Research on New Quality Productive Forces Empowering High-Quality Development of the Real Economy

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization," adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposes to "improve the system for deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy."[1]1 The "central region" of China refers to the six provinces of Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Shanxi. This points the direction for accelerating the empowerment of high-quality development of the real economy by new quality productive forces such as the digital economy in the New Era and new journey, thereby promoting high-quality economic development.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化的决定》提出，要“健全促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合制度”[1]。为新时代新征程加快数字经济等新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展，进而推动经济高质量发展指明了方向。

I. The Strategic Value of New Quality Productive Forces Empowering High-Quality Development of the Real Economy

一、新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展的战略价值

Empowering the high-quality development of the real economy with new quality productive forces holds significant strategic value for consolidating the foundation of our national economy, building a modern industrial system, and enhancing our position in the global value chain.

以新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展对巩固我国国民经济根基、建设现代化产业体系和提升全球价值链的位置具有重要战略价值。

(1) Consolidating the Foundation of the National Economy

（一）巩固国民经济根基

As advanced productive forces, new quality productive forces are embodied in industry. They empower the innovative development of the real economy with high technology, empower the development efficiency of the real economy with high efficiency, and empower the development quality of the real economy with high quality, thereby helping to stabilize the growth of the national economy.

新质生产力作为先进生产力，载体是产业，其以高科技赋能实体经济创新发展、以高效能赋能实体经济发展效率、以高质量赋能实体经济发展品质，助力国民经济稳固增长。

First, new quality productive forces are a qualitative state of productive forces possessing high technology, with innovation as an important characteristic. They can promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. Innovation-driven development plays a leading role in the innovation and development of leading industries. Its scope of innovation is broad, covering multiple levels such as technology and business models, in order to adapt to and construct an industrial structure that meets the development needs of new quality productive forces, injecting new momentum into economic growth. At the same time, the innovation model is evolving from imitation to independent innovation, and from technological research and development to comprehensive industrial innovation, to enhance overall scientific and technological strength. Furthermore, the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements is high, effectively boosting the rapid development of new industries and new business forms such as our country's new energy vehicles and intelligent driving.

一是新质生产力是具备高技术性的生产力质态，创新是其重要特征，可以科技创新推动产业创新。创新驱动在主导产业创新发展中发挥引领作用，其创新范畴广泛，涵盖技术、商业模式等多个层面，以适应并构建符合新质生产力发展需求的产业架构，为经济增长注入新动能。同时，创新模式正由模仿向自主、由技术研发向全面产业创新演进，以提升整体科技实力。此外，科技成果转化效率高，有效助推了我国新能源汽车、智能化驾驶等新产业、新业态的迅猛发展。

Second, new quality productive forces possess high efficiency, which helps to stimulate and guide the upgrading of demand, cultivate a strong domestic market, increase effective supply in both domestic and international markets, and enhance the market share of products domestically and internationally. The development of the real economy must stimulate and guide the upgrading of demand through a series of industrial innovation methods, such as product innovation, service innovation, consumption scenario innovation, consumption model innovation, and consumption method innovation. Through demand creation and precise matching of demand, rather than merely traditional demand satisfaction, an effective mechanism is created for the effective connection between supply and demand, providing benefits for leveraging our country's advantages of a super-large market.

二是新质生产力具有高效能性，有助于激发与引导需求升级，培育强大的国内市场，增加国内外市场的有效供给，提升产品的国内外市场占有率。实体经济发展要通过产品创新、服务创新、消费场景创新、消费模式创新、消费方式创新等一系列产业创新方式，激发与引导需求升级。通过需求创造与需求精准匹配，而不仅仅是传统的需求满足，为供给与需求的有效对接创造有效机制，为发挥好我国超大规模的市场优势提供助益。

Third, new quality productive forces possess high quality, which helps drive the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Through various methods such as inter-industry input-output, industrial ecological linkages, and industrial penetration, they play a demonstrative and leading role, rapidly spreading from strategic emerging industries and future industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and biomedicine to traditional industries such as general processing, machinery manufacturing, and energy chemicals, promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries towards innovation, efficiency, and green development.

三是新质生产力具有高质量性，有助于带动传统产业转型升级。通过产业间投入产出、产业生态联系、产业渗透等多种方式，发挥示范带动作用，从新能源、新材料、先进制造、生物医药等战略性新兴产业与未来产业迅速扩散到一般加工、机械制造、能源化工等传统产业，推动传统产业向创新、高效、绿色等方向转型升级。

(2) Building a Modern Industrial System

（二）建设现代化产业体系

Accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system must take the real economy as the focal point and empower the digitalization of production processes, the high-end orientation of industrial structure, and the low-carbon development of industries with advanced science and technology.

加快建设现代化产业体系要以实体经济为着力点，以先进科学技术赋能生产过程数字化、产业结构高端化和产业发展低碳化。

First, new quality productive forces are a new qualitative state of productive forces development in the era of the digital economy. Developing new quality productive forces is conducive to improving the efficiency of resource utilization in the production process. By leveraging intelligent technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data analysis, monitoring and optimization of the production process are strengthened, reducing energy consumption and waste emissions, and achieving a sustainable production model. Developing new quality productive forces can also strengthen the connection between producers and consumers, enhance the synergy between product design and user experience, promote the development of customized production and personalized services, and further push industries towards intelligent and digital development, providing more possibilities for the sustainable development of the economy and society.[2]2 "New Era" (新时代) refers to the period beginning with the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. "New journey" (新征程) refers to the new stage of building a modern socialist country in all respects, beginning with the 20th National Congress in 2022.

