The Logic and Path of Promoting People’s All-Round Development with New Quality Productive Forces

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “The fundamental purpose of the Party leading the people in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, carrying out reform and opening up, and advancing socialist modernization is precisely to continuously improve the people’s material and cultural living standards and promote people’s all-round development through the development of the social productive forces.” Realizing people’s all-round development is not only the fundamental value pursuit of Chinese-path modernization but also the ideal goal that each “real individual” tirelessly strives for. However, the realization of people’s all-round development does not depend on whether people’s enthusiasm is high; rather, it is deeply constrained by numerous factors, among which the degree of development of the productive forces is an important condition affecting people’s development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces in which innovation plays a leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth modes and paths of productive forces development, and are characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, in line with the new development philosophy. They are driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimal combination, and their core hallmark is a substantial increase in total factor productivity.” With the introduction of the concept of new quality productive forces, the academic community has conducted research on it. Although a large amount of research has been carried out on new quality productive forces from dimensions such as their connotation, characteristics, and specific applications in different fields, there has been relatively little analysis linking new quality productive forces with people’s development. In fact, it is precisely because of the continuous transformation of the face of the productive forces that the comprehensiveness of people’s development accompanying them can be renewed. New quality productive forces have milestone significance in the history of the development of the productive forces and can provide favorable conditions for people’s all-round development. Therefore, based on the new characteristics of people’s all-round development in the practice of Chinese-path modernization, clarifying the main directions and effective measures for new quality productive forces to empower people’s all-round development is of great significance for promoting people’s all-round development on the new journey of the New Era.

习近平总书记指出：“党领导人民全面建设小康社会、进行改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的根本目的，就是要通过发展社会生产力，不断提高人民物质文化生活水平，促进人的全面发展。” 实现人的全面发展，既是中国式现代化的根本价值追求，也是每位“现实的个人”孜孜以求的理想目标。然而，人的全面发展的实现并非取决于人们的热情是否高昂，而是深受众多因素的制约，其中，生产力的发展程度是影响人的发展的重要条件。习近平总书记指出：“新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志。”伴随新质生产力概念的提出，学界对其展开了研究。虽然从内涵、特征及在不同领域的具体应用等维度对新质生产力展开了大量研究，但较少将新质生产力与人的发展联系起来予以分析。实际上，正是由于生产力面貌的不断变换，与之伴随的人的发展的全面性才得以推陈出新。新质生产力在生产力发展史上具有里程碑意义，能够为人的全面发展提供有利条件。因此，立足中国式现代化实践中人的全面发展所呈现出的新特征，明晰新质生产力赋能人的全面发展的主要方向及有效举措，对于新时代新征程促进人的全面发展具有十分重要的意义。

I. Basic Characteristics of People’s All-Round Development in the New Era

一、新时代人的全面发展的基本特征

“The ultimate goal of modernization is to realize people’s free and all-round development.” To grasp the new characteristics of people’s all-round development in the context of Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to inquire into the essence of “people’s all-round development.” People’s all-round development means that people, in a comprehensive way, as complete human beings, take possession of their own comprehensive essence. Human essence has multiple determinations; it is not only manifested as “free and conscious practical activity” and embodied as “the sum total of all social relations,” but also expressed as people’s conceptual and conscious grasp of the external world. Based on the multiple determinations of the premise of “human essence,” people’s all-round development displays multiple orientations in the practice of Chinese-path modernization.

“现代化的最终目标是实现人自由而全面的发展。”把握人的全面发展在中国式现代化背景下的新特征，需要对“人的全面发展”的本质进行追问。人的全面发展是指人以一种全面的方式，即作为一个完整的人而占有自己的全面的本质。人的本质有多重规定，它不仅表现为“自由自觉的实践活动”，体现为“一切社会关系的总和”，而且还体现为人以观念意识对外部世界的把握。基于“人的本质”这一前提性存在的多重规定，人的全面发展在中国式现代化实践中展示出多重定位。

First, the all-round development of people’s practical activity. People’s all-round development means that people’s practical labor achieves comprehensive and diverse development. In the traditional mode of productive forces, people’s mode of labor was characterized by the combination of “human and things.” From the perspective of the production landscape of the past industrial era, the level of people’s social power was influenced by factors such as natural conditions and the degree of mechanization. In the process of Chinese-path modernization, the modernization of the productive forces pushes the development of the productive forces to a new stage. Under this new historical stage, people to a certain extent break free from the shackles of “things” and gradually extend to intelligent production, information-based production, and other “non-thing” spaces characterized by digital production. To a certain extent, production in “non-thing” spaces has already become a unique mode of labor for contemporary people. Overall, the advent of new quality productive forces deepens people’s exploration of the digital domain, enabling people’s practical activity, whether in content or form, to achieve comprehensive and diverse development, and this all-round development of practical activity means people’s all-round development.

首先，人的实践活动的全面发展。人的全面发展意味着人的实践劳动得到全面的、多样的发展。在传统生产力模式中，人的劳动方式是以“人与物”的结合为特征。从以往工业时代的生产图景来看，人的社会力的水平高低要受到自然条件、机械化程度等因素的影响。在中国式现代化进程中，生产力的现代化将生产力发展推向新的阶段。在新的历史阶段下，人们从一定程度上摆脱“物”的束缚，逐渐延伸至智能化生产、信息化生产等以数字生产为特征的“非物”空间。在一定程度上，在“非物”空间的生产已经成为当代人独有的劳动方式。从总体上看，新质生产力的问世深化人们对数字领域的探索，使得人的实践活动无论是在内容还是在形式方面，都得到全面的、多样的发展，而这种实践活动的全面发展意味着人的全面发展。

Second, the comprehensive enrichment of people’s social relations. The richness of social relations reflects a person’s degree of development. The comprehensiveness of an individual’s development is not an ideal form but is reflected in reality by the comprehensiveness of social relations formed in social production. In traditional society, the establishment and maintenance of people’s social relations were more often accomplished through actual social production. Due to constraints of specific time and space, social relations in traditional society appeared simple and one-sided. However, in modern society, especially since the era of the digital economy, the way people construct social relations has undergone earth-shaking changes. Virtual elements such as information, data, and algorithms break the constraints of specific time and space, broadening the boundaries of people’s interactions into virtual space and promoting the virtualization of people’s social relations. It can be seen that the comprehensiveness of individual development in modern society is not only reflected in the complexity of people’s social relations in the real world but also in the reflection of the virtualization of social relations driven by emerging technologies in modern production.

