风险高、研发周期长的关键核心技术研发项目与重大技术装备攻关工程，譬如当年第三代移动通信的国际标准之一TD-SCDMA，并不是由当时更具影响的中兴等企业提出的，而是由国有企业大唐电信在自愿承担着高研发风险的背景下所创制的。而在事关国民经济现代化但回报周期较长的数字“新基建”建设上，国有企业同样发挥了主力军作用。在以三大运营商为代表的国有企业推动下，我国的光网城市、数字乡村建设飞速发展，业已形成了全球最为庞大、生机勃勃的数字社会，为我国经济全方位地数字化转型奠定了坚实的基础。这与发达资本主义国家形成了鲜明的对比，譬如美国总统拜登上任之初便提出了2万亿多美元的基建计划，最终却难逃难产的命运。

On the other hand, state-owned enterprises can also effectively drive private enterprises, guiding the operational goals of private digital capital to align with national and social development goals. Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Under the socialist market economy system, capital is an important link that drives the aggregation and allocation of various production factors.” Under the traction of public capital, private capital can also be guided to a certain extent towards better meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life. This is because investment behaviour in the digital economy exhibits a “peer effect,” and state-owned enterprises, often large in scale and strong in strength, can help private enterprises resolve the core resources—such as underlying technologies and infrastructure—that they lack when entering strategic frontier areas through the injection of investment capital. This improves corporate profit expectations, reduces risks, and attracts the aggregation of private capital. At the same time, through complementary division of labour in the industrial chain, state-owned enterprises can deeply connect with private enterprises in technology, scenarios, and business operations. By means of technical cooperation, material procurement, and other methods, they support the growth of private enterprises, gradually guiding private capital to overcome the defects of short-sightedness and blindness, actively flowing to key areas and key industries needed for social development, and better serving the national development layout and strategic planning.

另一方面，国有企业还可以实现对民营企业的有效拉动，引导私人数字资本的经营目标与国家社会发展目标相一致。习近平指出：“在社会主义市场经济体制下，资本是带动各类生产要素集聚配置的重要纽带。”在公有资本的牵引下，私有资本也可以在一定程度上被引导到更好地满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的方向上来。因为数字经济领域的投资行为存在着“同群效应”，而国有企业往往规模大、实力强，通过投资性资本的注入更能帮助民营企业解决进驻战略前沿领域所缺失的底层技术、基础设施等核心资源，提高企业盈利预期、降低风险，吸引私有资本聚集。同时，通过产业链上的互补性分工，国有企业还能与民营企业在技术、场景、业务上深度对接，从而借助技术合作、物资采购等方式扶持民营企业成长，逐步引导私有资本摆脱短视性与盲目性的缺陷，积极向社会发展所需要的重点区域和关键行业流动，更好地为国家发展布局和战略规划服务。

(3) State-owned enterprises can uphold the pan-accumulative nature of digital capital, enabling the fruits of digital development to benefit all the people

（三）国有企业可以秉持数字资本的泛积累性，使数字化发展成果惠及全体人民

The pan-accumulative characteristic of digital capital means that the contributions of ordinary people should also be reflected in distribution. Making development achievements benefit all the people and gradually achieving common prosperity is the ultimate goal of socialist national construction and development. This requires ensuring the role of state-owned enterprises in the digital economy. Because the distribution problem is essentially determined by the ownership problem, as Marx said: “Any distribution of the means of consumption is only a consequence of the distribution of the conditions of production themselves.” If private capital is allowed to dominate the digital economy, it will inevitably lead to increasingly severe polarisation, as seen in Western capitalist countries. Take data, the core production factor in the digital economy era, as an example. Private digital capitalists, by virtue of their private ownership of technology and platforms, appropriate the data created by the public without compensation and will use it to further infringe on the rights and interests of workers and consumers. Only by holding important means of production—such as information infrastructure and core data in key areas—in the hands of state-owned enterprises can the broad masses of working people enjoy the fruits of their own labour through the social welfare created by state-owned enterprises, and their contributions in value creation can be truly reflected. Moreover, giving state-owned enterprises a more important role in the digital economy also plays a significant role in improving the overall income distribution situation in society.

数字资本泛积累性的特点使得普通群众的贡献也应当在分配中有所体现，让发展成果惠及全体人民、逐步实现共同富裕是社会主义国家建设和发展的落脚点，这便需要确保国有企业在数字经济发展中的角色。因为分配问题在本质上是取决于所有制问题的，正如马克思所说：“消费资料的任何一种分配，都不过是生产条件本身分配的结果。”如放任私有资本在数字经济中占主导地位，将不可避免地像西方资本主义国家那样出现日趋严重的两极分化现象。如拿数据这一数字经济时代的核心生产要素来说，私人数字资本家凭借着对技术和平台的私有权无偿占有了由公众创造的数据，并会将其用来进一步侵犯劳动者和消费者权益。只有将信息基础设施和关键领域的核心数据等重要生产资料掌握在国有企业手中，广大劳动者才有可能通过国有企业创造的社会福利享受到自身的劳动成果，其在价值创造中的贡献才能真正得到体现。不仅如此，让国有企业在数字经济中扮演更加重要的角色，对改善社会整体的收入分配状况也具有重要作用。