一是新质生产力是数字经济时代生产力发展的新质态，发展新质生产力有利于提升生产过程中资源利用效率。借助物联网和大数据分析等智能化技术，加强对生产过程的监测和优化，减少能源消耗和废物排放，实现可持续的生产模式。发展新质生产力还能强化生产者与消费者的联系，加强产品设计与用户体验的协同，促进定制化生产和个性化服务的发展，进一步推动产业向智能化、数字化方向发展，为经济社会可持续发展提供更多可能性。[2]

Second, attributes of new quality productive forces such as high technological content, strong integration capabilities, and wide-ranging fields help industries develop towards the high-end direction. In industrial upgrading, new quality productive forces drive enterprises to optimize and integrate their value chains, flexibly responding to the dynamic evolution of market demand and the continuous restructuring of global industrial chains. Furthermore, new quality productive forces give rise to frontier industries and new business forms such as artificial intelligence, injecting new vitality into the deep optimization, transformation, and upgrading of the industrial structure. By leading the application of advanced technologies such as intelligent manufacturing and the Industrial Internet, new quality productive forces promote the transformation of traditional industries. According to the "China New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology Industry Development 2023" report released by the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2023, in the secondary industry, the integration density of artificial intelligence and manufacturing is as high as 87.36%. This integration is particularly evident in the coal mining industry. As of June 2023, information released by the National Energy Administration indicated that the number of typical cases of intelligent construction in coal mines nationwide had reached 80. At the same time, new quality productive forces also expand the scope of labor objects, opening up broad space for the prosperity of future industries.

二是新质生产力中科技含量高、融合能力强、涉及领域广等属性有助产业向高端化方向发展。在产业升级中，新质生产力推动企业优化与整合价值链，以灵活应对市场需求的动态演变及全球产业链的持续重构。此外，新质生产力孕育了人工智能等前沿产业与新业态，为产业结构的深度优化与转型升级注入了新活力。新质生产力通过引领智能制造、工业互联网等先进技术的应用，推动了传统产业的转型。据中国工程院2023年发布的《中国新一代人工智能科技产业发展2023》显示，在第二产业中，人工智能与制造业的融合分布密度高达87.36%，这方面的融合在煤矿行业表现明显，截至2023年6月，国家能源局发布信息表明全国煤矿智能化建设典型案例已达80项。同时，新质生产力还拓展了劳动对象的范畴，为未来产业的繁荣开辟了广阔空间。

Third, new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces. Traditional productive forces pursue high speed and large scale, whereas new quality productive forces are committed to coordinating the linkage of economic, ecological, and social benefits. Through the optimization of labor objects, labor materials, and energy structures containing green elements, they promote the low-carbon development of industries. New quality productive forces also achieve efficient resource utilization, waste reduction, and sustainability of the product life cycle through deep optimization and comprehensive transformation of the production system. Additionally, new quality productive forces give rise to innovative business models, such as the sharing economy and circular economy, which are important forces driving green development.

三是新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力。传统生产力追求速度快、规模大，而新质生产力则致力于统筹经济、生态和社会效益的协调联动，通过内含绿色要素的劳动对象、劳动资料和能源结构的优化，促进产业低碳化发展。新质生产力还通过深层优化与生产体系的全面转型，实现资源高效利用、废弃物减少及产品生命周期的可持续性。此外，新质生产力还催生了创新型商业模式，如共享经济、循环经济等，是推动绿色发展的重要力量。

(3) Enhancing the Position in the Global Value Chain

（三）提升全球价值链的位置

For our country to achieve an ascent in the global value chain, it must, while coordinating development and security, use the high-quality development of the real economy to support a high level of opening up.

我国要想实现全球价值链的攀升，必须在统筹发展和安全中以实体经济的高质量发展助力高水平对外开放。

First, new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of the real economy helps to build a unified national market, creating a favorable market environment for enhancing the global value chain. Xi Jinping emphasizes the need to "build a unified national market, deepen reforms of the factor market, and establish a high-standard market system."[3]3 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, likely from a speech or document related to economic reform and market construction. In the era of the digital economy, new quality productive forces, using data elements as a new type of production factor, help "promote the smooth flow of commodity elements and resources on a larger scale, and accelerate the construction of an efficient, standardized, fair competition, and fully open unified national market."[4]4 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, likely from a speech or document related to economic reform and market construction. Looking further, data elements provide a digital foundation for improving the market legal system, achieving information balance between market subjects and objects, and providing digital support for building the credit system of a unified national market. Furthermore, data elements effectively reduce information asymmetry between production and consumption subjects, facilitating a direct exchange relationship between them, giving rise to new production and consumption models, and promoting the intelligent, informational, and digital transformation of traditional industries.