其次，人的社会关系的全面丰富。社会关系的丰富性反映着一个人的发展程度。个人发展的全面性，不是一个理念形态，而是在其现实中，由社会生产中形成的社会关系的全面性反映出来的。在传统社会中，人们的社会关系的建立与维系更多是通过现实的社会生产来完成的。由于受到具体时间、空间的约束，传统社会中的社会关系表现得单一且片面。然而，在现代社会中，特别是数字经济时代以来，人们社会关系的建构方式发生翻天覆地的变化。信息、数据、算法等虚拟要素打破具体时空的限制，将人的交往边界拓宽到虚拟空间，促进人的社会关系的虚拟化发展。可见，现代社会中个人发展的全面性，不仅体现为人们现实世界的社会关系的复杂化，还体现为对现代生产中新兴科技推动社会关系虚拟化发展的反映。

Finally, the comprehensive improvement of people’s qualities. People’s comprehensive qualities are gradually formed and developed with the diversification of people’s practical activities and the enrichment of social relations. From a historical perspective, the concept of “male superiority and female inferiority” in feudal society was once an important value yardstick for measuring people’s development. This value concept reflected the low level of people’s practical activities and social relations. In modern society, the concept of “equality between men and women” has taken deep root in people’s hearts, which not only promotes people’s ideological emancipation but also further elevates the degree of people’s development. In the process of Chinese-path modernization, with the diversification of people’s practical activities and the enrichment of social relations, the most prominent manifestation of people’s modernization lies in the comprehensive improvement of people’s comprehensive qualities. The comprehensive improvement of people’s comprehensive qualities is not only reflected in people’s basic qualities, such as moral qualities and physical qualities, but more importantly, in the enhancement of people’s knowledge and skills, social interaction abilities, and so on.

最后，人的素质的全面提高。人的综合素质是随着人的实践活动的多样化、社会关系的丰富化逐渐形成、发展起来的。从历史的角度看，封建社会中“男尊女卑”的观念曾经是衡量人的发展的重要价值尺度。这种价值理念反映出人的实践活动、社会关系的低水平程度。在近代社会中，“男女平等”的观念深入人心，这不仅促进人们的思想解放，还使得人的发展程度得到了进一步提升。在中国式现代化进程中，随着人的实践活动的多样化、社会关系的丰富化，人的现代化的最突出表现在于人的综合素质全面提高。人的综合素质的全面提高，不仅反映在人的基础素质，如道德素质、身体素质等方面，更重要的是人的知识技能、社会交往能力的提升等。

From the above, it can be seen that people’s all-round development in the New Era presents new characteristics in terms of practical labor, social relations, and comprehensive qualities, thereby placing higher demands on social development. As a new form of productive forces development with milestone significance, new quality productive forces inject new vitality into social development through technological innovation, thereby providing new impetus for people’s all-round development. Therefore, under the impetus of emerging technologies, people’s state of existence moves from tradition to modernity, and the significance of their all-round development is further deepened.

由上可知，新时代人的全面发展在实践劳动、社会关系、综合素质等方面均呈现出新的特征，由此对社会发展提出更高的需求。新质生产力作为生产力发展的具有里程碑式意义的新形态，通过科技创新为社会发展注入新活力，进而为人的全面发展提供新动力。因此，人的生存状态在新兴科技的推动下由传统走向现代，其全面发展的意义得到进一步深化。

II. The Logic of Promoting People’s All-Round Development with New Quality Productive Forces

二、以新质生产力推动人的全面发展的逻辑

Realizing people’s all-round development is inseparable from advanced productive forces. Without the premise of a high degree of development of the productive forces, no matter how profound the idea of people’s all-round development may be, it is utterly meaningless for the real transformation of people’s existence and development. As a brand-new form of productive forces obtained by integrating emerging technologies in the process of productive forces development, new quality productive forces can provide ample material conditions for people’s all-round development.

实现人的全面发展离不开先进的生产力。如果没有生产力的高度发展为前提，人的全面发展的思想无论多么深刻，对于人的存在和发展的现实变革来说，也是丝毫没有意义的。新质生产力作为生产力发展进程中以融入新兴科技而获得的崭新生产力形态，能够为人的全面发展提供充足的物质条件。

(A) New Quality Productive Forces Can Enhance People’s Practical Abilities

（一）新质生产力能够提升人的实践能力

According to the Marxist viewpoint, practice is an activity belonging to humans, a material activity in which the subjective is objectified, characterized by linking subjective cognition with objective things. New quality productive forces can enhance people’s subjective cognitive abilities, expand the scope of practical objects, and strengthen the interactivity between the practical subject and the practical object, thereby creating conditions for people’s all-round development.

