Grasping the Seven Vital Forces of Marxism

Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for the founding and development of our Party and our country. Possessing the scientific theoretical guidance of Marxism is the fundamental basis for our Party to firmly believe in its faith and grasp the historical initiative. As the Marxism of contemporary China and the Marxism of the twenty-first century, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era thoroughly embodies the great source and origin of Marxism and, through a series of original achievements, has written a new chapter in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Profoundly grasping the powerful vitality of Marxism is of great significance for strengthening confidence in the theory and for better studying, implementing, and applying Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

马克思主义是我们立党立国、兴党兴国的根本指导思想。拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动的根本所在。作为当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想贯通体现着马克思主义大本大源，并以一系列原创性成果谱写了马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章。深刻把握马克思主义的强大生命力，对于坚定理论自信，更好学习贯彻运用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，具有重要意义。

Natural Affinity

天然的亲和力

Marxism is a theory that comes from the people, serves the people, and benefits the people. It takes the complete liberation of all humanity as its highest ideal, always stands on the side of the people to advocate and call out, and provides the people with a sharp ideological weapon for understanding and transforming the world. It is deeply loved by the people, deeply recognized by the people, and widely possessed by the people, thus possessing a natural affinity.

马克思主义是来自人民、为了人民、造福人民的理论，以彻底解放全人类为最高理想，始终站在人民的立场上鼓与呼，为人民认识世界、改造世界提供了锐利思想武器，深受人民喜爱，深得人民认同，广为人民拥有，因而具有天然的亲和力。

Marxism profoundly reveals the principal position of the people in history, holding that the people are the creators of material wealth, the creators of spiritual wealth, and the drivers of social change, and are the fundamental force that creates history. Marx and Engels pointed out: “Historical activity is the activity of the masses; as historical activity deepens, the scale of the masses will inevitably expand.” Marxism indicates the conditions and pathways for human liberation, namely, to carry out proletarian revolution, overthrow the capitalist system, implement the dictatorship of the proletariat, and build a “free association of individuals” where “the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.”

马克思主义深刻揭示了人民在历史中的主体地位，认为人民是物质财富的创造者、精神财富的创造者、社会变革的推动者，是创造历史的根本动力。马克思、恩格斯指出：“历史活动是群众的活动，随着历史活动的深入，必将是群众队伍的扩大。”马克思主义指明了人类获得解放的条件和途径，即进行无产阶级革命，推翻资本主义制度，实行无产阶级专政，建设一个“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”的“自由人联合体”。

Marx and Engels publicly declared the people’s standpoint of their theory. This standpoint runs through the entire process of the creation and development of Marxism, never wavering, shaking, or deviating in the slightest. Marx said: “Philosophy makes the proletariat its material weapon, just as the proletariat makes philosophy its spiritual weapon.” This standpoint is even more clearly reflected in the Marxist theory of Party building. Marx and Engels pointed out: “The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority”; “In the various stages of development which the struggle of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie has to pass through, the communists always represent the interests of the entire movement”; “They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole,” but rather seek the interests of the immense majority and strive for the construction of communism.

马克思、恩格斯公开声明自己理论的人民立场。这一立场贯穿马克思主义创立和发展始终，从未有过丝毫含糊、动摇、偏离。马克思说：“哲学把无产阶级当做自己的物质武器，同样，无产阶级也把哲学当做自己的精神武器”。这一立场在马克思主义建党学说中体现得更加鲜明。马克思、恩格斯指出：“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动”“在无产阶级和资产阶级的斗争所经历的各个发展阶段上，共产党人始终代表整个运动的利益”“他们没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益”，而是要为绝大多数人谋利益，为建设共产主义而奋斗。

Marx and Engels were filled with deep affection for the people. During his work at the *Rheinische Zeitung*, Marx sharply criticized the autocratic rule of the Prussian government, defended the right of local peasants to gather fallen branches and dead leaves for their livelihood, and condemned the Rhenish Provincial Assembly for legislating the act of gathering fallen branches and dead leaves as theft, considering this the greatest injustice. During his exile in Paris, through actual contact with workers, he felt the noble character they possessed. Marx said: “The brotherhood of man is no mere phrase with them, but a fact of life, and the nobility of man shines upon us from their work-worn figures.” Engels, in *The Condition of the Working Class in England*, similarly praised the workers, believing that they were much more benevolent than the bourgeoisie, being amiable, sympathetic, free from prejudice, and not greedy for money. Marx experienced two minor “windfalls” in his life: once upon his father’s death, receiving an inheritance; and again upon his mother’s death, receiving another inheritance. Although he was always troubled by poverty, he used these assets unreservedly and generously to help his revolutionary comrades around him.