一是新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展有助于建设全国统一大市场，为提升全球价值链营造良好的市场环境。习近平强调，要“构建全国统一大市场，深化要素市场改革，建立高标准市场体系”。数字经济时代，新质生产力以数据要素作为新型生产要素，有助于“促进商品要素资源在更大范围内畅通流动，加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场”。进一步看，数据要素为完善市场法制提供了数字化基石，实现了市场主体与客体间的信息均衡，为构建全国统一大市场的信用体系提供了数字化支撑。此外，数据要素有效缩减了生产与消费主体间的信息不对称，促成了两者间的直接交换关系，催生了新的生产与消费模式，推动了传统产业的智能化、信息化、数字化转型。

Second, new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of the real economy helps to promote the development of digital trade, providing support for enhancing the global value chain. New digital infrastructure is an important support for the development of digital trade. By the end of 2023, "the network foundation is increasingly complete. Our country has built the world's largest optical fiber and mobile broadband network, with the proportion of administrative villages nationwide covered by 5G exceeding 80%."[5]5 This is a quotation from an official report or statement, likely from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology or a similar body, summarizing the state of digital infrastructure development in China. New quality productive forces, leveraging advantages such as diverse digital application scenarios and massive data, accelerate the development of digital trade. This can broaden the development path of our country's real economy, accelerate the transformation of the value creation model for goods, reshape enterprise production and organizational forms, promote the deep integration of manufacturing and service industries, drive the digital transformation and upgrading of the real economy, and comprehensively enhance our country's position in the global value chain.

二是新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展有助于推动数字贸易发展，为提升全球价值链提供支撑。新型数字基础设施是数字贸易发展的重要支撑，截至2023年底，“网络基础日益完备。我国已建成全球最大的光纤和移动宽带网络，全国行政村通5G比例超80%”[5]。新质生产力以多元数字应用场景和海量数据等优势加快数字贸易发展，可拓宽我国实体经济发展路径，加速商品价值创造模式的转变，重塑企业生产与组织形式，促进制造业与服务业的深度融合，推动实体经济数字化转型升级，全面提升我国在全球价值链中的地位。

II. Problems That Need to Be Solved Urgently for New Quality Productive Forces to Empower High-Quality Development of the Real Economy

二、新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展亟须破解的难题

While new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of the real economy bring significant opportunities for the transformation and upgrading of the real economy, enhancement of innovation capabilities, improvement of global resource allocation capabilities, and opening up new fields, there are also some problems that need to be solved urgently.

新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展既为实体经济转型升级发展、创新能力提升、全球资源配置能力提升和开辟新领域带来重大机遇，也存在亟须破解的一些难题。

(1) The Impact on the Traditional Real Economy

（一）传统实体经济遭遇冲击

In recent years, the traditional real economy has faced multi-dimensional and deep-level impacts. The causes of these impacts stem from the profound evolution of the global economic landscape, the rapid changes in science and technology, and the dynamic adjustment of consumer demand and preferences. The rise of new business forms has led to changes in market structure.

传统实体经济在近年来面临了多维度、深层次的冲击，这些冲击的原因源于全球经济格局的深度演变、科技进步的日新月异以及消费者需求和偏好的动态调整，新业态的崛起导致市场结构发生变化。

First, the evolution of the global economic landscape has had a profound impact on the traditional real economy. The deepening of globalization has strengthened the linkage between international trade and financial markets, but it has also led to increased economic volatility and uncertainty. The instability of the global economy causes drastic fluctuations in market demand, posing challenges to the operation of the traditional real economy, affecting production plans, inventory management, supply chain stability, and so on. During economic downturns, shrinking demand can lead to overcapacity and inventory backlogs, weakening corporate profitability and market competitiveness.

一是全球经济格局的演变对传统实体经济产生了深远影响。全球化的深入推进使国际贸易与金融市场联动性增强，但也导致经济波动性和不确定性上升。全球经济的不稳定性使市场需求剧烈波动，对传统实体经济运营带来挑战，影响生产计划、库存管理、供应链稳定性等。经济衰退时，需求萎缩会导致产能过剩和库存积压，削弱企业盈利能力和市场竞争力。

Second, the rapid advancement of science and technology poses a major challenge to the traditional real economy. With the rapid development and application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, some traditional industries and products are gradually being replaced by efficient, intelligent technological solutions. This, in turn, changes the production methods and product forms of the traditional real economy and has a profound impact on its business models, organizational structures, and talent structures.

二是科技进步的日新月异对传统实体经济构成了巨大挑战。随着人工智能、物联网等新兴技术的快速发展和应用，一些传统行业和产品正逐步被高效、智能的科技解决方案所取代，进而改变了传统实体经济的生产方式、产品形态，并对其商业模式、组织架构和人才结构产生深远影响。

Third, the dynamic adjustment of consumer demands and preferences places higher requirements on the traditional real economy. Modern consumers have increasingly high demands for product quality, design, and personalization. Moreover, due to the popularity of the Internet and social media, consumers obtain information more efficiently and make more rational choices. This drives the traditional real economy to continuously adjust its product mix, improve quality and service, to adapt to market demands.