依据马克思主义的观点，实践是属人的活动，是主观见之于客观的物质活动，具有把主观认识同客观事物联系起来的特点。新质生产力能够增强人的主体认识能力、拓展实践客体的范围以及增强实践主体与实践客体之间的交互性，为人的全面发展创造条件。

First, new quality productive forces can enhance the subject’s cognitive ability. For individuals, adapting to the impact of new quality productive forces on social development requires continuous learning of emerging knowledge. Because “in today’s world, knowledge and information are rapidly updated; the slightest slack in learning will lead to falling behind.” [3]3 Source not identified in the original; likely a paraphrase of a common Party admonition on continuous learning. The process of individuals integrating into the development of new quality productive forces is a process of learning new knowledge, training abstract thinking ability, and enhancing the subject’s cognitive ability. For example, the increasing prevalence of technological ecosystems such as “smart living” and “whole-house intelligence” in smart home devices, and the interactive information generated by the centralized control of household equipment, have changed people’s previous concepts of home life. This requires people to improve their cognitive ability in the process of learning to use smart devices. Second, new quality productive forces can expand the scope of the practical object. A typical feature of production transformation is that the object of practice shifts from traditional material production to the production of non-material elements such as information, knowledge, and digital data. The digital revolution of the object inherent in new quality productive forces is comprehensively broadening the scope of the object and thereby providing new opportunities for people’s all-round development. That is to say, the extension of new quality productive forces into the field of “non-material” objects provides strong support for people’s all-round development. Finally, new quality productive forces can increase the degree of interaction between the practical subject and the practical object. The development of new quality productive forces can greatly enhance the interactivity between the practical subject and the object. As can be seen from innovations in the field of mobile computing, “mobile computing brings flexibility in location and time to the use of information technology. Through it, the number of interactions increases, and more data is generated.”

首先，新质生产力能够增强人的主体认识能力。对个体而言，适应新质生产力对社会发展的影响，要不断学习新兴知识。因为“当今世界，知识信息快速更新，学习稍有懈怠，就会落伍”。个体融入新质生产力发展的过程，是学习新知识、训练抽象思维能力，提升主体认识能力的过程。比如，智能家居设备如“智能生活”“全屋智能”等科技生态链的日益普及，家庭设备集约化控制产生的交互信息改变了以往人们的居家生活观念。这就需要人们在学习智能设备应用的过程中提升自身认识能力。其次，新质生产力能够拓展实践客体的范围。生产变革的典型特征是实践对象由传统物质生产转向非物质要素如信息、知识、数字等的生产。新质生产力蕴含的客体的数字化革命，正在全方位拓宽客体的范围并由此为人的全面发展提供新的机遇。也就是说，新质生产力在“非物”客体领域的延伸为人的全面发展提供有力支持。最后，新质生产力能够提高实践主体和实践客体之间的互动程度。新质生产力的发展能够极大增强实践主体与客体之间的交互性。从移动计算领域的创新可以看出，“移动计算为使用信息技术带来了地点和时间上的灵活性。通过它，互动的数量增加了，并且产生更多的数据”。

(2) New quality productive forces can expand people’s scope of communication

（二）新质生产力能够扩展人的交往范围

The richness of social relations is an important guarantee for realizing people’s all-round development. In the view of Marx and Engels, people are social beings, and social relations actually determine the degree of a person’s development. The development of new quality productive forces can expand people’s scope of social communication, cultivate new types of social communities, and enable people to continuously enrich and confirm their own development in the process of universal interconnection.

社会关系的丰富性是实现人的全面发展的重要保障。在马克思恩格斯看来，人是社会的人，社会关系实际上决定了一个人的发展程度。新质生产力的发展能够拓展人们的社会交往范围，培养新型的社会共同体，使人们能够在普遍联系的过程中不断地丰富和证实发展自己。

Specifically, on the one hand, the development of new quality productive forces can shorten the physical distance between people. In the view of Marx and Engels: “Only with this universal development of productive forces can universal intercourse among people be established.” [4]4 A paraphrase of a passage from *The German Ideology* by Marx and Engels. In the course of the new round of technological revolution, information technology and internet technology have risen abruptly, and the direction of development of the technological revolution has begun to redefine the living conditions of contemporary people in the form of human-machine communities. Information and digital data constitute the main medium of communication in people’s daily lives. People can engage in instant communication, remote work, online exchanges, and other activities through network platforms, easily communicating with others regardless of where they are. This convenient mode of information dissemination greatly shortens the physical distance between people, making it easier for people to access information, enjoy culture, and achieve personal goals, thereby realizing the individual’s all-round development. On the other hand, the development of new quality productive forces expands people’s social circles. In the past, production activities were often confined to specific regions, making the circulation of resources, labor, and technology extremely inconvenient. In the present era of rapid technological development, modern production methods have already broken free from the shackles of geography, turning “local people” into “global people” and “real people” into “virtual people.” People can establish connections with users from different countries and regions through social media platforms, engage in exchanges of different cultures on network platforms, and thereby provide more opportunities for their own all-round development. For example, students and scholars from various countries establish connections through social platforms, come into contact with academic perspectives under diverse cultural backgrounds, enhance their professional competence, cultivate a global vision and critical thinking, and promote their own all-round development in multiple dimensions such as knowledge, ability, and thinking.