马克思、恩格斯对人民充满深厚感情。马克思在《莱茵报》工作期间，就犀利抨击普鲁士政府的专制统治，为家乡农民拥有捡拾枯枝败叶的生存权辩护，抨击莱茵省议会通过立法将捡拾枯枝败叶的行为定为盗窃罪，认为这是最大的不法。在移居巴黎期间，通过同工人的实际接触，感受到了工人身上具有的高尚品格，马克思说：“人与人之间的兄弟情谊在他们那里不是空话，而是真情，并且他们那由于劳动而变得结实的形象向我们放射出人类崇高精神之光。”恩格斯在《英国工人阶级状况》中对工人有过同样的赞美，认为工人比资产者仁慈得多，他们和蔼可亲，富有同情心，没有偏见，也不贪财。马克思一生有过两次小小的“发财”，一次是父亲去世，得到一笔遗产；另一次是母亲去世，得到一笔遗产。尽管始终被贫穷困扰，但他却用这些财产毫无保留地、慷慨地帮助身边的革命战友。

Upholding the primacy of the people is the fundamental standpoint of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and is the red thread running through it. The supreme status of the people, the utmost sincerity of feelings for the people, and the paramount importance of the people’s well-being are the distinctive features of this important thought, fully reflected in its truth power and practical force. The Communist Party of China has always adhered to its original aspiration and founding mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, sharing weal and woe with the people, and being bound to them by life and death. It has no special interests of its own and has never represented any interest groups, any power groups, or any privileged stratum. General Secretary Xi Jinping has integrated the realization, safeguarding, and development of the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people throughout the entire process of governance, emphasizing the need to adhere to a people-centered development philosophy, insisting on development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, promoting the well-rounded development of individuals, and steadily advancing towards achieving common prosperity for all the people; the need to develop whole-process people’s democracy, concretely and realistically embodying the people being the masters of the country in all aspects and at all levels of the work of the Party and state organs; the need to leverage the role of law-based governance in safeguarding and promoting social fairness and justice, so that the people feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case; the need to adhere to a people-centered creative orientation, strive to improve the level of public cultural services, and enable the people to enjoy a more fulfilling, richer, and higher-quality cultural-ethical life; the need to persist in safeguarding and improving people’s livelihoods through development, continuously improve the quality of life of the people, and constantly enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security; and the need to firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, build a beautiful China, and enable the people to share the beauty of nature, life, and living amidst lucid waters and lush mountains.

坚持人民至上，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的根本立场，是贯穿其中的红线。人民的地位至高，人民的情怀至真，人民的福祉至重，是这一重要思想的鲜明特色，充分体现在其真理力量和实践伟力之中。中国共产党始终坚守为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的初心使命，与人民休戚与共、生死相依，没有任何自己特殊的利益，从来不代表任何利益集团、任何权势团体、任何特权阶层的利益。习近平总书记把实现好维护好发展好最广大人民根本利益贯穿治国理政的全过程，强调要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，促进人的全面发展，朝着实现全体人民共同富裕不断迈进；要发展全过程人民民主，把人民当家作主具体地、现实地体现到党和国家机关各个方面各个层级工作上来；要发挥法治在保障和促进社会公平正义中的作用，让人民群众在每一项法律制度、每一个执法决定、每一宗司法案件中都感受到公平正义；要坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，着力提升公共文化服务水平，让人民享有更加充实、更为丰富、更高质量的精神文化生活；要坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，不断提高人民生活品质，不断增强人民获得感、幸福感、安全感；要牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，建设美丽中国，让人民群众在绿水青山中共享自然之美、生命之美、生活之美。

Far-reaching Foresight

深远的预见力

Marxism is grounded in reality, connects history, the present, and the future, focuses on studying the entire process of the emergence, development, and change of things, profoundly reveals the laws of development and inevitable trends of human society, guides people to firmly grasp the historical initiative, and achieves the unity of following objective laws and pursuing subjective purposes, thus possessing far-reaching foresight.

马克思主义立足现实，贯通历史、当下和未来，注重研究事物产生和发展变化的全过程，深刻揭示人类社会发展规律和必然趋势，指引人们牢牢把握历史主动，实现合规律性和合目的性的统一，因而具有深远的预见力。

Marx and Engels believed that the development of things has inherent laws. Whether it is the laws of development of nature, human society, or human thought, their effects are independent of human will. However, laws can be understood. By understanding, grasping, and applying laws, and by setting and pursuing goals in the direction dictated by the laws, people can gain freedom of action, fully exert their subjective initiative, and smoothly achieve their goals. They also profoundly revealed that because proletarian parties have no special interests of their own and no narrow partisan bias, they are better able to respect laws and act in accordance with objective laws.