On the one hand, state-owned enterprises have an important function in regulating income disparities and ensuring fair distribution in the course of digital economy development. First, in primary distribution, state-owned enterprises place greater emphasis on the principle of distribution according to work, setting an important example for the entire industry. Some scholars have compared the average wage levels of employees in state-owned units and urban private enterprises in recent years, finding that state-owned enterprises play a significant role in narrowing income gaps in primary distribution. Second, state-owned enterprises also make outstanding contributions in the process of redistribution. In addition to paying taxes like private enterprises, state-owned enterprises such as China Mobile and China Telecom must also remit a portion of their profits to the state, which constitutes an important component of national fiscal revenue. This provides the state with more adequate funding for research, development, and construction, enabling it to offer public technology products and digital services to more users, promote the continuous penetration of digital technology into western regions, remote mountainous areas, and rural villages, and at the same time have greater capacity to assist low-income groups through transfer payments. Finally, under the guidance of Party building, many state-owned enterprises have actively responded to the call for tertiary distribution, enabling more groups to share the fruits of digital economy development through social welfare, poverty alleviation, charitable donations, and other means.

一方面，国有企业在数字经济发展过程中有着调节收入差距、保障分配公正的重要功能。首先，在初次分配方面，国有企业更加注重按劳分配原则，对全行业起到了重要的示范作用。有学者比较了近年来国有单位与城镇私营单位就业人员的平均工资水平，发现国有企业对缩小初次分配中的收入差距存在重要的拉动作用。其次，国有企业在再分配过程中也有着突出的贡献。中国移动、中国电信等国有企业除了同私营企业一样要上缴税金以外，还要向国家上缴部分利润，这构成了国家财政收入的重要组成部分，使得国家有了更加充分的研发和建设资金保障，为更多的用户提供公共技术产品和数字化服务，推动数字技术在西部地区、偏远山区和乡村的不断下沉，同时有更大的能力通过转移支付帮助低收入群体。最后，在党建工作的引领下，很多国有企业还积极响应第三次分配的号召，通过社会公益、救助扶贫、慈善捐赠等方式令更多群体可以共享数字经济的发展成果。

On the other hand, state-owned enterprises have also made important contributions to resolving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development of the digital economy between regions and between urban and rural areas. The digital divide is a common problem in the development of the digital economy in various countries; the United States, India, Europe, and others are all deeply mired in the wealth disparities it brings and find it difficult to extricate themselves. China also once exhibited a pattern in which technical capacity and enterprise development levels weakened progressively from east to west, and the application of digital technology in rural areas was significantly lower than in cities. In recent years, however, state-owned enterprises have made many efforts to promote the coordinated regional development of China’s digital economy. Many state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, adopt a nationwide layout, supporting the development of underdeveloped regions through investment, assistance, special policies, and other means from a strategic perspective, guiding private enterprises to enter the western regions, border areas, and rural villages, while relying on major engineering projects such as “east data, west computing” [12]12 “East data, west computing” (东数西算) is a major national project launched in 2022 to channel computing power resources from the more developed eastern regions to the western regions, which have abundant energy and land resources, in order to optimize the layout of data centers and promote regional coordinated development. to promote cooperative development among enterprises across regions. These various measures have raised the level of infrastructure construction in underdeveloped regions and rural villages, boosted the transformation and upgrading of local industries, significantly improved the Internet penetration rate and distribution of digital resources in China’s rural areas and various regions, rapidly raised the supply level of digital inclusion and digital public goods, and continuously increased the sales volume of digital production, effectively enhancing the sense of happiness and fulfillment of residents in all localities.

另一方面，国有企业在破解数字经济区域间、城乡间的不平衡不充分发展问题上也作出了重要贡献。数字鸿沟是各国数字经济发展过程中普遍出现的问题，美国、印度、欧洲等均深陷由此带来的贫富差距而难以自拔。我国也一度出现各地技术能力和企业发展水平自东向西逐级减弱的特点，农村的数字化应用显著低于城市。但近年来，国有企业在推动我国数字经济区域协调发展上作出了诸多努力。许多国有企业特别是央企实行全国性布局，从战略视角以投资、帮扶、特殊政策等方式支持落后地区发展，引导民营企业进驻西部、边疆和乡村，同时倚靠“东数西算”等重大工程项目促进区域间企业的合作发展。种种举措提升了落后地区和乡村的基础设施建设水平，助推了当地产业转型升级，使得我国农村和各地区的互联网普及率和数字资源分配明显好转，数字普惠和数字公共产品供给水平快速提升，数字化生产销售额不断增长，切实增强了各地居民的幸福感和获得感。

III. State-Owned Enterprises Should Become the “Leading Geese” in China’s Digital Economy Development

三、国有企业应成为我国数字经济发展的“领头雁”

In addition to their role as a “ballast stone,” state-owned enterprises also possess unique advantages and a key position in digital innovation breakthroughs and economic development. They can better allocate digital capital and resources and further promote the positive role of digital capital. That is to say, the role of state-owned enterprises should not be limited to “holding up the bottom”; they should also “raise the ceiling,” as they have the capacity to further increase the upper limit of China’s digital economy development. At present, however, the number of influential state-owned enterprises in China’s digital economy still lags far behind that of private enterprises. Therefore, the new momentum for digital development in state-owned enterprises should be more fully tapped and released, enabling them to truly become the “leading geese” in China’s digital economy development.

