Looking at the Cultural Industry in the New Era through Marx's Theory of the Division of Labor and Cooperation

The New Era domestic cultural products represented by the domestic 3A game masterpiece *Black Myth: Wukong* and the domestic animated film *Nezha: The Devil Child Stirs Up the Sea* have aroused intense public attention to the further development of China's cultural industry in the New Era. Through technological integration, synergy among factors, and benign interaction among multiple business forms, these New Era cultural masterpieces have realized the creative transformation and innovative development of high-quality cultural resources, vividly demonstrating the important role of the concept of coordinated development in the growth of the cultural industry. As a deepening and extension of Marx's theory of the division of labor and cooperation, the concept of coordinated development is of great significance for spawning more growth points and promoting the development of the cultural industry.

以国产3A游戏巨作《黑神话：悟空》及国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童闹海》为代表的新时代国产文化产品，引发了全社会对进一步发展我国新时代文化产业的热烈关注。通过技术融合、要素协同以及多业态的良性互动，这些新时代文化精品实现了对优质文化资源的创造性转化与创新性发展，生动展现了协同发展理念在文化产业发展过程中的重要作用。作为马克思分工协作理论的深化与拓展，协同发展理念对于催生更多增长点、促进文化产业发展具有重要意义。

From the Division of Labor and Cooperation to Coordinated Development

从分工协作到协同发展

In the *Economic Manuscripts of 1861–1863*, Marx systematically set out his theory of the division of labor and cooperation. He proposed that the division of labor is "the totality of all special modes of productive activity," while cooperation, as the organizational form of the social division of labor, is "the foundation of all social combinations aimed at raising the productivity of labor." With the deepening of the social division of labor, the refinement of tools of production and the specialization of productive activities have shaped a new pattern of differentiation and integration among production departments and enterprises, becoming an important catalyst for technological progress. Every leap in technology has in turn further promoted the development of the division of labor and cooperation, and the two have formed a virtuous cycle of mutual reinforcement. Marx's theory constitutes the basic framework for understanding the relations of production and social relations in the era of modern large-scale industry, and reveals the core meaning of coordinated development.

在《1861—1863年经济学手稿》中，马克思系统地阐述了其分工与协作理论。他提出，分工是“一切特殊的生产活动方式的总体”，而协作作为社会分工的组织形式，则是“一切以提高劳动生产率为目的的社会组合的基础”。随着社会分工的深入推进，生产工具的细化和生产活动的专业化塑造了生产部门及企业间分化与整合的新格局，成为推动技术进步的重要催化剂。技术的每次飞跃又进一步推动了分工与协作的发展，二者形成了相互促进的良性循环。马克思的这一理论构成了理解现代大工业时代生产关系和社会关系的基础框架，揭示了协同发展的核心意涵。

Coordination is a dynamic process of harmonization, cooperation, and even synchronized linkage among the subsystems within a system; it is the result of a high degree of integration of collective behavior, and a mode of organizing productive forces that combines a high degree of division of labor with close cooperation. Coordination not only gives full play to the efficiency advantages brought by the division of labor, but also effectively reduces the rising costs that excessive division of labor may cause, promoting a dual improvement in production efficiency and economic returns. As an extension of Marx's theory of the division of labor and cooperation, the concept of coordinated development provides a richer understanding of the division of labor and cooperation, showing that only by deepening a rational division of labor and specialized cooperation to promote close linkages among subjects and to achieve orderly and efficient collective behavior can the optimization of overall benefits be realized. The same applies to developing the cultural industry in the New Era: it requires not only the optimal allocation and efficient combination of all elements within the system, but also the exploration of innovation in the integrated development of multiple systems, so as to promote the optimization and upgrading of China's cultural industry structure and the continuous enhancement of its market competitiveness.

协同是系统内部各子系统间协调、合作乃至同步联动的动态过程，是一种集体行为高度整合的结果，是将高度分工与紧密协作相结合的生产力组织方式。协同不仅极大地发挥了分工所带来的效率优势，还有效降低了过度分工可能导致的成本攀升，促进了生产效率与经济效益的双重提升。作为对马克思分工协作理论的拓展，协同发展理念提供了对分工与协作更为丰富的理解，表明只有通过深化合理分工与专业化协作促进主体间的紧密联结，实现集体行为的有序高效，才能推动整体效益的最优化。发展新时代文化产业也是如此，不仅要求实现系统内各要素的优化配置与高效组合，更需要在多元系统的融合发展中探索创新，从而推动我国文化产业结构优化升级和市场竞争力持续增强。

Three Major Coordinations to Promote the Development of the Cultural Industry

三大协同推动文化产业发展

In recent years, driven by multiple factors such as technological innovation, policy support, and capital injection, China's cultural industry has shown a sound development trend. However, China's cultural industry still needs to realize, through three major coordinations, the full exploration and transformation of fine traditional cultural resources, the cultivation and growth of cultural innovation subjects, and the effective enhancement of the international competitiveness of cultural products.