三是消费者需求和偏好的动态调整对传统实体经济提出了更高要求。现代消费者对产品品质、设计及个性化要求日益提高，且因互联网与社交媒体普及，消费者的信息获取更高效，选择更理性。这推动传统实体经济不断调整产品组合，提升品质与服务，以适应市场需求。

Fourth, the rise of new business forms has led to changes in market structure, thereby affecting changes in the development models of traditional industries in different regions. The rapid rise of new business forms, especially the digital economy and online services, has profoundly triggered significant changes in market structure. This transformation has a cross-industry, broad impact, affecting not only specific industries but also the overall economic landscape. From the perspective of actual development, the digital economy, as one of the main forms of new quality productive forces, has already produced a certain crowding-out effect on the development of the real economy in China's central region. [1]1 The "central region" of China refers to the six provinces of Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Shanxi. With the continuous penetration of new business forms, the originally stable market boundaries are becoming increasingly blurred, and the competitive landscape between emerging and traditional enterprises is undergoing reshaping. This transformation has a dual impact on the development model of traditional industries: it brings pressure for transformation and upgrading, while also providing new opportunities for integrated innovation and growth.

四是新业态的崛起导致市场结构发生变化，进而影响不同地区传统产业发展模式发生变化。新业态特别是数字经济与在线服务的迅猛崛起已深刻引发市场结构的显著变迁。这一变革具有跨产业的广泛影响，不仅对特定行业，而且对整体经济格局都有着深刻影响。从现实发展来看，数字经济作为新质生产力主要形式之一，已经对我国中部地区的实体经济发展产生一定程度的挤出效应，随着新业态的持续渗透，原有稳定的市场界限日益模糊，新兴与传统企业间的竞争格局正在经历重塑。这一变革对传统产业的发展模式构成了双重影响：既带来了转型与升级的压力，也为其提供了融合创新及增长的新契机。

(2) Key core technologies urgently need breakthroughs

（二）关键核心技术亟需攻关

As global technological competition intensifies, possessing key core technologies has become an important yardstick for measuring a country's competitiveness. However, currently, China still has obvious shortcomings in several key areas and core technologies. For example, China lags behind major Western powers in fields such as chip manufacturing, new materials, aero-engines, and high-end equipment manufacturing, facing the problem of being constrained by others in key core technologies.

随着全球科技竞争日趋激烈，是否拥有关键核心技术已然成为衡量一个国家竞争力的重要标尺。然而，当前我国在若干关键领域和核心技术上仍存明显短板，如我国在芯片制造、新材料、航空发动机、高端装备制造等领域还落后于美西方大国，存在关键核心技术受制于人的问题。

First, insufficient investment in research and development. Although national policies have increased support for technological innovation and R&D funding has increased, investment in the R&D of key core technologies remains insufficient, and its breadth and depth need improvement. Affected by factors such as limited national financial resources and enterprises' conservative attitudes towards high-risk, high-cost technology R&D, there is a gap in China's frontier technology exploration and innovation. The dual shortage of funds and high-end talent further restricts China's breakthroughs in high-end technology fields and the output of high-tech achievements.

一是研发投入不足。尽管国家政策对科技创新扶持力度加大，研发资金投入有所增加，但在关键核心技术的研发投入上仍显不足，广度与深度有待提升。受国家财政资源有限及企业对高风险、高成本技术研发的保守态度等因素的影响，我国前沿科技探索与创新存有差距。资金和高端人才的双重短缺，又进一步制约了我国在高端科技领域的突破及高新技术成果的产出。

Second, technology barriers and intellectual property issues. In certain high-tech fields, foreign technology blockades and strict intellectual property protection pose obstacles to China's technological progress. Major Western powers, through narrow intellectual property laws and technology transfer restrictions, create barriers to China's technology acquisition and innovation. To address this, it is necessary to base efforts on independent innovation, break through technological blockades, strengthen the understanding of the importance of intellectual property, improve relevant domestic legislation, protection, and transaction management mechanisms, to enhance China's position in global technological competition and promote the sustained development of domestic technological innovation.

二是技术壁垒与知识产权问题。在高科技某些领域，国外技术封锁与严格的知识产权保护对我国技术进步构成阻碍。西方大国通过狭隘的知识产权法和技术转让限制，对我国技术的获取和创新形成壁垒。对此需立足自主创新，突破技术封锁，并加强对知识产权重要性的认识，完善国内相关立法保护及交易管理机制，以提升在全球科技竞争中的地位，推动国内科技创新持续发展。

Third, the disconnect between industry, academia, and research. Due to a significant gap between scientific research innovation and market demand, many research achievements are difficult to quickly transform from the laboratory into actual productive forces. The problem of the disconnect between industry, academia, and research is severe. To solve this problem, it is necessary to build a close industry-academia-research cooperation system, strengthen cooperation between research institutions and enterprises, improve the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements, and promote the application of new technologies in the real economy.