马克思、恩格斯认为，事物发展有着内在规律，无论是自然界、人类社会还是人类思维的发展规律，其作用都是不以人的意志为转移的，而规律是可以认识的，人们通过认识规律、把握和运用规律，按照规律作用的方向设定目标、追求目标，就能获得行动自由，充分发挥主观能动性，顺利实现目标。他们还深刻揭示，无产阶级政党因为没有自己的特殊利益、没有狭隘的党派偏私，因而更能尊重规律，按客观规律办事。

On the basis of in-depth research into the laws of movement of capitalist society, Marx and Engels drew the scientific conclusions of the “two inevitables” and the “two never will,” [1]1 The “two inevitables” refer to the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism/communism. The “two never will” refer to the idea that no social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed, and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions for their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. providing scientific guidance for people to observe current trends and look forward to the future. Magical prophecies are fairy tales; scientific predictions are facts. Throughout their revolutionary careers, Marx and Engels predicted many major historical changes and events, which were verified by facts. In *Capital*, Marx predicted that capitalism would inevitably experience periodic economic crises, as evidenced by the well-known Great Depression of 1929–1933 and the 2008 international financial crisis. In his later years, Marx proposed that Russia’s system of public land ownership could leap over the “Caudine Forks” of capitalism [2]2 The “Caudine Forks” is a historical metaphor for a narrow, dangerous pass, used by Marx to refer to the possibility of Russia bypassing the full stage of capitalist development. and become the starting point for communist development. In the 1880s, Engels scientifically predicted the duration, scale, and consequences of the First World War.

马克思、恩格斯在深入研究资本主义社会运动规律的基础上，得出了“两个必然”和“两个决不会”的科学结论，为人们观察时势、展望未来提供了科学指引。神奇的预言是童话，科学的预言是事实。马克思、恩格斯在他们的革命生涯中曾经预言许多重大历史变化和事件，并被事实所验证。马克思在《资本论》中预言了资本主义必然会发生周期性的经济危机，人们熟悉的1929—1933年的世界经济大萧条、2008年国际金融危机等就是明证。马克思晚年提出俄国土地公有制可以跨越资本主义的“卡夫丁峡谷”而成为共产主义发展的起点。恩格斯在19世纪80年代就科学预见了第一次世界大战的持续时间、规模和后果。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is grounded in China’s national conditions, accurately grasps the historical juncture of China’s development, and from the strategic heights of the great currents of human development, the great changes in the world pattern, and the great history of China’s development, it profoundly analyzes the situation and scientifically plans the future, putting forward a series of strategic, forward-looking, and guiding goals and tasks. General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly expounded on the distinctive features and practical requirements of China’s new stage of development, providing an important basis for scientific decision-making; he proposed the “Two Centenary Goals” [3]3 The “Two Centenary Goals” are: first, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021; second, building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049., made a strategic arrangement for achieving the second centenary goal in two stages, and clarified the Party’s central task for the current era, pointing the direction for the Party to lead the people in united struggle. It sets specific and clear goals for various fields of economic and social development, especially around building a strong country, proposing goals such as building a strong manufacturing country, a strong science and technology country, a strong quality country, a strong aerospace country, a strong cyber country, a strong transportation country, a strong maritime country, a strong trade country, a strong sports country, a strong cultural country, a strong education country, a strong talent country, a strong agricultural country, and a strong financial country, providing important guidance for advancing various tasks. Focusing on the continuous advancement of the cause of the Party and the state, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “using medium- and long-term planning to guide economic and social development is an important way for our Party to govern the country,” and that planning economic and social development for the “15th Five-Year Plan” period [4]4 The “15th Five-Year Plan” refers to China’s national economic and social development plan for the period 2026–2030. must accurately grasp the phased requirements of that period, proactively understand the impact of changes in the international situation on China, seize the key and decisive factors, make comprehensive plans, and reasonably determine goals, tasks, and propose ideas and measures field by field. These important expositions have significant guiding significance for our planning of future economic and social development.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想立足我国国情，准确把握我国发展的历史方位，从人类发展大潮流、世界变化大格局、中国发展大历史的战略高度深刻分析形势、科学谋划未来，提出一系列具有战略性、前瞻性、引领性的目标任务。习近平总书记对我国新发展阶段的鲜明特点和实践要求作出深刻阐述，为科学决策提供重要依据；提出“两个一百年”奋斗目标，作出分两个阶段实现第二个百年奋斗目标的战略安排，明确现阶段党的中心任务，为党带领人民团结奋进指明了方向。对经济社会发展各领域明确具体奋斗目标，特别是围绕强国建设提出制造强国、科技强国、质量强国、航天强国、网络强国、交通强国、海洋强国、贸易强国、体育强国、文化强国、教育强国、人才强国、农业强国、金融强国等目标，为深入推进各项工作提供了重要遵循。着眼接续推进党和国家事业发展，习近平总书记强调“用中长期规划指导经济社会发展，是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式”，谋划“十五五”时期经济社会发展，必须准确把握“十五五”时期的阶段性要求，前瞻性把握国际形势发展变化对我国的影响，抓住关键性、决定性因素，统筹谋划，一个领域一个领域合理确定目标任务、提出思路举措。这些重要论述，对我们谋划好未来经济社会发展具有重要指导意义。

Strong Explanatory Power

强大的解释力

The basic principles of Marxism, the Marxist worldview and methodology, and the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods possess universal value that transcends time and space, helping people see the essence through phenomena, grasp the root of things, and find the internal causes and driving forces of the development of things, thus possessing strong explanatory power.