近年来，在技术革新、政策扶持、资本注入等多重因素推动下，我国文化产业呈现出良好的发展态势。然而，我国文化产业仍需通过三大协同实现对优秀传统文化资源的充分挖掘转化、文化创新主体的培育壮大以及文化产品国际竞争力的有效提升。

The coordinated development of cultural innovation and cultural dissemination is the key to cultural self-strengthening. Cultural innovation injects a continuous stream of creativity into the industry, while cultural dissemination enables more audiences to obtain cultural products through extensive channels and diverse forms, promoting the realization of the value of cultural products. With the support of cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and virtual reality, abundant cultural resources have achieved creative transformation and innovative development through diversified means of presentation and innovative expression. Realizing the coordinated development of cultural innovation and dissemination can not only effectively promote the inheritance and promotion of fine traditional Chinese culture, but will also greatly broaden the consumer market for China's cultural products.

文化创新和文化传播协同发展是文化自强的关键。文化创新为产业注入源源不断的创造力，而文化传播则通过广泛的渠道和多元形式让更多受众获取文化产品，推动文化产品价值的实现。在大数据、云计算、虚拟现实等前沿技术的支持下，丰富的文化资源通过多样化的呈现手段与创新表达实现了创造性转化和创新性发展。实现文化创新与传播协同发展，不仅能有效促进中华优秀传统文化的传承与弘扬，还将极大拓宽我国文化产品的消费市场。

The coordinated development of internal institutions and the external environment is the key to constructing the cultural industry system. The high-quality development of the cultural industry requires not only strong support from the external policy environment, but also depends on the improvement of internal management mechanisms within enterprises and the continuous enhancement of innovation capacity. Only through internal-external coordination can the innovative development of the cultural industry be realized in a fiercely competitive market environment. For example, Game Science Interactive Technology Co., Ltd. has established branches in multiple regions, broadly attracting talent to form an advantage in internal operations and management; at the same time, it has obtained policy, capital, and platform services from multiple sources to achieve the integration of external resources. It is precisely by relying on this coordination between internal institutions and the external environment that Game Science achieved the great success of *Black Myth: Wukong*.

内部体制和外部环境协同发展是文化产业体系构建的关键。文化产业的高质量发展不仅需要外部政策环境的有力支撑，更依赖企业内部管理机制的完善与创新能力的持续提升。只有通过内外协同，才能在激烈的市场环境中实现文化产业的创新发展。例如，游科互动公司通过多区域设立分支机构，广泛吸纳人才形成内部运营管理优势；同时，多方获取政策、资金、平台服务以实现外部资源整合。正是依靠这一内部体制与外部环境的协同，游科互动公司才取得了《黑神话：悟空》的巨大成功。

The multi-business-form coordinated development of the cultural industry is the key to extending the value space of the cultural industry. The coordinated integration of multiple business forms not only expands the boundaries of the cultural industry, but also releases enormous value-added potential in content innovation and the development of international markets. At present, cross-sector coordination, integrated online-offline operations, deep IP development, and the extension of derivative product industry chains have become the core trends for expanding the territory of the cultural industry and enhancing industrial added value. Currently, digital cultural products represented by online literature, online film and television, and online games have reshaped the pattern and ecology of the cultural industry through a multi-business-form coordinated development model, and have become the "new three exports" of Chinese culture going global, injecting new development momentum into China's cultural industry.

文化产业的多业态协同发展是延展文化产业价值空间的关键。多业态的协同整合不仅扩大了文化产业的边界，更在内容创新和国际市场开拓方面释放出巨大的增值潜力。当前，跨界协同、线上线下一体化运营、IP深度开发及其衍生品产业链延伸，已成为拓展文化产业版图和提升产业附加值的核心趋势。目前，以网络文学、网络影视、网络游戏为代表的数字文化产品通过多业态协同发展模式重塑了文化产业格局与生态，已成为中国文化出海的“新三样”，为中国文化产业注入新的发展动力。

Three Focal Points for Realizing the Coordinated Development of the Cultural Industry

三点着力实现文化产业协同发展

First, promote the coordinated innovation of culture and technology, and activate the potential of fine cultural resources. The potential of digital technology should be fully exploited to carry out comprehensive and high-precision digital recording and restoration of precious resources such as historical relics, heritage sites, and intangible cultural heritage, laying the foundation for the development and utilization of cultural resources. Cultural enterprises should be actively guided to deeply integrate with digital technology, using modern technological means to carry out creative transformation of elements, symbols, and historical memories with profound cultural connotations, so that fine cultural resources are presented to the public in a more vivid and convenient manner. In addition, investment in the construction of new cultural infrastructure should be increased, accelerating the transformation of cultural experiences toward scenarized and interactive directions, narrowing the distance between the public and traditional culture, and enabling traditional culture to radiate new vitality and vigor in modern society.