三是产学研脱节。由于科研创新与市场需求间存在显著断裂，导致许多科研成果难以从实验室迅速转化为实际生产力，产学研脱节问题严重。为解决这一问题，需构建紧密的产学研合作体系，加强科研机构与企业合作，提高科技成果转化效率，促进新技术在实体经济中的应用。

(3) The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries face challenges

（三）传统产业转型升级面临挑战

Traditional industries are the foundation for developing and forming new quality productive forces. They account for over 80% of the manufacturing industry, serving as the "ballast stone" of economic development and an indispensable part of the real economy. For a long time, they have played an important role in promoting national economic growth, absorbing employment, and creating social wealth. However, with the continuous development of the economy and the constant progress of science and technology, traditional industries are encountering unprecedented challenges.

传统产业是发展和形成新质生产力的基础，其在制造业中的比重超过80%，是经济发展的“压舱石”，是实体经济不可或缺的一部分，长期以来在推动国家经济增长、吸纳就业和创造社会财富等方面发挥了重要作用。然而，随着经济的持续发展以及科技的不断进步，传统产业正遭遇前所未有的挑战。

First, from the perspective of production efficiency, many traditional industries, due to the adoption of relatively lagging production technologies and equipment, have relatively low production efficiency. Modern market demand for products is evolving towards diversification and personalization, and the frequency of product iteration is accelerating. This makes the production model of traditional industries difficult to meet modern consumers' stringent requirements for product quantity, quality, and delivery speed. The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries usually involve the restructuring and optimization of the entire industrial chain. The close collaboration of upstream and downstream enterprises, the stability of the supply chain, and the precise alignment with market demand are all difficulties that need to be overcome during the transformation process.

一是从生产效率的维度审视，众多传统产业因采纳相对滞后的生产技术与设备，致使其生产效率处于较低水平。而现代市场对产品的需求正朝着多样化、个性化方向演变，且产品迭代的频率愈发加快，使得传统产业的生产模式难以契合现代消费者对产品数量、品质及交付速度的严苛要求。传统产业的转型升级通常牵涉到整个产业链的重构与优化，其上下游企业的紧密协作、供应链的稳固性以及市场需求的精准对接，均是在转型进程中需要攻克的难题。

Second, at the product quality level, with consumers' continuous attention to product quality and safety, the shortcomings of traditional industries in areas such as quality control are gradually becoming apparent. Some traditional industries, due to a lack of cutting-edge technical support and a rigorous quality management system, fail to meet product qualification rates, and even have safety hazards, weakening their competitive advantage in the market.

二是在产品质量层面，伴随着消费者对产品品质与安全性的持续关注，传统产业在质量控制等环节的短板逐渐显现。一些传统产业因缺乏尖端技术支撑与严谨的质量管理体系，导致产品合格率不达标，甚至存在安全隐患，削弱了它们在市场中的竞争优势。

Third, environmental protection and energy consumption issues are also increasingly prominent as major challenges faced by traditional industries. In the past development process, some traditional industries lacked sufficient attention to environmental protection, thus generating significant pollution emissions during production. At the same time, due to aging equipment and lagging technology, energy consumption levels remain high, which not only exacerbates domestic environmental pollution problems but also raises the operating costs of enterprises. With the increasingly stringent national environmental protection policies and society's growing emphasis on the concept of green development, the difficulties of traditional industries in environmental protection and energy consumption urgently need to be resolved.

三是环保与能耗问题亦逐渐凸显为传统产业所面临的重大挑战。在过去的发展历程中，部分传统产业对环保的重视程度有所欠缺，因而在生产过程中产生了显著的污染排放。同时，由于设备老化、技术滞后，能耗水平居高不下，不仅加剧了国内的环境污染问题，也抬升了企业的运营成本。随着国家环保政策的日趋严格以及社会对绿色发展理念的日益重视，传统产业在环保与能耗方面的困境亟待破解。

The solution to these difficulties must be achieved through the empowerment of new quality productive forces. In recent years, the effectiveness of new quality productive forces in empowering the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries has become increasingly evident. For example, some building materials enterprises, after adopting artificial intelligence and big data, have not only increased labor productivity by more than 50% but also greatly improved product quality.

这些难题的破解必须通过新质生产力赋能。近年来新质生产力赋能传统产业转型升级发展的成效已日益凸显，如有的建材企业采用人工智能和大数据后，不仅把劳动生产率提升了50%以上，也极大提升了产品质量。

3. Countermeasures for New Quality Productive Forces to Empower High-Quality Development of the Real Economy

三、新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展的对策措施

In the New Era and on the new journey, [2]2 "New Era" (新时代) refers to the period beginning with the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. "New journey" (新征程) refers to the new stage of building a modern socialist country in all respects, beginning with the 20th National Congress in 2022. to better promote new quality productive forces to empower the high-quality development of the real economy, it is necessary to propose effective countermeasures targeting the urgent problems that exist in reality.

新时代新征程，推动新质生产力更好地赋能实体经济高质量发展，需针对现实中存在的亟须破解的难题，提出有效的对策措施。

(1) Empowering High-Quality Development of the Real Economy through Innovative Allocation of Production Factors

（一）在生产要素创新性配置中赋能实体经济高质量发展

Benchmarking the goals and tasks of accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces, take practical measures to facilitate the innovative allocation of production factors, laying a solid foundation for the high-quality development of the real economy.