具体来说，一方面，新质生产力的发展能够拉近人与人之间的物理距离。在马克思恩格斯看来：“只有随着生产力的这种普遍发展，人们的普遍交往才能建立起来。”在新一轮科技革命的进程中，信息技术、互联网技术异军突起，科技革命的发展方向开始以人机共同体的方式重新定义当代人的生存状况。信息、数字构成人们在日常生活中交往的主要媒介，人们可以通过网络平台实现即时通信、远程办公、在线交流等活动，无论身在何处都能轻松地与他人进行交流。这种便捷的信息传播方式大幅缩短人与人之间的物理距离，使人们更容易获取信息、享受文化和实现个人目标，从而实现个体的全面发展。另一方面，新质生产力的发展拓展了人们的社交圈子。以往，生产活动常被局限于特定区域，资源、人力、技术的流通极为不便。在科技飞速发展的当下，现代生产方式已然挣脱了地域的枷锁，把“地域人”变成“全球人”、把“现实人”变成“虚拟人”。人们可以通过社交媒体平台与来自不同国家、不同地区的用户建立联系，在网络平台中进行不同文化的交流，进而为自身的全面发展提供更多机会。比如，各国学生、学者通过社交平台建立联系，接触多元文化背景下的学术观点，提升专业素养，培养全球视野和批判性思维，推动自身在知识、能力、思维等多维度的全面发展。

(3) New quality productive forces can break down people’s division of labor boundaries

（三）新质生产力能够打破人的分工界限

The pattern of division of labor is a result of social production and a measuring instrument reflecting the degree of people’s development. The old division of labor, as a temporarily existing mode of division in social history, to a certain extent sustained people’s survival and development and once played a certain positive role. However, in terms of its limitations, the old division of labor fixed people in a specific professional field or production link, leading to people’s one-sided development. The new quality productive forces formed under new historical conditions will inevitably break down the previous boundaries of division of labor and advance people’s development to a new and higher stage.

分工格局是社会生产的结果，是反映人的发展程度的测量器。旧式分工在社会历史上作为一种暂时存在的分工模式，从一定程度上使得人的生存发展得以维持，曾起到一定的积极意义，但是就其局限性来看，旧式劳动分工把人固定于某一特定的专业领域或生产环节，导致了人的片面发展。在新的历史条件下形成的新质生产力，必然会打破以往的分工界限，将人的发展推进到了一个新的更高阶段。

Specifically, first, the development of new quality productive forces makes people’s forms of labor more flexible and diverse. New quality productive forces focus on empowering the transformation of traditional industries with digital technology, releasing the vitality of traditional industries, and thereby promoting the emergence of new occupations and work models. For example, with the emergence of emerging models such as the platform economy and the gig economy, people can flexibly choose work content that differs from the dogmatic and rigid work in traditional industries according to their own interests, thereby breaking the traditional occupational division of labor model. Second, the development of new quality productive forces promotes the integration of technologies in cross-cutting fields. Information technology is a strategic high ground for cultivating new quality productive forces, and it directly promotes people’s cross-disciplinary learning. “Information is a process of cognition, communication, and cooperation. In this process, humans form and change their own concepts by understanding the world, symbolically interact with others in social relations, and communicate in a collaborative manner, thereby creating a new quality of the social world.” [5]5 Source not identified in the original; likely a citation from a contemporary Chinese scholar on information theory. Driven by information media, people can not only broaden their own skills and horizons but also break down the limitations of traditional occupational division of labor. Finally, the development of new quality productive forces promotes the rise of some emerging industries. For example, the emergence of industries such as unmanned factories and self-driving cars represents the popularization of new quality productive forces in emerging industrial fields, especially in the field of intelligent production. In the process of popularization of emerging industries, people’s forms of labor have achieved new development. These trends provide important support for breaking down traditional occupational division of labor.

具体来说，首先，新质生产力的发展使得人们的劳动形式变得更加灵活多样。新质生产力注重以数字技术赋能传统产业变革，释放传统产业的活力，由此推动新的职业和工作模式的产生。例如，平台经济、零工经济等新兴模式的出现，人们可以根据自身的兴趣灵活选择有别于传统产业中教条、刻板的工作内容，进而打破传统的职业分工模式。其次，新质生产力的发展促进了交叉领域技术的融合。信息技术是新质生产力培育的战略高地，它直接促进了人们的跨领域学习。“信息是一个认知、交往和合作的过程，在这个过程中，人类通过认识世界形成和改变自己的观念，在社会关系中象征性地与其他人互动，并以协作的方式交往，从而创造新品质的社交世界。” 在信息媒介的驱动下，人们不仅能够拓宽自身的技能和视野，而且还能够打破传统职业的分工限制。最后，新质生产力的发展推动了一些新兴产业的兴起。例如，无人工厂、无人驾驶汽车等产业的出现，代表着新质生产力在新兴产业领域，尤其是在智能化生产领域的普及。在新兴产业的普及过程中，人们的劳动形式得到了新的发展。这些趋势为打破传统职业分工提供了重要支撑。

(4) New quality productive forces can extend people’s free time

（四）新质生产力能够延长人的自由时间

From the perspective of the conditions for realizing people’s all-round development, free time is a necessary factor reflecting the degree of people’s development. Another time category opposite to free time is labor time. The ratio of free time to labor time can reflect people’s state of existence—whether it is a free and relaxed existence or an enslaved and exploited existence. Therefore, reducing people’s labor time in order to increase free time undoubtedly creates possibilities for people’s all-round and free development.

从实现人的全面发展的条件来看，自由时间是反映人的发展程度的必要因素。与自由时间相对的另一个时间范畴是劳动时间。自由时间和劳动时间的比例能够反映人的生存状态——是一种自由轻松的生存，还是一种奴役压榨式的生存。因此，减少人的劳动时间方能增加自由时间，无疑又为人的全面自由发展创造着可能性。