马克思主义基本原理，马克思主义世界观、方法论和立场观点方法，具有超越时空的普遍价值，帮助人们透过现象看本质，抓住事物的根本，找到事物发展的内在动因和动力，因而具有强大的解释力。

The basic principles of Marxism are theories of universal truth established through repeated practical testing in Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism. The Marxist worldview and methodology are dialectical materialism and historical materialism, that is, people’s overall view of the world and the fundamental methods for understanding and transforming the world. The Marxist standpoint is the fundamental value orientation of Marxism for observing, analyzing, and solving problems; Marxist viewpoints are the scientific understanding of the general laws of development of nature, society, and human thought, and are a scientific summary of human thought achievements and social practice experience; Marxist methods are methods of thought and work, based on the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, that guide people to correctly understand and transform the world. The three are closely linked yet have their own emphases, together constituting the ideological essence of Marxism. Among them, the basic principles of Marxism apply to more diverse fields and have a broader scope of action, occupying a foundational position in the edifice of Marxist theory; the Marxist worldview and methodology are more prominent in their totality, generality, and overarching nature, with a more abstract theoretical form; the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods have more specific forms of expression and richer content.

马克思主义基本原理是马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义中经过实践反复检验而确立起来的具有普遍真理性的理论。马克思主义世界观和方法论是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，也就是人们对世界的总的看法和认识世界、改造世界的根本方法。马克思主义立场，是马克思主义观察、分析和解决问题的根本价值取向；马克思主义观点是关于自然、社会和人类思维发展一般规律的科学认识，是对人类思想成果和社会实践经验的科学总结；马克思主义方法，是建立在辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义世界观和方法论基础上，指引人们正确认识世界、改造世界的思想方法和工作方法。三者紧密相连又各有侧重，共同构成马克思主义的思想精华。其中，马克思主义基本原理适用领域更多样，作用范围更广泛，在马克思主义理论大厦中处于基础地位；马克思主义世界观和方法论总体性、概括性、统摄性更突出，理论形态更抽象；马克思主义立场观点方法表现形式更具体、内容更丰富。

Marxism provides us with a “telescope” and a “microscope” for correctly understanding and grasping the world. The era we live in is still the era indicated by Marxism. Currently, changes in the world unseen in a century are accelerating, international power dynamics are undergoing profound adjustments, economic globalization and anti-globalization are fiercely contending, the technological revolution and industrial transformation are deepening, and humanity faces an endless array of contradictions and problems: peace deficits, development deficits, security deficits, governance deficits, as well as geopolitical conflicts, local hot wars, ethnic conflicts, great power games, the North-South development gap, etc. All of these can be scientifically, reasonably, and realistically explained using Marxism. Even social phenomena in specific countries, such as social nature, social structure, development stage, development level, history, culture, ethnicity, and religion, can be analyzed using Marxism. Without Marxism, many social phenomena would be unclear and inexplicable, leaving people to see flowers through a fog or even go astray. Since the 20th century, whenever capitalist countries have fallen into development difficulties, people have involuntarily turned to Marxism for solutions. All this shows that Marxism has strong explanatory power and vitality.