除了“压舱石”的作用外，国有企业在数字化创新突破与经济发展中也拥有独特的优势与关键的地位，可以更好地实现对数字资本与资源的配置，进一步促进数字资本积极作用的发挥。也就是说，国有企业的作用不应只在于“托底”，还在于“拔高”，其有能力进一步提高中国数字经济发展的上限。但当前，我国数字经济中有影响力的国有企业数量与民营企业相比还有着较大的差距。因此，应当更加充分地挖掘和释放国有企业数字化发展新动能，使其真正成为我国数字经济发展的“领头雁”。

(1) State-Owned Enterprises Possess Unique Innovation Advantages and Are Important Subjects in Building a Local Digital Innovation System

（一）国有企业具有独特的创新优势，是建构本土数字创新体系的重要主体

Technological innovation is a prerequisite for further unleashing the positive role of digital capital. For China today, the “bottleneck” problem in core technologies and production processes such as high-end chips, basic materials, and operating systems is one of the most prominent issues constraining the development of China’s digital economy. The difficulty lies in the fact that many technologies are not single technologies in essence, but rather syntheses of numerous process technologies or complex engineering technology systems, involving many materials and components, and the technological blockade by developed countries makes the situation even more difficult. This requires building a local digital technology innovation system that incorporates government, enterprises, universities, research institutes, and other entities to carry out systemic innovation. In this innovation system, only by ensuring that state-owned enterprises play a leading and guiding role can the smooth advancement of the national major innovation strategy be truly achieved.

技术创新是进一步发挥数字资本积极作用的前提条件。因为对于当前的中国而言，在高端芯片、基础材料、操作系统等核心技术和生产工艺上的“卡脖子”现象是掣肘中国数字经济发展最为突出的问题之一。其中的难点在于很多技术本质上并非单项技术，而是大量流程性技术或复杂的工程技术系统的综合，牵涉到诸多材料和零部件，而发达国家的技术封锁令形势更为困难。这就需要构建一个吸纳政府、企业、高校、科研院所等一众主体的本土数字技术创新体系，进行系统性创新。而在这一创新体系中，唯有保证国有企业主体性和引领性作用的发挥，才能真正实现国家重大创新战略的顺利推进。

On the one hand, compared with other micro-entities, state-owned enterprises have unique advantages in innovation resources. Major scientific and technological innovations often require years of accumulated technical expertise, and factors such as the uncertainty of the technology itself also bring a high degree of uncertainty to innovation outcomes. Not to mention whether private capital is subjectively willing to enter those general-purpose technology fields that are prone to diffusion and the high-risk, high-end technology fields in the value chain; even the sustained, high-intensity capital investment and the attraction of high-level talent are objectively difficult for private enterprises to achieve. Even the Bell Labs of the United States in its heyday could not bear the high cost of innovation on its own. State-owned enterprises, which operate public capital, not only have financial commitments from the state and strong financial strength, but also show advantages in terms of salary, benefits, and job stability, making it easier to attract professional talent to engage in scientific research. China’s world-leading digital currency technology, 5G radio frequency transceiver chips, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and others have all achieved innovation breakthroughs under the leadership of state-owned enterprises, and the overall data also bear this out. Although the number of state-owned and state-holding enterprises has decreased significantly in recent years due to economic reform, in 2022, the number of valid invention patents held by state-owned and state-holding enterprises in high-tech industries still reached 185,206, accounting for 27% of all domestic high-tech enterprises, making a huge contribution to high-tech research and development. Such experience should be absorbed by more sub-sectors, enabling state-owned enterprises to play a more prominent role in the research and development of cutting-edge technologies such as lithography machines, operating systems, and industrial software.

一方面，相较于其他微观主体而言，国有企业具有独特的创新资源优势。重大科技创新往往需要经年累月的技术积累，而技术本身的不确定性等因素也会带来创新结果的高度不确定性。且不说私有资本在主观上是否愿意进驻那些易于扩散的通用性技术领域和具有高风险的价值链高端技术领域，单是这种持续性高强度的资本和高层次人才投入就是私人企业在客观上所难以达到的。即便强如当年美国的贝尔实验室，也无法以一己之力承受创新的高成本。而国有企业所运营的公有资本不仅有来自国家的财务承诺，资金实力雄厚，而且在薪酬福利、岗位稳定性方面也展现出优势，更容易吸引到专业人才从事科研工作。当下我国领先世界的数字货币技术、5G射频收发芯片、北斗卫星导航系统等，均是在国有企业的主导下完成了创新突破，而从总体数据上来看也是如此。尽管由于经济改革的原因，近年来国有及国有控股企业单位数量明显减少，但2022年高新技术产业的国有及国有控股企业的有效发明专利数依然达到185206件，在全国内资高技术企业中占比27%，对高新技术研发作出了巨大的贡献。这样的经验理应被更多细分行业所吸收，使国有企业在光刻机、操作系统、工业软件等前沿技术领域的研发过程中发挥更加突出的作用。

On the other hand, state-owned enterprises also have unique organizational integration advantages, serving as a powerful support for concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks and achieving collective breakthroughs in key digital technologies. First, the special nature of state-owned enterprises gives them a natural close connection with the government, and combined with their own unique advantages, it is more convenient and more appropriate for them to become the main establishers and maintainers of high-quality technical standards systems. This makes it easier for state-owned enterprises to effectively guide other market entities in developing core technologies by establishing industry standards, achieving an effective division of labor among various types of capital, and forming innovation clusters. Second, the scale and credit advantages of state-owned enterprises also facilitate their building of innovation platforms involving multiple entities. State-owned enterprises can leverage their own driving capacity to proactively connect with governments, research institutes, and financial institutions, securing policy and financing support for technological innovation, providing funding and application scenarios for R&D activities, and fully releasing the development potential of industry-university-research integration. Finally, as key nodes in the inter-enterprise innovation network, state-owned enterprises can provide technology products with industry-wide commonalities, such as data resources, basic technologies, process flows, and cloud services, reducing the transaction costs of cross-border innovation through the sharing and flow of innovation resources. Upstream and downstream enterprises under the radiation of state-owned enterprises can then form a modular innovation model, each leveraging its own business strengths and collaborating effectively, thereby organizing an industrial innovation system that meets national needs and enables collective tackling of key problems.