Technological progress is the key to the development of productive forces and will continuously create conditions for increasing people’s free time. As can be seen from the history of human evolution, if people rely only on their own biological functions, such as limbs, to transform nature and the world, the productive forces generated by these natural organs are always limited, and thus the shortening of labor time and the extension of free time are also limited. To extend free time, people need to use scientific and technological means to achieve the extension of their limbs. First, the development of new quality productive forces improves work efficiency. Through the application of automation technology, information systems, and intelligent equipment, the production process becomes more efficient and faster, saving labor and time costs. In this way, people can complete work tasks more quickly and accomplish more work in the same amount of time, thereby increasing free time. Second, the development of new quality productive forces changes the mode of work. In the evolution of the informatization of productive forces, people can use the flexible characteristics of information to freely choose their work location and work time, thereby reducing the waste of time spent on commuting. The process of the flexible transformation of people’s work modes is reflected in the flexible changes in work time, work positions, and the nature of work. This flexible work mode allows people to organize their work time more efficiently, better balance work and life, and increase the use of free time. Finally, the development of new quality productive forces promotes the rise of the sharing economy. Through sharing economy platforms, people can share resources and services more conveniently, saving time and money costs. For example, the popularization of services such as shared bicycles, shared office spaces, and shared accommodation allows people to obtain needed resources more conveniently, save time spent searching for resources, and increase the use of free time. These advances provide important guarantees for the increase of people’s free time.

技术进步是生产力发展的关键，将不断为增加人的自由时间创造条件。从人类进化史可以看出，如果人们只是依靠自身的生物机能如四肢来改造自然、改造世界，那么这些天然器官产生的生产力始终是有限的，进而对于缩短劳动时间、延长自由时间也是有限的。要想使自由时间得以延长，人们就需要借助科学技术手段实现对肢体的延伸。首先，新质生产力的发展提高了工作效率。通过自动化技术、信息化系统和智能化设备的应用，生产过程更加高效快捷，节约了人力和时间成本。这样，人们可以更快地完成工作任务，在相同时间内能完成更多的工作，从而增加空闲时间。其次，新质生产力的发展改变了工作方式。在生产力信息化的演进中，人们可以借助信息的弹性化特征自由地选择工作地点和工作时间，进而减少往返通勤的时间浪费。人们工作方式的弹性化转变过程体现在工作时间、工作岗位以及工作性质的弹性化变化中。这种灵活的工作方式能让人们更加高效地组织工作时间，更好地平衡工作和生活，增加对自由时间的利用。最后，新质生产力的发展促进了共享经济的兴起。通过共享经济平台，人们可以更加便捷地分享资源和服务，节约时间和金钱成本。例如，共享单车、共享办公空间、共享住宿等服务的普及，让人们可以更加方便地获取所需资源，节约寻找资源的时间，增加对自由时间的利用。这些进步为人的自由时间的增加提供了重要保障。

III. The Path of Promoting People’s All-Round Development with New Quality Productive Forces

三、以新质生产力推动人的全面发展的路径

New quality productive forces provide a vast space of infinite possibilities for people’s all-round development. To turn this possibility into reality, certain conditions are needed to establish an organic connection between the development of new quality productive forces and people’s all-round development. From the perspective of historical materialism, new quality productive forces are the result of the generation and evolution of productive forces in the information age. “Science and technology are the primary productive forces.” [6]6 A formulation by Deng Xiaoping, later incorporated into official CPC discourse, asserting that science and technology are the primary driving force of productive forces, superseding labor and capital. The greatest difference between new quality productive forces and traditional productive forces is that new quality productive forces possess more advanced science and technology. New quality productive forces, with scientific and technological innovation as their endogenous driving force, continuously promote people’s all-round development. To transform new quality productive forces from a theoretical form into a practical force, it is necessary to firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” [7]7 A Chinese idiom meaning the key or crucial point of a problem, derived from the image of leading a cow by its nose. of scientific and technological innovation.

新质生产力为人的全面发展提供了具有无限可能性的广阔空间，若要将这种可能性变为现实性，还需要借助一定的条件，确立新质生产力的发展与人的全面发展之间的有机联系。在唯物史观视域中，新质生产力是生产力在信息化时代生成演进的结果。“科学技术是第一生产力”，新质生产力与传统生产力的最大区别在于新质生产力具有更先进的科学技术。新质生产力以科技创新为内生动力不断推动人的全面发展。要使新质生产力从一种理论形态转变为现实力量，需要紧抓科技创新这个“牛鼻子”。

(I) Guiding the Development of Scientific and Technological Innovation by Cultivating a Large Number of High-Quality Talents

（一）以造就大批高素质人才引领科技创新的发展

The laborer is the most active factor among the elements of productive forces. As early as in *Capital*, Marx pointed out that “purposeful activity or labor itself” is one of the simple elements of the labor process. [8]8 Karl Marx, *Capital*, Volume I, Chapter 7, Section 1, where Marx enumerates the simple elements of the labor process. Only laborers can fully exert their subjective initiative in the labor process and actively mobilize the means of labor and the objects of labor. However, to some extent, due to the differential characteristics of the development of real individuals, among the many laborers, because each person differs in their living environment, personal behavioral habits, and cultural education received, most people may belong to the category of ordinary-quality personnel. Only those few laborers who can play a leading role in scientific and technological innovation are high-quality talents. Therefore, in the process of integrating human resources, it is necessary to fully recognize that “in constructing the talent chain, talents with high-level innovation capabilities are valuable resources in the digital economy era”; they provide key intellectual support for the development of scientific and technological innovation.