对标加快形成新质生产力的目标任务，通过切实举措助力生产要素的创新性配置，为实体经济高质量发展筑牢基础。

First, strengthen innovation-driven development and improve the efficiency of factor allocation. Increase investment in R&D, promote technological innovation and the transformation of achievements. Actively build and improve the national innovation system, forming a synergistic innovation force that includes the cooperation of research institutions, universities, enterprises, and other parties. Actively cultivate new industries and new business forms, significantly improving the utilization efficiency and added value of production factors. Use innovation to promote the development of the real economy towards high-end, intelligent, and green directions.

一是要强化创新驱动，提升要素配置效率。加大研发投入力度，推动科技创新和成果转化。积极构建完善的国家创新体系，形成包括科研机构、高校、企业等各方力量的协同合作创新合力。积极培育新产业、新业态，显著提高生产要素的利用效率和附加值。以创新推动实体经济向高端化、智能化、绿色化方向发展。

Second, optimize the factor structure and promote industrial upgrading. Increase investment in high-end factors such as human capital and technological capital to enhance the technological content and added value of industries, promoting the development of industries towards the high end. Promote the digital transformation of industries, using new digital technologies and models to improve production efficiency and quality, achieving industrial upgrading. In this process, the government should play a guiding role through policies, enterprises should focus on technological innovation and improvement, and all sectors of society need to strengthen cooperation to jointly promote the high-quality development of the real economy.

二是要优化要素结构，促进产业升级。增加对人力资本、技术资本等高端要素的投入，以提升产业技术含量与附加值，推动产业高端化发展。促进产业数字化转型，以数字新技术与新模式提高生产效率和质量，实现产业升级。在此过程中，政府应发挥政策引导作用，企业应注重技术创新与提升，社会各界需加强合作，共同推动实体经济高质量发展。

Third, it is necessary to strengthen policy guidance and create a favorable environment for the high-quality development of the real economy. To promote the high-quality development of the real economy, the government should strengthen policy guidance, comprehensively utilize fiscal and tax measures to support the high-quality development of the real economy, and establish special funds to promote scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements. Actively build exchange platforms, strengthen industry-university-research cooperation among the government, enterprises, research institutions, and universities, and jointly create a favorable innovation environment, so as to assist the sustained high-quality development and innovative upgrading of the real economy.

三是要加强政策引导，营造良好的实体经济高质量发展环境。为推动实体经济高质量发展，政府应加强政策引导，综合运用财政、税收等手段支持实体经济高质量发展，设立专项资金促进科技创新与成果转化。积极搭建交流平台，加强政府、企业、科研机构及高校之间的产学研合作，共同营造良好的创新环境，以助力实体经济的高质量持续发展与创新升级。

Fourth, it is necessary to deepen reform and opening-up strategies, further cultivating and releasing market potential. On the one hand, by benchmarking against the goal of building a nationally unified large market, through deepening market-oriented reforms and improving the market structure, we can stimulate the internal motivation and innovation capacity of market entities, thereby driving the innovative allocation of production factors. At the same time, the enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition laws must be strengthened to ensure a fair competitive market environment, thereby effectively boosting the initiative and creativity of market entities and providing impetus for the vigorous growth of the economy. On the other hand, market transaction norms and supervision mechanisms should be established and improved to enhance market transparency and predictability. Strengthen investment in market infrastructure, comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of market services, thereby optimizing resource allocation and enhancing the efficiency of production factor utilization.

四是要深化改革与开放策略，进一步培育和释放市场潜能。一方面，对标建设全国一流大市场的目标，通过深化市场化改革，完善市场架构，以此来催发市场主体的内在动力和创新能力，进而驱动生产要素的创新配置。同时，必须加大反垄断及反不正当竞争法的执行力度，以确保市场环境的公平竞争，从而有效提振市场主体的主动性和创造性，为经济的蓬勃成长提供助力。另一方面，应构建和完善市场交易规范及监督机制，以增强市场的透明度和预见性。加强市场基础建设的投入，全方位提升市场服务的质量和效率，进而优化资源配置，提升生产要素的使用效率。

(II) Empowering High-Quality Development of the Real Economy through Revolutionary Breakthroughs in Technology

（二）在技术革命性突破中赋能实体经济高质量发展

The key focus of new quality productive forces empowering the high-quality development of the real economy is to overcome core key technologies, assist in achieving revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, and remove the technological obstacles in the high-quality development of the real economy.

新质生产力赋能实体经济高质量发展的重点就是要攻克关键核心技术，助力实现技术革命性突破，破除实体经济高质量发展中的技术阻碍。

First, it is necessary to strengthen basic research and applied basic research, enhance original innovation capabilities, and provide sustainable foundational support for the high-quality development of the real economy. Establish a normalized funding support system, including national and local fiscal special funds, interest-free and low-interest loan special funds, to provide sustainable financial support for various research institutions to conduct long-term, in-depth basic research. Build a multi-level, multi-channel talent cultivation system for basic research. For example, targeting core key technologies, especially the basic sciences involved in "bottleneck" problems [7]7 "Bottleneck" problems (卡脖子问题) refers to key technologies or components that China cannot independently produce and must import, making it vulnerable to external supply disruptions. [n] A "one-vote veto" (一票否决) is a cadre evaluation mechanism where a single failure in a designated priority area (e.g., environmental protection, birth planning, social stability) disqualifies an official from promotion or bonus, regardless of other achievements., strengthen talent cultivation and capital investment, taking the lead in seizing the commanding heights of future technological development. Promote the industrialization of basic research achievements. Establish an integrated industry-university-research cooperation community, promote the transformation of basic research achievements into applications, and provide a continuous stream of technological support for the real economy.