马克思主义为我们正确认识世界、把握世界提供了“望远镜”和“显微镜”。我们所处的时代，依然是马克思主义所指明的时代。当前，世界百年变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，经济全球化与逆全球化激烈较量，科技革命和产业变革深入发展，人类面临层出不穷的各种矛盾和问题：和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字，还有地缘政治冲突、局部热战、种族冲突、大国博弈、南北发展差距等，都可以用马克思主义进行科学合理、切合实际的解释。即便是具体国家的社会性质、社会结构、发展阶段、发展水平、历史文化、民族宗教等社会现象，也可以用马克思主义进行分析。离开了马克思主义，许多社会现象就会看不清、道不明，让人雾里看花，甚至误入歧途。20世纪以来，每当资本主义国家陷入发展困境，人们就会不由自主地向马克思主义寻求破解之道。这些都说明，马克思主义具有强大解释力、生命力。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era adheres to the Two Integrations [5]5 The Two Integrations refer to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture., forming a series of original achievements that have greatly enriched and developed Marxism. The main ones include: making a new summary of the principle of the movement of basic social contradictions, proposing to better align national governance with social development; making a new judgment on the principal contradiction in Chinese society; proposing the “Six Musts” [6]6 The “Six Musts” are: must uphold people-centeredness, must uphold self-confidence and self-reliance, must uphold integrity and innovation, must uphold problem-orientation, must uphold systems thinking, and must uphold a global vision., which embody both standpoints, viewpoints, and methods and serve as scientific methods for theoretical innovation; proposing to base on the new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, build a new development pattern, develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and promote high-quality development; proposing to let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government; proposing to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative; proposing to uphold the Party’s overall leadership and advance the Party’s self-revolution; and so on, adding new contemporary content to Marxism and reflecting distinctive Chinese style, Chinese manner, and Chinese expression. Together with Marxism, these theoretical achievements can profoundly answer the major theoretical and practical issues of contemporary China and the world today.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，形成一系列原创性成果，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义。其中主要有：对社会基本矛盾运动原理作出新的概括，提出推动国家治理和社会发展更好相适应；对我国社会主要矛盾作出新的判断；提出既体现立场观点方法又作为理论创新科学方法的“六个必须坚持”，即必须坚持人民至上、必须坚持自信自立、必须坚持守正创新、必须坚持问题导向、必须坚持系统观念、必须坚持胸怀天下；提出立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、因地制宜发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展；提出使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用；提出推动构建人类命运共同体、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议；提出坚持党的全面领导、推进党的自我革命；等等，为马克思主义增添了崭新的时代内容，体现鲜明的中国风格、中国气派、中国表达。这些理论成果同马克思主义一道，可以深刻解答当代中国、当今世界的重大理论和实践问题。

Enduring Creativity

持久的创造力

The development of Marxism is a process of pursuing truth, discovering truth, and faithfully practicing truth, and also a process of knowledge being applied to practice and practice deepening knowledge, with deep interaction, mutual transformation, and spiral ascent between the two. It not only opens up broad paths for understanding truth but also expands vast space for promoting practice, thus possessing enduring creativity.

马克思主义发展是一个追求真理、发现真理、笃行真理的过程，也是一个认识见诸实践、实践深化认识，二者深度互动、相互转化、螺旋式上升的过程，不仅为认识真理开辟广阔道路，而且为推动实践拓展广阔空间，因而具有持久的创造力。

Marx and Engels, closely focusing on answering the major issues of their era, with the theoretical courage and noble demeanor of being loyal to and dedicating themselves to truth, and with their extraordinary genius and wisdom, through arduous and painstaking scientific research, founded Marxism, achieving an epoch-making great transformation in the history of human thought. They treated science with a scientific attitude and pursued truth with the spirit of truth, setting a brilliant example for people to continue exploring truth. The cognitive achievements they obtained laid a solid foundation and provided scientific methodological guidance for people to further understand truth. More importantly, Marx and Engels profoundly revealed the scientific path of theoretical creation. They believed that social laws are hidden in people’s social activities and are often obscured by complex social phenomena, especially ideology. Only by starting from people’s material living conditions and material production methods can the ultimate driving force of historical development be found. Social activities are endless, the role of the social laws hidden within them is endless, and the revelation of laws and the discovery of truth will never be completed.

马克思、恩格斯紧紧围绕回答他们所在时代的重大时代课题，以忠于真理、献身真理的理论勇气和崇高风范，以天才般的卓越智慧，经过艰苦卓绝的科学研究，创立了马克思主义，实现了人类思想史上划时代的伟大变革。他们以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，为人们继续探索真理树立了光辉典范。他们所取得的认识成果，为人们进一步认识真理奠定了坚实基础、提供了科学的方法指引。更为重要的是，马克思、恩格斯深刻揭示了理论创造的科学路径。他们认为，社会规律隐藏在人们的社会活动中，往往被繁芜丛杂的社会现象特别是意识形态所掩盖，只有从人们的物质生活条件、物质生产方式中才能找到历史发展的最终动因。社会活动永无止境，隐藏其中的社会规律的作用永无止境，揭示规律、发现真理也就永远不会完结。

Marxism originates from practice and acts upon practice. It is based on practice, aims at practice, and takes practice as the criterion for testing truth, always regarding guiding people to transform nature and society as the entire value of Marxist theory. Marxist scientific theory can help people clarify the correct direction of practice, continuously enhance the foresight, systematicness, and targeting of practice, and prevent and overcome blindness, one-sidedness, and subjective arbitrariness; by mastering the masses, it endows the subjects of practice with strong practical ability and potential, continuously stimulates the creative vitality of the subjects of practice, and constantly expands the breadth and depth of practice.