劳动者是生产力要素中最为活跃的因素。马克思早在《资本论》中就曾指出，“有目的的活动或劳动本身” 就是劳动过程的简单要素之一。唯有劳动者才能在劳动过程中充分发挥主观能动性，积极调动劳动资料和劳动对象。但是，在某种程度上，由于现实的人发展的差异性特征，在众多劳动者中，由于每个人所处的生活环境、自身的行为习惯、接受的文化教育等方面有所差异，大多数人可能都属于一般素质的人，只有那些少部分在科技创新中能够起到引领作用的劳动者属于高素质人才。因此，在人才资源整合的过程中，需要充分认识到，“在构建人才链上，具备高水平创新能力的人才是数字经济时代的宝贵资源”，他们为科技创新的发展提供关键的智力支持。

Specifically, it is necessary to view people’s development, including the promotion of people’s all-round development, with a differential mindset. It must be recognized that among the group of social members, there indeed exists a group of high-quality talents, including “masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leading talents and innovation teams, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, great country craftsmen, and high-skilled talents.” [9]9 A list of talent categories from official CPC documents on building a high-quality workforce in the New Era. “Talent is the first resource”; [10]10 A slogan from Xi Jinping, emphasizing talent as the primary strategic resource for national development. talents are representatives of advanced productive forces and play a very important leading and driving role in scientific and technological innovation. At the same time, it is also necessary to note that the contemporary world is in the midst of changes unseen in a century. Against the backdrop of a new round of scientific and technological competition, the cultivation of a large number of high-quality talents is the “magic weapon” for countries to stand out in fierce competition. Therefore, high-quality talents play a crucial role in the development of new quality productive forces. However, the cultivation of ordinary-quality personnel cannot be ignored either. Because the development of scientific and technological innovation, to a certain extent, also reflects the process by which more ordinary-quality people become high-quality talents with both moral integrity and professional competence. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the talent cultivation mechanism in society, fully use the spirit of innovation to inspire more ordinary-quality people, stimulate the innovation vitality of the general public, comprehensively improve their overall quality, strengthen their positive attributes in scientific and technological innovation, and thus enable them to stand out and become high-quality talents with both moral integrity and professional competence.

具体来说，要以差异性思维看待人的发展包括推进人的全面发展。要看到在群体性的社会成员中，确实存在着一批高素质的人才，他们包括“大师、战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队、青年科技人才、卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才”。“人才是第一资源”，是先进生产力的代表，人才在科技创新中发挥着十分重要的引领驱动作用。与此同时，还需要注意到，当代世界正处于百年未有之大变局的过程中，在新一轮科技竞争的背景下，大批高素质人才的培养是世界各国在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出的“法宝”。因此，高素质人才在新质生产力的发展中起到至关重要的作用。但是也并不能忽视对于一般素质人才的培育。因为科技创新的发展从一定程度上也反映着更多的一般素质的人成为德才兼备的高素质人才的过程。因此，要在社会中健全人才成长的机制，充分以创新精神熏陶更多的一般素质的人，激发社会大众的创新活力，通过全面提升他们的综合素质，强化他们在科技创新中的积极属性，进而使他们脱颖而出，成为德才兼备的高素质人才。

In a word, to promote people’s all-round development through new quality productive forces, on the one hand, it is necessary to try to adapt to the development of new quality productive forces by cultivating and fostering more high-quality talents; cultivating high-quality talents is itself a concrete manifestation of people’s development driven by new quality productive forces. On the other hand, it is necessary to use high-quality talents to stimulate scientific and technological innovation and promote the rapid development of contemporary intelligent science and technology. It is precisely on the basis of the two-way interaction between the development of high-quality talents and productive forces that people’s all-round development can be achieved by using more high-quality talents to stimulate the scientific and technological innovation vitality of new quality productive forces.

一言以蔽之，以新质生产力推动人的全面发展，一方面要设法适应新质生产力的发展而培养造就更多的高素质人才，培养高素质的人才本身就是在新质生产力的驱动下人的发展的具体表现；另一方面则要通过高素质人才来激发科技创新、推进当代智能化的科学技术的迅速发展。正是在高素质人才发展与生产力双向互动的基础上，人的全面发展才能够通过以更多的高素质人才激发新质生产力的科技创新活力。

(II) Making Good Use of Emerging Technologies to Serve People’s All-Round Development

（二）善用新兴科技服务人的全面发展

The development of new quality productive forces is conducive to people’s development, and people’s development can in turn promote the development of new quality productive forces. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of coordination and realize people’s all-round development in the effective combination of the development of new quality productive forces and people’s development. Science and technology, as the concrete expression of productive forces, include two levels: scientific theory and technological application. The relationship between science and technology is complementary: theoretical research and development comes first, and technological application follows. The revolution that occurred in the industrial field in the 18th century was, in the final analysis, the widespread application of science and technology in society. As the British historian of science Stephen F. Mason said: “The new textile machines and innovations in iron smelting in the eighteenth century were important inventions in technology, but the development of the steam engine, because of its close relationship with scientific content and scientific method, was probably the most important application of science before the nineteenth century.” [11]11 Stephen F. Mason, *A History of the Sciences*, referring to the technological innovations of the Industrial Revolution and their relationship to science. In other words, scientific discovery and technological application together promote social production efficiency. For people’s development, this means the liberation of people’s hands.