一是要加强基础研究和应用基础研究，提高原始创新能力，为实体经济高质量发展提供可持续性基础保障。建立包括国家和地方财政专项、免息和低息贷款专项等常态化的经费支持体系，为各类科研机构开展长期、深入的基础性研究提供可持续的经费支撑。构建多层次、多渠道的基础研究人才培养体系。如瞄准关键核心技术特别是 “卡脖子”问题所涉及的基础性科技，加强人才培养和资金投入，率先抢占未来科技发展的制高点。[7] 推动基础研究成果的产业化发展。建立产学研一体化合作共同体，推动基础研究成果向应用转化，为实体经济提供源源不断的技术支持。

Second, it is necessary to benchmark against the goals of high-quality development of the real economy and form institutional mechanisms conducive to overcoming the core key technologies required by enterprises in the real economy sector. The government should formulate scientific policies, clarify the targets for tackling core key technologies, encourage various entities to actively engage in research and development through means such as special funds, tax and loan incentives, and strengthen industry-university-research collaborative innovation, forming a new pattern of cooperative innovation to overcome core key technologies. Improve the evaluation and reward mechanisms for scientific and technological achievements to stimulate the motivation for scientific research and innovation. Utilize market mechanisms to guide social capital to participate in tackling core key technologies, forming a diversified science and technology investment system, and strengthen intellectual property protection to promote scientific and technological innovation and development across the whole society.

二是要对标实体经济高质量发展目标，形成有利于攻克实体经济类企业所需的关键核心技术的体制机制。政府应制定科学政策，明确关键核心技术攻关目标，通过专项资金、税收和贷款优惠等手段鼓励各主体积极研发，并强化产学研协同创新，形成合作创新攻克关键核心技术的新格局。完善科技成果评价与奖励机制，激发科研创新动力。利用市场机制引导社会资本参与关键核心技术攻关，形成多元化科技投入体系，并加大知识产权保护，以促进全社会科技创新与发展。

Third, it is necessary to benchmark against world-class technological standards and accelerate international scientific and technological cooperation and exchange. Actively participate in international science and technology cooperation projects, conduct in-depth cooperation with internationally advanced enterprises and research institutions, and while ensuring core key technologies are independently controllable, establish a joint tackling mechanism for overcoming core key technologies together with world-class research institutions or countries. While vigorously introducing and learning from world-class technologies and management experience, carry out digestion, absorption, and re-innovation, build world-class technological innovation highlands, and provide key technological support for the high-quality development of the real economy.

三是要对标世界一流技术标准，加快国际科技合作与交流。积极参与国际科技合作项目，与国际先进企业和科研机构开展深度合作，在关键核心技术自主可控的同时，建立和世界一流科研机构或国家共同攻克关键核心技术的联动攻关机制。在大力引进和学习世界一流技术和管理经验的同时，进行消化吸收再创新，打造世界一流技术创新高地，为实体经济高质量发展提供关键技术支撑。

Fourth, it is necessary to establish a core key technology transformation system conducive to precisely serving the high-quality development of the real economy. By establishing and improving the achievement transformation mechanism, promote the effective connection between core key technology achievements and market demand. At the same time, strengthen intellectual property protection, improve relevant laws and regulations, establish an intellectual property protection system covering various fields and aspects, and in response to the rapid development of new technologies, establish an intellectual property improvement system conducive to timely follow-up and adaptation to new inventions, providing strong protection for innovation entities and sustainable innovation support for the transformation of core key technologies. Furthermore, the cultivation of an innovation culture should be strengthened to stimulate the innovation vitality and creativity of the entire society, providing strong support for the high-quality development of the real economy.

四是要建立有利于精准服务实体经济高质量发展的关键核心技术转化体系。通过建立健全成果转化机制，推动关键核心技术成果与市场需求的有效对接。同时，加强知识产权保护，完善相关法律法规，建立涉及各领域各方面的知识产权保护体系，并且针对新科技的快速发展，建立有利于及时跟进、适应新发明的知识产权完善体系，为创新主体提供有力保障，也为关键核心技术转化提供可持续的创新支撑。此外，还应加强创新文化的培育，激发全社会的创新活力和创造力，为实体经济的高质量发展提供有力支撑。

Fifth, it is necessary to take revolutionary technological breakthroughs as the guide to build world-class innovation industry clusters for the high-quality development of the real economy. Increase the empowerment of real economy enterprises by high technology, cultivate world-class modern enterprises with independently controllable core key technologies. For example, build world-leading advanced manufacturing clusters, and leverage the driving role of China's advanced manufacturing clusters on other real economy enterprises, forming a joint force to promote the high-quality development of the real economy. Accelerate the construction of innovation development demonstration zones for manufacturing and other real economy enterprises, providing support for the innovation and development of the real economy nationwide. Through relevant top-level design, provide financial funds, loans, policies, and other support for the construction of innovation development demonstration zones for real economy enterprises.