马克思主义源于实践并作用于实践，以实践为基础，以实践为目的，以实践为检验标准，始终把指引人们改造自然、改造社会作为马克思主义理论的全部价值。马克思主义科学理论能够帮助人们明确实践的正确方向，不断增强实践的前瞻性、系统性、针对性，防止和克服盲目性、片面性和主观随意性；通过掌握群众，赋予实践主体强大的实践能力和潜力，源源不断激发实践主体的创造活力，不断拓展实践的广度和深度。

In the process of founding and developing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has continuously deepened the regular understanding of theoretical innovation, summarizing the fundamental pathway of adhering to the “Two Integrations”[1]1 The “two inevitables” refer to the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism/communism. The “two never will” refer to the idea that no social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed, and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions for their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. and the scientific method of the “Six Imperatives”[2]2 The “Caudine Forks” is a historical metaphor for a narrow, dangerous pass, used by Marx to refer to the possibility of Russia bypassing the full stage of capitalist development. that must be upheld in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. In addition, rich experience in theoretical innovation has been accumulated, including keeping pace with the times, grasping the pulse of the era, listening to the voice of the times, and profoundly discerning the trends of the times; daring to break through outdated conventions and shatter fixed mindsets, seeking new concepts, ideas, and methods in the process of studying new situations and solving new problems; focusing on learning from history, deeply exploring the roots of order and chaos, success and failure in governance, and the rise and fall of great powers; being adept at pooling wisdom, promptly discovering and refining the innovations and creations of grassroots masses, and gathering sparks of thought in the process of promoting intra-Party democracy; and so on. Following these principles, it will be possible to continuously open up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

习近平总书记在创立和发展习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想过程中，不断深化对理论创新的规律性认识，概括了推进马克思主义中国化时代化必须坚持“两个结合”的根本途径和“六个必须坚持”的科学方法。此外，还积累了理论创新的丰富经验，包括紧跟时代步伐、把握时代脉搏、聆听时代声音、深刻洞察时代发展趋势；敢于突破陈规，打破思维定势，在研究新情况解决新问题中寻找新的理念、思路、办法；注重以史为鉴，深入探究治乱兴衰、执政成败、大国沉浮的根源；善于集思广益，及时发现和提炼基层群众创新创造，在发扬党内民主中采撷思想火花；等等。以此为遵循，就能不断开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界。

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, our Party has united and led the people to continuously advance practical innovation, driving the cause of the Party and the state to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations. It has deepened and expanded Chinese-path modernization as the broad road for building a strong country and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, forming a theoretical system, strategic system, institutional system, policy system, and a series of ideas and measures for advancing Chinese-path modernization. This has made the characteristics of Chinese-path modernization more distinct, its advantages more prominent, and its prospects brighter, writing a new chapter in the “two miracles”[3]3 The “Two Centenary Goals” are: first, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021; second, building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049. of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and making the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation an irreversible historical process. Following these principles, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will be unstoppable!

在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，我们党团结带领人民不断推进实践创新，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，深化拓展了中国式现代化这条强国建设、民族复兴的康庄大道，形成了推进中国式现代化的理论体系、战略体系、制度体系、政策体系以及一系列思路举措，使中国式现代化特色更加鲜明、优势更加彰显、前景更加光明，续写了经济快速发展、社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”的崭新篇章，实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。以此为遵循，中华民族伟大复兴必将势不可挡！

Thorough Critical Force

彻底的批判力

Marxism has grown and developed in the process of criticizing the old world, building a new society, and continuously struggling against various errors. It takes answering and guiding the resolution of problems as its fundamental task, and with a selfless and fearless revolutionary spirit, it is committed to transforming all unreasonable realities. Hence, it possesses a thorough critical force.

马克思主义是在批判旧世界、建设新社会、不断同各种谬误进行斗争中发展壮大的，将回答并指导解决问题作为自己的根本任务，以无私无畏的革命精神致力于变革一切不合理现实，因而具有彻底的批判力。

Critique was a powerful weapon for Marx and Engels in their theoretical creation. In September 1843, in a letter to Ruge, Marx referred to his theory as a “critical philosophy,” aimed at “the self-clarification of the struggles and wishes of the age.”[4]4 The “15th Five-Year Plan” refers to China’s national economic and social development plan for the period 2026–2030.

批判是马克思、恩格斯进行理论创造的有力武器。1843年9月，马克思在给卢格的一封信中称自己的理论为“批判的哲学”，旨在“对当代的斗争和愿望作出当代的自我阐明”。

Marx and Engels relied on critique to distinguish right from wrong in thought. In criticizing German classical philosophy, they discarded Hegel’s idealism and Feuerbach’s mechanical materialism, founding dialectical materialism and historical materialism; they overcame the major defects of British classical political economy in the labor theory of value, founding the theory of surplus value; they cleared away the utopian elements and moral illusions of Owen, Fourier, and Saint-Simon’s utopian socialism, placing socialism on a scientific basis and founding scientific socialism. They relied on critique to expose the secrets of capitalist exploitation and the essence of the proletariat’s impoverishment, revealing the irreconcilable antagonistic contradiction between capitalist private ownership of the means of production and socialized large-scale production, and elucidating the laws of the emergence, development, and demise of capitalism. They relied on critique to resolutely oppose various erroneous tendencies within the international workers’ movement, successively waging resolute struggles against Weitling’s utopian socialism, Lassalle’s opportunism, Bakunin’s anarchism, and others. In works such as *Critique of the Gotha Programme* and *Critique of the Erfurt Programme*, they mercilessly criticized erroneous propositions in the programs of workers’ parties. Regarding Lassalle’s alienation from workers, his luxurious indulgence, his “frequent use of the Party for private dirty dealings,” and even his “use of workers for personal criminal acts,” Marx sharply pointed out that, in any case, the Party must cleanse itself of Lassalle’s stench.