另一方面，国有企业还具有独特的组织整合优势，是集中力量办大事、实现关键数字技术集体突破的有力依托。首先，国有企业的特殊性质使其与政府间天然具有密切的联系，加上自身的独特优势，更方便也更应当成为技术高质量标准体系的主要建立者和维护者，这就使得国有企业更容易通过确立行业标准有效引导其他市场主体开发核心技术，实现各类资本间的有效分工，形成创新集群。其次，国有企业的规模和信用优势也有利于其搭建多元主体参与的创新平台。国有企业可以借助自身的带动能力主动对接政府、科研院所和金融机构，为技术创新争取政策与融资支持，为研发活动提供资金和应用场景，充分释放产学研融合的发展潜力。最后，国有企业作为企业间创新网络上的关键节点，可以提供数据资源、基础技术、流程工艺、云服务等具有行业共性的技术产品，通过创新资源的共享和流动降低跨界创新的交易成本。而在国有企业辐射下的上下游企业便可以形成一种模块化的创新模式，各自发挥业务所长并有效协作，从而组织起符合国家需要的、集体攻关的产业创新体系。

(2) As Leading Enterprises, State-Owned Enterprises Are the Dominant Force in Guiding Digital Capital to Build a Complete Digital Economy Industrial Chain

（二）国有企业作为龙头，是牵引数字资本打造数字经济全产业链的主导力量

Forming a stable digital industrial ecosystem is another problem that China’s digital economy urgently needs to solve. Due to the composite nature of digital capital, enterprises with a single business focus find it difficult to gain a stable competitive advantage. Although China already possesses some digital companies with international influence, there is still a certain gap compared with the highly composite large digital capital of Western developed countries. Without a stable digital industrial ecosystem as support, China has to accept a situation where its supply chains are subject to others, exposing many digital companies to relatively high operational risks and procurement costs. Faced with such a problem, it is unrealistic to rely even on large enterprises like Huawei or Tencent to achieve a comprehensive breakthrough across multiple fields. Therefore, integrating local resources, forming a combined force among enterprises of diverse ownership types, and building and improving the local digital economy development ecosystem by creating a complete industrial chain for the digital economy have become more feasible solutions at present.

形成稳固的数字产业生态是中国数字经济亟待解决的另一个问题。由于数字资本复合性的特点，业务内容单一的企业很难在竞争中获得稳固的优势地位。中国虽然已经拥有了一些具备国际影响的数字公司，但与西方发达国家复合性较高的数字大资本相比还有一定的差距。由于没有稳固的数字产业生态作为支撑，中国不得不接受供应链受制于人的局面，令很多数字公司都面临着较高的运营风险与采购成本。面对这样的问题，即使是依靠华为、腾讯这样的大企业完成多领域的整体突破也是不现实的。因此，整合本土资源，在多种所有制企业间形成合力，通过打造数字经济全产业链构建和完善本土数字经济发展生态体系成为当下更具可行性的方案。

In this process, state-owned enterprises play a key leading role as the locomotive. China’s industrial chain is complete in categories and systematic in structure, containing a large number of small and medium-sized sci-tech innovation enterprises with different business scopes. However, the existing industrial chain is built on the basis of the traditional division of labor. The division of labor model from the era of traditional industrialization has solidified industrial processes and resource allocation, forming a corresponding industrial chain layout. Although many enterprises have begun digital transformation in recent years, problems such as inconsistent progress, unclear direction, and redundant construction persist, making it difficult for enterprises to form a co-construction model for the local digital ecosystem. On this issue, relying solely on the strength of private sci-tech innovation enterprises is insufficient; their scale of industry-university-research cooperation is often too small, and the level needs improvement. It is necessary to fully leverage the scale advantages and transmission capacity of state-owned enterprises, so that elements affecting the industrial foundation—such as underlying technologies, basic materials, quality standards, talent teams, and market environment—can be upgraded. Through the transmission of the division of labor system and market signals, state-owned enterprises can efficiently and clearly lead the digital transformation of the industrial chain, promoting the clustered rise of high-tech industries.

在这一过程中，国有企业具有关键性的龙头牵引作用。我国产业链门类齐全、体系完整，存在着大量业务领域各异的中小型科创企业。但现有产业链是建立在传统分工基础上的，传统工业化时代的分工模式固化了产业流程和资源配置，并形成了与之相适应的产业链布局。虽然近年来很多企业都开始进行数字化转型，但也存在进度不统一、方向不明确、重复建设等问题，企业间难以形成对本土数字生态的共建模式。在这一问题上，仅靠民营科创企业的力量是不够的，其产学研合作规模往往偏小，层次也有待提高。必须充分发挥国有企业的规模优势和传导能力，使底层技术、基础材料、质量标准、人才队伍、市场环境等影响产业基础的元素得到更新，通过分工体系和市场信号的传导高效和明确地引领产业链的数字化转型，促进高新产业集群式崛起。