第一，促进文化科技协同创新，激活优秀文化资源潜能。应充分发挥数字技术的潜力，对历史文物、古迹遗址、非物质文化遗产等珍贵资源进行全面且高精度的数字化记录与复原，为文化资源的开发利用奠定基础。积极引导文化企业与数字技术深度融合，利用现代科技手段对具有深厚文化底蕴的元素、符号和历史记忆进行创造性转化，使优秀文化资源以更生动、便捷的方式呈现于公众视野。此外，还需加大新型文化基础设施建设的投资力度，加速文化体验向场景化、互动化方向转型，拉近大众与传统文化的距离，使传统文化在现代社会焕发出新的生机与活力。

Second, strengthen the coordinated support of industrial factors, and stimulate the innovation vitality of cultural enterprises. Support for small and medium-sized cultural technology enterprises should be strengthened, a scientific and reasonable system of incentive policies should be established, the smooth flow of resource factors and value co-creation should be promoted, and strategic coordination and resource sharing among enterprises should be advanced. Focusing on the actual needs of cultural technology enterprises in terms of capital and talent, the allocation mechanism of special funds for the cultural industry should be optimized to ensure precise investment of funds. At the same time, cultural technology enterprises should be encouraged to build open and inclusive innovation ecosystems, attracting the deep participation of multiple subjects from government, industry, academia, and research, and cultivating cultural technology industry clusters with radiating and driving influence. In addition, the successful experience of cultural industry carriers in various regions should be promoted, comprehensively improving the capacity and efficiency of local services for cultural technology enterprises, and fully stimulating the innovation vitality and endogenous driving force of enterprises.

第二，强化产业要素协同支撑，激发文化企业创新活力。应加强对中小型文化科技企业的支持，建立科学合理的激励政策体系，促进资源要素的顺畅流动与价值共创，推动企业间的战略协同与资源共享。聚焦文化科技企业在资金与人才方面的实际需求，优化文化产业专项资金的分配机制，确保资金精准投放。同时，鼓励文化科技企业构建开放包容的创新生态系统，吸引政、产、学、研等多元主体的深度参与，培育具有辐射力和带动性的文化科技产业集群。此外，还应推广各地文化产业载体的成功经验，全面提升地方对文化科技企业的服务能力和效率，充分激发企业的创新活力与内生动力。

Third, promote the coordinated co-creation of cultural masterpieces, and facilitate the global dissemination of original content. The core values and unique charm of fine traditional Chinese culture should be deeply explored, digital technology should be used to vividly narrate Chinese stories, and at the same time global multiculturalism should be actively embraced, deepening cooperation with international cultural technology enterprises to jointly create high-quality content rooted in Chinese cultural soil and possessing both a global vision and appeal. The deep integration of digital culture with related industries should be promoted, combining popular cultural IPs with diversified and youthful forms of expression such as games, animation, and online literature, advancing the innovative development of the cultural industry toward higher levels and broader fields. Various communication media such as video, graphics and text, and audio content should be actively utilized, combined with innovative models such as personalized customization, precision marketing, and networked sharing, to enhance the promotion and dissemination effect of China's digital cultural products on overseas social media platforms.

第三，推动文化精品协同共创，助力原创内容全球传播。深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化的核心价值与独特魅力，运用数字技术生动演绎中国故事，同时积极拥抱全球多元文化，与国际文化科技企业深化合作，共同打造根植于中华文化土壤，兼具全球视野和吸引力的优质内容。推动数字文化与相关产业深度融合，将广受欢迎的文化IP与游戏、动漫和网络文学等多样化、年轻化的表达形式相结合，推动文化产业向更高层次、更广领域的创新发展迈进。积极利用视频、图文、有声内容等多种传播媒介，结合个性化定制、精准化营销和网络化共享等创新模式，增强我国数字文化产品在海外社交媒体平台的推广力度与传播效果。

(The authors are Director and Researcher of the Institute of Soft Science Development, Jilin Academy of Social Sciences; and Associate Researcher of the Institute of Soft Science Development, Jilin Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系吉林省社会科学院软科学开发研究所所长、研究员；吉林省社会科学院软科学开发研究所副研究员）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