新质生产力的发展有利于人的发展，人的发展反过来也能促进新质生产力的发展。因此，要坚持协调性原则，在新质生产力的发展与人的发展的有效结合中实现人的全面发展。科学技术作为生产力的具象化表达，包含着科学理论与技术应用两个层面。科学与技术的关系是相辅相成的，理论研发在先，技术应用在后。在18世纪工业领域发生的革命，说到底是科学技术在社会上的普遍应用。正如英国科学史家梅森所说：“十八世纪的新纺织机和炼铁上的革新，在工艺上都是重要的发明，但是蒸汽机的发展，由于和科学内容和科学方法的关系太密切了，恐怕是十九世纪以前最重要的一项科学应用。”换言之，科学发现与技术应用，它们共同促进社会生产效率。这对于人的发展来说，意味着解放了人的双手。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, science and technology, characterized by informatization and intelligence, have redefined the present era. “Industry 4.0,” as the latest summary of the current production model, effectively bridges the gap between the digital world and the physical world through the concrete form of the “smart factory.” “In the era of Industry 4.0, digital flexibility will exert a stronger influence on the real world.” [12]12 “Industry 4.0” is a term originating in Germany for the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing. Many traditional manufacturing companies rely on the Internet of Things and service networks to promote intelligent production, establish comprehensive automated production lines, and build “unmanned factories.” Industry 4.0 has inaugurated a new production model and generated enormous economic benefits. In the view of Ernst Burgbacher, former State Secretary of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, “The German economy is characterized by its strong industrial base, especially its machinery and equipment manufacturing, automotive industry, and energy industry. The implementation of Industry 4.0 is absolutely key to future development.” [13]13 Ernst Burgbacher served as Parliamentary State Secretary to the German Federal Minister of Economics and Technology from 2009 to 2013. Clearly, Industry 4.0 has driven industrial development, and its deep-seated driving force lies in scientific and technological innovation, embodying a form of new quality productive forces. Since the development of science and technology is fundamentally for and relies on people’s all-round development, does this mean that science and technology have an unlimited and absolute positive significance in promoting people’s all-round development? Of course, this cannot be assumed. The role of science and technology, especially intelligent science and technology, in promoting people’s all-round development must be analyzed dialectically. On the one hand, its positive significance must be recognized; on the other hand, the potential risks and harms it poses to people’s survival and development must also be acknowledged.

进入21世纪以来，科学技术以信息化、智能化等特征重新定义着当下的时代。“工业4.0”作为对当下生产模式的最新概括，是以“智能工厂”为现实形态有效缝合数字世界与物理世界之间的鸿沟。“在‘工业4.0’时代，数字化的灵活性，将更强烈地影响现实世界。” 许多传统制造业公司依托物联网、服务网，促进生产智能化，建立完善的自动化生产线，建造“无人工厂”。工业4.0开启了新的生产模式，产生了巨大的经济效益。在原德国经济和技术部国务秘书恩斯特·布格巴赫尔看来，“德国经济以其强大的工业基础为特征，特别是它的机械与设备制造、汽车工业和能源工业。工业4.0的实施绝对是对未来发展的关键”。显然，工业4.0推动了工业发展，其深层次的动力在于科技创新，是一种新质生产力的体现。既然科学技术的发展在根本上是为了人的全面发展并依靠人的全面发展的，那么，这是否意味着科学技术在推动人的全面发展方面具有无限的绝对的积极意义？当然不能这样认为，要辩证分析科学技术尤其是智能化的科学技术对人的全面发展的推动作用。一方面，要看到它的积极意义，另一方面还要看到它本身对于人的生存和发展所具有的潜在风险和危害。

In the process of industrial renewal and replacement, although people’s living conditions have greatly improved, the scenario of “industry devouring people” cannot be eliminated. For the development of a city, the industrial base is one of the important indicators for measuring its urban scale. For example, the steel-and-concrete industrial products of a city, such as high-rise buildings and bridge foundations, reflect the level of technological content in these “humanized materials” and the city’s industrialization process. However, for people’s all-round development, industrialization that “sees things but not people” will entangle them in lifeless “industrial cement,” constraining their development—especially their physical and mental harmonious development—through the oppressive feeling of the “urban jungle.” Clearly, using science and technology to serve people’s all-round development requires a sober awareness of “good use,” that is, mastering the measure of applying science and technology. Urban transformation must be promoted in the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces, providing material guarantees for people’s all-round development through technological, ecological, low-density smart cities.

在工业更新换代的进程中，人的生存状况虽然得到了很大改善，但也无法消除“工业吞噬人”的情景。对于一个城市的发展而言，工业基础是衡量其城市规模的重要指标之一，例如城市的高楼大厦、桥梁地基等钢筋水泥的工业产物，这些“人化物质”的科技含量水平反映着该城市的工业化进程。但是，对于人的全面发展来说，“见物不见人”的工业化将会把他们裹挟在死气沉沉的“工业水泥”中，以“城市丛林”的压迫感制约人的发展尤其是人的身心和谐发展。显然，利用科学技术服务人的全面发展一定要对“善用”保持清醒的认知，也就是要掌握科学技术的运用尺度。要在新质生产力的培育发展中推动城市转型，以科技化、生态化、低密度的智慧城市为人的全面发展提供物质保障。

(III) Guarding Against the Ethical Risks of Emerging Technologies

（三）警惕新兴科技的伦理风险

Since new quality productive forces rely on emerging technologies, the tendency toward “evil use” or “alienation” is inevitable in the process of their transformation and application. Especially with the support of the autonomous learning functions of emerging technologies, people’s daily lives face potential ethical risks of information leakage, posing severe challenges to promoting people’s all-round development with new quality productive forces. For example, the growth of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and intelligent algorithms requires “consuming” or “consuming” large amounts of personal data and information. However, if this data and information are misused or leaked, it will cause serious privacy violations and data security issues, thereby affecting individuals’ trust in and use of emerging technologies. From the perspective of social reality, digital platforms need to collect and analyze user data with the support of artificial intelligence and big data technologies, and on this basis provide personalized services. Yet, driven by the rule of maximizing profits in the market mechanism, some private companies, when faced with the choice between earning more profits and adhering to moral bottom lines, often unhesitatingly choose the former, capitalizing on user information that has a public attribute and converting it into the company’s private wealth. This behavior gives rise to a moral crisis under the collusion of capital and emerging technologies. They exchange additional profits by infringing on users’ privacy rights, triggering an ethical crisis through the “evil use” of science and technology.