First, state-owned enterprises play an irreplaceable role in “supplementing the chain.” [13]13 “Supplementing the chain” (补链), “strengthening the chain” (强链), and “extending the chain” (延链) are terms used in Chinese industrial policy discourse to describe strategies for repairing, reinforcing, and lengthening domestic industrial supply chains, especially in response to external disruptions and technological decoupling. Facing weak links in the industrial chain, state-owned enterprises can rely on their advantages in scale, data, and application to boldly act as chain leaders and take the lead, using public capital to conduct targeted investment, construction, and R&D activities. This boosts the digital transformation of traditional industries such as manufacturing, services, agriculture, and finance, and cultivates the growth of a number of strategic emerging industries at core “pain points.” Second, state-owned enterprises also hold a key position in “strengthening the chain.” State-owned enterprises are willing to provide technology products and applications with shared attributes to related industries, promoting information exchange and free flow of resources among enterprises, achieving complementary advantages and joint product R&D, and gradually enhancing the technological competitiveness of the entire industrial chain. Furthermore, state-owned enterprises can also provide very considerable procurement opportunities for private enterprises through the huge market scale within the state-owned economy, helping private enterprises in the industrial chain grow stronger. For example, during the difficult period when Huawei was sanctioned by the United States, China Mobile provided it with large-order procurement support on multiple occasions. Finally, state-owned enterprises also have the important function of “extending the chain.” State-owned enterprises can provide a large number of new types of infrastructure and public goods to the market and society, enabling more and more regions and market entities to join the digital economy development system. This can continuously expand the development space of the industrial chain, cultivate new business forms and new scenarios, strengthen the application and innovation of digital technologies, and gradually form a local digital ecosystem that develops synergistically and continuously extends across the entire fields of production, exchange, distribution, and consumption.

首先，国有企业在“补链”上发挥着不可替代的作用。面对着产业链上的薄弱环节，国有企业可以凭借自身在规模、数据、应用上的优势，勇当链长、敢打头阵，利用公有资本有针对性地进行投资、建设和研发活动，助推制造业、服务业、农业、金融业等传统行业的数字化转型，在核心“痛点”上培育一批战略性新兴产业的成长。其次，国有企业在“强链”上也拥有着关键地位。国有企业愿意向相关行业提供具有共享属性的技术产品和应用，推动企业间的信息交互与资源自由流动，实现优势互补与产品共研，逐步提升全产业链的技术竞争力。此外，国有企业还可以通过国有经济内部巨大的市场规模为民营企业提供非常可观的采购机会，帮助产业链上的民营企业壮大实力。譬如在华为公司遭遇美国制裁的艰难时期，中国移动就为其多次提供了大额订单的采购支持。最后，国有企业还有着“延链”的重要功能。国有企业可以向市场和社会提供大量的新型基础设施和公共产品，令越来越多的地区和市场主体加入数字经济发展体系之中，这便可以不断拓展产业链发展空间，培育新业态和新场景，强化数字技术应用创新，逐步在生产、交换、分配、消费等全领域形成协同发展、持续延展的本土数字生态。

(3) State-owned enterprises are important subjects in international digital competition and a powerful support for driving private digital capital to “go global.”

（三）国有企业是国际数字化竞争中的重要主体，是拉动民营数字资本“走出去”的有力依托

Besides technology and industrial issues, market competition—especially in the international market—is equally critical to China’s current digital development. Compared with the United States, China’s digital economy still has a considerable gap in the degree of internationalization. Many local digital companies mainly serve the Chinese diaspora community and have long formed the inertia of relying on the huge scale of the domestic market for development. Even for large companies like Alibaba, Tencent, and Didi, the share of overseas sales revenue is only around 7%. But in fact, digital capital is highly mobile. Many private enterprises are constantly trying to “go global,” yet have always been constrained by the hegemonic structure built by Western digital monopoly capital. Even if some enterprises once achieved considerable market share overseas, the pressure from monopoly alliances, political interference, and long-arm jurisdiction faced under hegemonic intimidation has never substantially changed. Under the circumstances where developed capitalist countries, especially the United States, have formed an industrial闭环 in the international digital market, if domestic digital companies want to break the deadlock, private enterprises cannot always be left to fight alone. Historically, whether it was the once-powerful Japanese company Toshiba or the French unicorn company Gemplus, they were overwhelmed by the national-level suppression of certain countries before they could firmly establish themselves in the world market. Therefore, it is necessary to give full play to the vanguard role of state-owned enterprises. Through their international competition, state-owned enterprises can open up growth space for local private companies in the world market, becoming the “pioneers” and “beachhead occupiers” of China’s digital economy.