五是要以技术革命性突破为引领，打造世界级实体经济高质量发展创新产业集群。加大高科技技术赋能实体经济类企业，培育关键核心技术自主可控的世界一流现代企业。如打造具有世界引领性的先进制造业集群，并发挥我国先进制造业集群对我国其他实体类企业的带动作用，形成推动实体经济高质量发展的合力。加快建设制造业等实体类企业创新发展示范区，为全国范围实体经济创新发展提供支撑。通过相关顶层设计，为实体类企业创新发展示范区建设提供财政资金、贷款、政策等支撑。

(III) Empowering High-Quality Development of the Real Economy through Deep Industrial Transformation and Upgrading

（三）在产业深度转型升级中赋能实体经济高质量发展

Deep industrial transformation and upgrading is an important factor in spawning new quality productive forces, and the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of industries is an important component. Therefore, concrete measures should be taken to empower the high-quality development of the real economy through deep industrial transformation and upgrading.

产业深度转型升级是催生新质生产力的重要因素，而产业高端化、智能化、绿色化转型是重要组成部分。因此，应通过切实举措在产业深度转型升级中赋能实体经济高质量发展。

First, it is necessary to promote the transformation and development of real economy industries towards high-end directions. Strive to promote real economy industries towards high-tech, high value-added, and high competitiveness directions. On the one hand, build a policy and market linkage community, forming a joint force to promote the high-end development of real economy industries, actively forming world-class high-quality development clusters for strategic emerging industries and future industries; on the other hand, utilize new technologies to empower the entire process and all fields of various traditional real economy industries, forming high-end empowerment from production to circulation, thereby promoting their transformation, upgrading, and high-end development. It is necessary to increase the research, development, and application of core key technologies, support enterprises in tackling core key technologies through setting up special funds, building research and development platforms, etc., and improve product quality and technological content.

一是要促进实体类产业向高端化方向转型发展。着力推动实体类产业向高技术、高附加值、高竞争力的方向发展。一方面，要构建政策和市场联动共同体，形成促进实体类产业向高端化方向发展的合力，积极形成世界级战略性新兴产业和未来产业高质量发展集群；另一方面，利用新科技、新技术赋能各类实体类传统产业全过程、各领域，形成从生产到流通的高端化赋能，进而促进其转型升级高端化发展。要加大对关键核心技术的研发和应用力度，通过设立专项资金、建设研发平台等方式，支持企业开展关键核心技术攻关，提高产品质量和技术含量。

Second, it is necessary to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading development of various real economy industries. By introducing new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, empower the high-quality development of real economy industries, achieve intelligent control of production, sales, and other processes, and improve the intelligent level of such enterprises. On the one hand, strengthen the construction of the industrial internet, promote supply chain collaboration and resource sharing, build industrial internet platforms, and promote information sharing and resource integration among enterprises; on the other hand, promote intelligent manufacturing equipment and technologies, and improve the automation and intelligence level of production lines.

二是要促进各类实体类产业智能化转型升级发展。通过引入人工智能、大数据、云计算等新技术新科技，赋能实体类产业高质量发展，实现生产、销售等过程的智能化控制，提高该类企业的智能化水平。一方面，加强工业互联网建设，推动供应链协同和资源共享，建设工业互联网平台，促进企业间的信息共享和资源整合；另一方面，推广智能制造装备和技术，提高生产线的自动化和智能化水平。

Third, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a green, low-carbon, circular industrial development system, and promote the green development of real economy industries. By promoting clean energy, implementing energy-saving and emission-reduction measures, strengthening environmental governance, etc., reduce the energy consumption and emissions of real economy enterprises, and improve resource utilization efficiency. Accelerate the construction of an enterprise environmental protection standard system, providing a basis for enterprises and governments at all levels and officials to carry out environmental governance and green development. On the one hand, for government officials, implement a strict environmental protection responsibility system, establishing a cadre assessment system where local Party and government main cadres directly involved in environmental issues face a one-vote veto for promotion [n]; on the other hand, for enterprises themselves, implement strict punishment and shutdown policies, thereby forming a joint force for environmental governance and green development. In this process, through preferential policies such as tax reductions and loan interest reductions, encourage enterprises to adopt environmentally friendly materials and processes, reducing energy consumption and emissions during production.

三是要加快构建绿色低碳循环产业发展体系，推动实体类产业绿色化发展。要通过推广清洁能源、实施节能减排措施、加强环境治理等方式，降低实体类企业的能耗和排放，提高资源利用效率。要加快企业环保标准制度体系建设，为企业和各级政府及官员进行环境治理、绿色化发展提供依据。一方面，对于政府官员来说，实施严格的环保责任制，建立环境问题地方直接涉及的党政主要干部晋升一票否决的干部考核体系；另一方面，对于企业自身来说，实施严厉的处罚和关停政策，从而形成环境治理和绿色化发展的合力。在这一过程中通过税收减免、贷款利息减免等优惠性政策，鼓励企业采用环保材料和工艺，降低生产过程中的能耗和排放。

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