新质生产力既然以新兴科技为依托，那么在转化运用过程中难免会出现“恶用”或“异化”的趋势。特别是在新兴科技自主学习功能的加持下，人的日常生活面临着信息泄露的潜在伦理风险，这给以新质生产力推动人的全面发展带来了严峻挑战。例如，人工智能、大数据、智能算法等新兴技术的成长需要“食用”或“消费”大量的个人数据和信息，但如果这些数据和信息被滥用或泄露，会造成严重的隐私侵犯和数据安全问题，进而影响个人对新兴技术的信任和使用。从社会现实的角度出发，数字平台需要在人工智能和大数据技术支持下，收集分析用户数据，在此基础上给予个性化服务。然而，在市场机制利益最大化规则驱动下，一些私人公司会在赚取更多利益与坚守道德底线的抉择中，往往会毫不犹豫地选择前者，将具有公共属性的用户信息资本化，将其转换为公司的私人财富。这种行为催生了资本与新兴技术共谋下的道德危机。它们通过侵犯用户的隐私权，来换取额外的利润，以科学技术的“恶用”引发伦理危机。

How can the negative impacts that appear in the practical process of combining new quality productive forces with people’s development be avoided? The first priority is to face squarely the potential risks that emerging technologies within new quality productive forces may pose to people’s development. The ethical risks of new quality productive forces originate from the excessive capitalization of science and technology. Once science and technology are co-opted by capital and operate according to the logic of capital, this leads to a new form of alienation in people’s development—namely, the alienation of the mode of existence, causing people to be enslaved by external forces or factors. To this end, it is necessary to “leverage the leading role of our country’s super-large market… build a monitoring, early warning, and response system for scientific and technological security risks, and strengthen the autonomous guarantee of basic conditions for science and technology.” [14]14 This is a quotation from the “Decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. Furthermore, a benign interactive mechanism should be established among the government, enterprises, and individuals, with all three working together to strengthen privacy protection and data security management. The government should “deepen the reform of the science and technology evaluation system and strengthen the governance of science and technology ethics,” [15]15 This is a quotation from the same document as note [14]. strengthen relevant laws, regulations, and regulatory measures, and while regulating market development and steering the operation of capital, further regulate enterprises’ behavior in data collection and use to protect personal privacy and data security. Enterprises should establish a sound data security management system, strengthen data encryption and security protection measures, comply with relevant regulations or provisions, and protect user data from misuse or leakage. Individuals should also enhance their self-protection awareness, handle personal information cautiously, and prevent personal data from being illegally obtained and used. On this basis, the “evil use” of the technological factors of new quality productive forces should be transformed into “good use,” amplifying the positive effects of high-tech, so as to promote people’s beautiful survival and joyful development on the basis of the development of new quality productive forces and with the support of the new technological revolution.

如何规避在新质生产力与人的发展相结合的实践进程中所出现的消极影响？首要的是要正视新质生产力中新兴技术可能给人的发展带来的潜在风险。新质生产力的伦理风险根源于科学技术的过度资本化。科学技术一旦被资本裹挟起来，按照资本的逻辑运行，就会导致在人的发展中出现新的异化现象，即生存方式的异化，使人为外在的力量或因素所役使。为此，要“发挥我国超大规模市场引领作用，……构建科技安全风险监测预警和应对体系，加强科技基础条件自主保障”。此外，政府、企业和个人三者之间要建立良性互动机制，三者共同努力加强隐私保护和数据安全管理。政府应当“深化科技评价体系改革，加强科技伦理治理”，加强相关法律法规和监管措施，在规范市场发展、驾驭资本运行的同时，还需进一步规范企业在数据收集和使用方面的行为，保护个人隐私和数据安全。企业应建立健全数据安全管理体系，加强数据加密和安全防护措施，遵守相关法规或规定，保护用户数据不被滥用或泄露；个人也应增强自我保护意识，谨慎处理个人信息，防范个人数据被非法获取和利用。在此基础上，把新质生产力之科技因素的“恶用”化为“善用”，放大高新科技的积极效应，以此在新质生产力发展的基础上、在新科技革命的加持下，推动人的美好生存和愉悦式发展。

The degree of people’s development is an important yardstick for measuring social progress. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to “continuously promote people’s all-round development.” [16]16 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC in October 2017. As an important driving force for social progress, new quality productive forces play an indispensable role in promoting people’s all-round development. On the magnificent journey of the era, promoting people’s all-round development with new quality productive forces has become an irreversible historical trend and a lofty mission. From the in-depth analysis of theoretical logic to the active exploration of practical paths, the close and mutually reinforcing connection between new quality productive forces and human development can be clearly seen. This process is not only a powerful breakthrough for the current bottlenecks in economic and social development but also a far-reaching blueprint for the future direction of humanity. Standing at a new historical starting point, attention must be paid to transforming new quality productive forces into a powerful driving force for promoting people’s all-round development, allowing the light of scientific and technological innovation to illuminate everyone’s path of development, and allowing the dividends of scientific and technological innovation to benefit all the people.

人的发展程度是衡量社会进步的重要标尺。习近平总书记强调，要“不断促进人的全面发展”。新质生产力作为推动社会进步的重要动力，对于推动人的全面发展具有不可或缺的作用。在时代的壮阔征程中，以新质生产力推动人的全面发展，已然成为不可逆转的历史潮流与崇高使命。从理论逻辑的深度剖析到实践路径的积极探寻，能够清晰地看到新质生产力与人类发展之间紧密交织、相互促进的深刻联系。这一进程，不仅是对当下经济社会发展瓶颈的有力突破，更是对人类未来走向的深远擘画。站在新的历史起点，要注重新质生产力转化为推动人的全面发展的强大动能，让科技创新的光芒照亮每一个人的发展之路，让科技创新的红利惠及全体人民。

(The authors’ units are respectively: Tianjin Normal University, and the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC (National Academy of Governance).)

（作者单位分别是：天津师范大学、中共中央党校（国家行政学院））

Online Editor: Paul

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