除了技术与产业问题外，市场特别是国际市场的竞争对当前中国的数字化发展同样关键。与美国相比，中国数字经济的国际化程度还有着较大的差距。很多本土数字公司主要服务于华人群体，多年来形成了倚靠国内庞大市场规模发展的惯性，即使是阿里巴巴、腾讯、滴滴这样的大公司，海外销售收入份额占比也都只在7%上下。但事实上，数字资本是具有强流动性的，很多民营企业也在不断尝试“出海”，却一直受制于西方数字垄断大资本所构建的霸权格局。即便一些企业曾一度在海外获得可观的市场占有率，但在霸权威慑下所面对的来自垄断同盟、政治干涉、长臂管辖等方面的压力却从未实质性改观。在发达资本主义国家特别是美国已经在国际数字化市场中形成产业闭环的情况下，国内数字公司若想破局，就不能总让民营企业陷入单打独斗的境地。从历史上看，无论是盛极一时的日本东芝公司还是法国独角兽企业金普斯，在还没有在世界市场上站稳脚跟前便在某些国家的举国打压中淹没了。因此必须发挥国有企业的排头兵作用，通过国有企业的国际竞争在世界市场上为本土民营公司开辟成长空间，成为中国数字经济的“拓荒者”与“抢滩人”。

In recent years, the role of state-owned enterprises in international competition has been significant. As of 2022, China had signed e-commerce cooperation memoranda with 28 countries and established bilateral e-commerce cooperation mechanisms. The China-Central and Eastern European Countries E-Commerce Cooperation Dialogue Mechanism and the China-ASEAN Information Harbor have made notable progress, and state-owned enterprises, as important implementers of national will, have made major contributions in this regard. In the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, an important mechanism has also been formed where state-owned enterprises lead infrastructure investment and financing. By providing underlying technologies in communication technology, network security, and basic computing power, state-owned enterprises have opened up and seized vast overseas markets in regions such as Africa and Latin America, where developed countries have not yet fully established a presence. They have also strengthened interconnection, intercommunication, and mutual recognition with countries in Europe and East Asia, providing private enterprises with the technical support and product backing urgently needed for overseas development. At the same time, state-owned enterprises have actively established Sino-foreign joint ventures and overseas holding companies through foreign investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions, deeply engaged in international economic and trade cooperation, and continuously expanded the international footprint of local enterprises, providing more ample resources and opportunities for the export of Chinese local equipment, products, and services.

从近年来看，国有企业在国际竞争中的作用是显著的。截至2022年，中国已与28个国家签署了电子商务合作备忘录并建立了双边电子商务合作机制，中国-中东欧国家电子商务合作对话机制、中国-东盟信息港等取得显著进展，而国有企业作为国家意志的重要落实者，在此期间作出了重大贡献。在“一带一路”建设中，也已形成了国有企业引领基础设施投融资的重要机制，通过提供通信技术、网络安全、基础算力等方面的底层技术，国有企业在非洲、拉美等发达国家尚未全面进驻的地区开辟和抢占了广阔的海外市场，并强化了与欧洲、东亚等国家间的互联互通互认，为民营企业提供了海外发展所急需的技术依托与产品支撑。同时，国有企业还通过对外投资和跨国并购等方式积极设立中外合资公司和海外控股公司，深入开展国际经贸合作，不断拓展本土企业的国际版图，为中国本土装备、产品和服务的走出去提供了更加充分的资源和机会。

Looking to the future, state-owned enterprises remain important subjects for competing over new international digital standards and breaking the existing digital hegemonic structure. The digital age is an era of rapid technological iteration, as well as an era of rapid changes in production methods, business models, and competitive landscapes. Therefore, future competition in the digital age will inevitably be competition over standards, models, and technologies—this is also the key to breaking through the existing Western digital hegemony. State-owned enterprises can leverage their various advantages to exert problem-solving capabilities and strategic foresight, enhance the international competitiveness of key technologies, make advance arrangements in frontier industries, and promote a reshuffling of the existing international digital landscape. Furthermore, on the basis of ensuring the autonomy and integrity of core supply chains, by promoting cooperation in data sharing, technology R&D, and network security within the global value chain, state-owned enterprises can deeply participate in the international governance of the digital economy and the construction of cross-border ecosystems. This allows them to strive for more sufficient discourse power on issues related to development standards, such as technology and security, and promote the building of an open, fair, and non-discriminatory digital business environment. Once dominance over international standards is achieved, it will inevitably rapidly drive the cross-border flow of China’s private digital capital and the large-scale overseas application of its technology products.

从未来看，国有企业依然是竞争国际数字新标准、打破现有数字霸权格局的重要主体。数字时代是技术快速迭代的时代，也是生产方式、商业模式和竞争格局快速变化的时代。因此，数字时代的未来竞争必然是标准之争、模式之争、技术之争，这也是突破西方现有数字霸权的关键。国有企业可以利用自身的各种优势发挥攻关能力和战略前瞻性，提升关键技术的国际竞争力，在前沿产业提前布局，推动现有的国际数字格局重新洗牌。此外，在确保核心供应链自主性和完整性的基础上，通过推动全球价值链上数据共享、技术研发、网络安全等方面的合作，国有企业可以深入参与数字经济国际治理与跨境生态构建，从而在技术、安全等关乎发展标准的问题上争夺更加充分的话语权，推动构建开放、公平、非歧视的数字营商环境。一旦获得国际标准上的主导权，必将迅速带动我国民营数字资本的跨境流动与技术产品的海外规模化应用。

IV. Strengthening the Leading Role of State-Owned Enterprises to Promote High-Quality Development of China’s Digital Economy

四、强化国有企业引领作用，助力我国数字经济高质量发展

To sum up, strengthening the leading role of state-owned enterprises in China’s digital economy development is an important measure for more fully unleashing the positive role of digital capital and accelerating the high-quality development of China’s digital economy. At present, however, state-owned enterprises still face certain problems and institutional-mechanistic obstacles in further accelerating digital transformation, strengthening their leading role in innovation, and optimizing capital operations, making it difficult to fully realize their development momentum and organizational advantages. If state-owned enterprises are truly to shoulder the main burden of China’s digital economy, it is necessary to continuously deepen reform, stimulate innovation vitality, and enable state-owned enterprises to take on more responsibility and achieve more in their development. Accordingly, the following suggestions are put forward.