马克思、恩格斯依靠批判辨别思想是非。他们在批判德国古典哲学中抛弃黑格尔的唯心主义、费尔巴哈的机械唯物论，创立了辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义；克服英国古典政治经济学在劳动价值论上的重大缺陷，创立了剩余价值理论；清理欧文、傅里叶、圣西门空想社会主义的空想成分和道德幻想，把社会主义建立在科学基础上，创立了科学社会主义。他们依靠批判揭露资本主义剥削的秘密和无产阶级贫困化的实质，揭示了资本主义生产资料私有制和社会化大生产之间不可调和的对抗性矛盾，阐明了资本主义发生、发展和灭亡的规律。他们依靠批判坚决反对国际工人运动中的各种错误倾向，先后同魏特林的空想社会主义、拉萨尔的机会主义、巴枯宁的无政府主义等进行坚决斗争。在《哥达纲领批判》《爱尔福特纲领批判》等著作中，对工人阶级政党纲领中的错误主张毫不留情地进行批判。针对拉萨尔疏远工人、奢侈享乐，“经常利用党去干私人的肮脏勾当”，甚至“利用工人去从事个人犯罪行为”，马克思尖锐地指出，无论如何，党必须清洗拉萨尔的遗臭。

They also relied on critique to constantly revise and perfect their own existing conclusions. Twenty-four years after the publication of the *Communist Manifesto*, when Marx and Engels wrote the preface to the German edition, they frankly admitted that due to changes in the times and the development of practice, some views and some discussions in the *Communist Manifesto* were “incomplete,” and some had “become outdated,” and that if they could rewrite it, “many aspects would be written differently.”

他们还依靠批判不断修正和完善自己的已有结论。在《共产党宣言》发表24年后，马克思、恩格斯在为德文版作序时坦陈，由于时代的变迁和实践的发展，《共产党宣言》中的一些观点、一些论述“是不完全的”，有的“已经过时”，如果可以重写，“许多方面都会有不同写法”。

The thorough critical force of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is mainly embodied in daring to struggle and being adept at struggle, in daring to directly face the prominent contradictions and problems in economic and social development, actively responding to various risks and challenges, using the spirit of self-revolution to eliminate all negative factors affecting the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and resolutely struggling against external encirclement, containment, and suppression with strong resolve and confidence. Many of the important thoughts, important viewpoints, major strategies, and major measures proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping have been formed and developed in the course of struggle, highlighting a distinct character and spirit of struggle. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Seeking security through struggle leads

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想彻底的批判力主要体现为敢于斗争、善于斗争，体现为敢于直面经济社会发展中的突出矛盾和问题，积极应对各种风险和挑战，以自我革命精神消除影响党的先进性和纯洁性的一切消极因素，以强大定力和底气同外部围堵遏制打压作坚决斗争。习近平总书记提出的许多重要思想、重要观点、重大战略、重大举措，都是在斗争中形成和发展的，彰显了鲜明的斗争品格、斗争精神。习近平总书记强调：“以斗争求安全则安全存，以软弱退让求安全则安全亡；以斗争谋发展则发展兴，以软弱退让谋发展则发展衰”，强调必须进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。为提高领导干部斗争本领，习近平总书记提出，要有草摇叶响知鹿过、松风一起知虎来、一叶易色而知天下秋的能力，下好先手棋，打好主动仗；要讲究斗争策略，原则问题不让步，同时注重战术运用，见招拆招，必要时主动出击、先发制人，积极塑造于我有利的斗争态势。

Strong Absorptive Capacity

强劲的吸纳力

Marxism is an open ideological system that advances with the times. It always draws on and assimilates all outstanding achievements of human civilization with a broad mind as vast as the sea that admits all rivers, treats new things with full enthusiasm, and constantly enriches and develops itself with the latest knowledge, experience, inventions, and creations. Hence, it possesses a strong absorptive capacity.