综上所述，强化国有企业在我国数字经济发展中的引领作用，是更加充分地发挥数字资本积极作用、加快推动我国数字经济高质量发展的重要之举。而当前，国有企业在进一步加快数字化转型、强化创新引领作用、优化资本运营等方面还面对着一些问题和体制机制障碍，使其发展动能与组织优势难以充分发挥。若要国有企业真正挑起中国数字经济的大梁，就必须持续深化改革、激发创新活力，使国有企业在发展中有更多担当和作为。据此，提出以下几点建议。

First, adhere to Party-building leadership [n] to promote and accelerate the pace of digital transformation of state-owned enterprises, and continuously improve the model for tackling key core technologies with state-owned enterprises at the core. Giving play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises requires the coordination of all categories of state-owned enterprises, not merely reliance on those in the information and communications technology sector. Although the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission issued the “Notice on Accelerating the Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises” as early as 2020, due to unclear direction, insufficient motivation, and other reasons, the digital transformation of many state-owned enterprises in traditional industries has progressed relatively slowly, making it difficult to adapt to the requirements of the rapidly developing digital economy. To this end, it is necessary to fully leverage the greatest advantage of state-owned enterprise reform, development, and innovation—the leadership of the Party—to consolidate the ideological and political foundation for the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises, fully recognize the importance of digital transformation and the political, economic, and social responsibilities borne by state-owned enterprises, and effectively promote the integration of artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things technology, etc., with traditional industries, facilitating the continuous upgrading of traditional industrial equipment and business processes. On this basis, continue to use state-owned enterprises as the leading force to shape cross-departmental and cross-industry collaborative innovation organizations, realize the integration and sharing of resources such as talent, capital, equipment, and platforms, and strive to make greater contributions in the fields of basic research and original technology.

第一，坚持党建引领推动和加快国有企业数字化转型步伐，不断完善以国有企业为核心的关键核心技术攻关模式。发挥国有企业的引领作用，需要所有门类的国有企业的协同，而并非只依赖于信息与通信技术门类中的国有企业。虽然国资委在2020年就已经明确印发了《关于加快推进国有企业数字化转型工作的通知》，但由于方向不明确、动力不足等原因，很多传统产业中的国有企业数字化转型进展相对缓慢，无法适应快速发展的数字经济的要求。为此，必须充分发挥党的领导这一国有企业改革发展和创新的最大优势，筑牢国企数字化转型的思想政治基础，充分认识到数字化转型的重要性与国有企业所承担的政治责任、经济责任和社会责任，有效推动人工智能、大数据、物联网技术等与传统产业相结合，促进传统工业装备和业务流程不断升级。在此基础上，继续以国有企业为主导塑造跨部门、跨产业的协同创新组织，实现人才、资金、设备、平台等资源整合与共享，力争在基础研究领域、原创技术领域作出更多贡献。

Second, be more adept at using capital operations to support innovative development. Since state-owned capital plays an important guiding role in the operation and layout of total social capital, state-owned enterprises, especially state-owned capital investment companies and state-owned capital operating companies, must continuously improve their ability to drive innovation through the use of financial markets and capital allocation. State-owned enterprises should target digital technology industry sectors that are vital to the lifeline of national development and the national economy and people’s livelihood. Through the operation of public capital, they should fully leverage the functions of cultivating and building markets and the ability to integrate resources, accelerate the formation of social innovation capital, guide “financial living water” [n] to make investment allocations along upstream and downstream industrial chains, transfer the commercial credit of state-owned enterprises to chain-affiliated small and medium-sized enterprises, incubate more technology companies in niche areas capable of participating in global competition, and thereby promote the accelerated concentration and orderly flow of financial resources within and even between industrial chains, effectively using the power of capital to lead breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies, the forging of core competitiveness, and the construction of business ecosystems.

第二，更加善于利用资本运营助力创新发展。由于国有资本对社会总资本的运营和布局有着重要的导向型作用，因此国有企业特别是国有资本投资公司和运营公司要不断提高利用金融市场和资本布局驱动创新的能力。国有企业要瞄准关系国家发展命脉和国计民生的数字技术产业领域，通过公有资本的运营充分发挥培育市场、建设市场的功能和资源整合能力，加快社会创新资本形成，引导“金融活水”沿着上下游产业链条进行投资布局，将国有企业的商业信用流转到链属中小企业，在细分领域孵化更多能够参与全球竞争的科技公司，从而促进金融资源在产业链条内乃至产业链条间的加速聚集、有序流动，有力地借助资本力量引领前沿技术的突破、核心竞争力的锻造和商业生态的构建。

Third, properly handle the relationship between public digital capital and private digital capital, and create an innovation and economic development system of “national and private sectors advancing together.” [n] Giving play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises and public digital capital in China’s digital economy development by no means belittles the important position of private digital capital in the economic and innovation fields. Scientific and technological innovation and economic development are both systematic projects that require the coordinated participation and interaction of multiple entities. Therefore, while giving play to the leading role of state-owned enterprises, it is also necessary to focus on forming an innovation and development ecology of “national and private sectors advancing together” with private enterprises, appropriately dividing labor and focusing on different areas according to their respective characteristics and advantages. State-owned enterprises should clearly focus their attention on tackling key generic technologies in the industry, providing public goods, and performing integrative functions; increase procurement of independent innovation technologies and products from local private enterprises; promote cooperation and joint progress between regions and industries; provide strong technical support and development space for stimulating the vitality and creativity of private enterprises; and fully respect and leverage the advantages of private enterprises in being “specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative,” [n] accelerating the formation of a situation where multiple types of entities share resources and achieve integrated development.

第三，妥善处理公有数字资本与私有数字资本间的关系，打造“国民共进”的创新和经济发展体系。发挥国有企业和公有数字资本在我国数字经济发展中的引领作用，绝不是轻视私有数字资本在经济、创新等领域的重要地位。科技创新与经济发展都是系统性的工程，需要多主体的协同参与和相互作用。因此在发挥国有企业引领作用的同时，也必须注重同民营企业形成“国民共进”的创新发展生态，根据自身的特点与优势适当进行分工和有所侧重。国有企业应明确将自身注意力放在行业关键共性技术的攻关、公共产品的提供与整合功能的发挥上，加大对本土私人企业自主创新技术和产品的采购力度，促进区域间、产业间的合作共进，为民营企业活力和创造力的激发提供有力的技术支撑和发展空间，并充分尊重和发挥民营企业“专精特新”的优势，加快形成多类主体资源共享、融合发展的局面。

Fourth, actively utilize international innovation and development resources. For state-owned enterprises to be based on global competition, they must be adept at learning from the strengths of all parties and formulating internationalization strategies. On the one hand, state-owned enterprises should aim to become world-class enterprises and form innovation consortia with global competitiveness and influence, actively establish overseas R&D institutions, continuously raise the level of cooperative development, and integrate into the global innovation network with a more proactive posture. This not only helps state-owned enterprises keep abreast of international technological innovation trends and fully utilize the advantageous resources of all parties, but also facilitates expanding the scale of overseas operations and influence in the international division of labor, gradually promoting China’s industrial technology standards to become global common standards. On the other hand, it is also necessary to further promote the introduction of transnational digital capital and outstanding overseas talent. Leading digital capital means not only focusing on the outflow of domestic digital capital but also on the inflow of overseas digital capital. State-owned enterprises should actively participate in building a digital business environment, strengthen the connection between international companies and the Chinese market through in-depth cooperation, continuously optimize diversified talent incentive methods, and widely attract transnational digital companies and top-tier talent to establish a presence, thereby continuously injecting momentum into the development of China’s digital economy.

第四，积极利用国际创新和发展资源。国有企业要立足全球竞争，就必须善于吸纳各方所长，制定国际化战略。一方面，国有企业要以成为世界一流企业和组建具有全球竞争力与影响力的创新联合体为目标，积极建立海外研发机构，不断提升合作发展水平，以更主动的姿态融入全球创新网络。这不仅能帮助国有企业及时掌握国际技术创新动态，充分利用各方优势资源，还有利于扩大海外经营规模和在国际分工中的影响力，逐步推动中国产业技术标准成为全球通用标准。另一方面，还要进一步推动跨国数字资本与海外优秀人才的引进。对数字资本的引领不止要着眼于本土数字资本的流出，还要着眼于海外数字资本的流入。国有企业要积极参与数字化营商环境建设，通过深入合作强化国际公司与中国市场间的联系，不断优化多元化的人才激励方式，广泛吸引跨国数字公司与尖端人才落户，为中国数字经济的发展持续注入动能。

Xi Jinping pointed out: “The digital economy is a matter of the overall national development situation.” [n] To safeguard and develop this overall situation well, the role of state-owned enterprises is indispensable. The role played by state-owned enterprises under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is one of the most important advantages of socialist China compared to Western developed capitalist countries. The nature, scale, and mission of state-owned enterprises determine their irreplaceable leading function in the process of China’s digital economy development. They are both the economic foundation ensuring the socialist nature and direction of China’s digital economy system and an important vehicle for more fully utilizing the characteristics of digital capital to better serve the country and the people. Only when state-owned enterprises are made stronger, better, and larger can China’s digital economy achieve high-quality development on the basis of ensuring security, stability, and fairness, and effectively respond to the increasingly fierce international digital competition. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the guidance of Marxist economic theory and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, adhere to a scientific methodology for the reform of state-owned enterprises, continuously enhance the competitiveness, innovation, influence, control, and risk-resistance capabilities of the state-owned economy through digital construction, continuously strengthen and optimize the leading role of state-owned enterprises, and forge state-owned enterprises into a more important development engine for Chinese-path modernization of the digital economy.

习近平指出：“数字经济事关国家发展大局。”要维护好、发展好这个大局，国有企业的作用不可或缺。中国共产党领导下国有企业作用的发挥，是社会主义中国相较于西方发达资本主义国家最重要的优势之一。国有企业的性质、规模、使命等决定了其在我国数字经济发展过程中难以替代的主导功能，它既是确保我国数字经济体系社会主义性质和方向的经济基础，也是更加充分地利用数字资本的特性，使其更好地为国家和人民服务的重要载体。只有国有企业做强做优做大，我国数字经济才能在保障安全、稳定、公平的基础上实现高质量发展，有力应对日趋激烈的国际数字竞争。因此，必须坚持以马克思主义经济理论和习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持科学的国有企业改革方法论，通过数字化建设持续增强国有经济的竞争力、创新力、影响力、控制力和抗风险能力，不断强化、优化国有企业的引领作用，将国有企业打造成为中国式数字经济现代化更加重要的发展引擎。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