马克思主义是一个与时俱进的开放的思想体系，总是以海纳百川的宽阔胸襟借鉴吸收人类一切优秀文明成果，以满腔的热忱对待新生事物，不断用最新的知识、经验、发明创造来丰富和发展自己，因而具有强劲的吸纳力。

Marxism was founded and developed on the basis of in-depth study, drawing on and assimilating the existing intellectual and cultural achievements of humanity, and its inclusiveness is unprecedented. As early as his youth, Marx’s profound erudition was highly praised by his contemporaries. The German philosopher Hess once evaluated Marx as follows: imagine combining Rousseau, Voltaire, Holbach, Lessing, Heine, and Hegel into one person (I mean combining, not cobbling together), and the result would be Dr. Marx. For writing *Capital* alone, Marx studied and consulted over 1,500 works. [7]7 Hess’s remark is a composite characterization of Marx’s intellectual breadth, referencing key figures of the French and German Enlightenment and Romanticism.

马克思主义是在深入研究、借鉴吸收人类已有思想文化成果的基础上创立和发展的，所具有的包容性前所未有。早在青年时期，马克思拥有的渊博学识就得到同时代人的高度赞扬。德国哲学家赫斯曾这样评价马克思，设想一下，如果把卢梭、伏尔泰、霍尔巴赫、莱辛、海涅和黑格尔结合为一个人（我说的是结合，不是凑合），那么结果就是一个马克思博士。马克思光写作《资本论》，就翻阅研究了1500多本著作。

Marx and Engels attached great importance to and promptly summarized the experience of the workers’ movement. In this process, they continuously deepened their understanding, tested and developed their theories, enabling scientific theory to take deep root in the historical process of the actual struggles of the working class in various countries. Works such as *The Class Struggles in France, 1848 to 1850* and *The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte* profoundly elucidated important ideas such as the dictatorship of the proletariat, the worker-peasant alliance, permanent revolution, and smashing the old state apparatus. As soon as the Paris Commune was established, Marx began to collect and study various materials on the Commune’s activities. On the third day after the defeat of the Paris Commune, Marx published *The Civil War in France*, profoundly summarizing the experiences and lessons of the Paris Commune and elucidating a series of major theoretical principles concerning the construction of the proletarian state power.

马克思、恩格斯高度重视并及时总结工人运动经验，在这一过程中不断深化认识，检验和发展自己的理论，使科学理论深深植根于各国工人阶级实际斗争的历史进程中。《1848年至1850年的法兰西阶级斗争》《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》等著作，深刻阐明了无产阶级专政、工农联盟、不断革命、打碎旧的国家机器等重要思想。巴黎公社一成立，马克思就开始搜集和研究公社活动的各种材料。巴黎公社失败后第三天，马克思就发表了《法兰西内战》，深刻总结巴黎公社经验教训，阐明了关于无产阶级国家政权建设的一系列重大理论原则。

Marx and Engels were highly sensitive to new achievements in human knowledge and new trends in social development, tracking them with great interest and meticulous observation, thereby gaining new theoretical insights. When the joint-stock company first emerged, Marx keenly observed that “the application of the joint-stock form in industry marks a new era in the economic life of modern nations” and that it is “a powerful lever for developing the modern social productive forces.” He also considered “share capital, as the most perfected form (leading to communism),” to be a “transition point” for capital to be reconverted into “the property of the associated producers, i.e., direct social property.” [1]1 The “two inevitables” refer to the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism/communism. The “two never will” refer to the idea that no social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed, and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions for their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. After Morgan published *Ancient Society*, Marx highly praised it, studied it with devotion, made detailed excerpts, and wrote numerous annotations and analyses. Based on Marx’s notes and summaries, combined with his own years of research, Engels wrote *The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State*, perfecting and developing the basic principles of historical materialism, especially Marxist state theory. On the basis of fully absorbing and utilizing the three great discoveries of 19th-century natural science—the theory of “organic cell structure,” the theory of “conservation and transformation of energy,” and Darwin’s theory of “the origin and development of species”—Engels delved deeply into the dialectics of nature and natural science, writing *Dialectics of Nature*, thereby opening up a new field of Marxist philosophy.

马克思、恩格斯对人类认识新成果、社会发展新趋势高度敏感，以极大的兴致密切跟踪、洞幽察微，从中获得新的理论创见。当股份制刚出现时，马克思就敏锐地观察到“在工业上运用股份公司的形式，标志着现代各国经济生活中的新时代”“是发展现代社会生产力的强大杠杆”，并且认为“股份资本，作为最完善的形式（导向共产主义的）”，是资本再转化为“联合起来的生产者的财产，即直接的社会财产”的“过渡点”。在摩尔根发表《古代社会》之后，马克思高度评价、潜心研读，做了详细摘录，写下大量批注和分析。恩格斯根据马克思的笔记和摘要，结合自身多年研究，写就《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》，完善和发展了历史唯物主义基本原理特别是马克思主义国家理论。恩格斯在充分吸收和利用“有机体细胞结构”学说、“能量守恒及转化”学说和达尔文的“物种起源和发展”学说等19世纪自然科学三大发现的基础上，深入研究自然界和自然科学中的辩证法问题，写出《自然辩证法》，开辟了马克思主义哲学的新领域。

In the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has always maintained an open posture, fusing the ancient and the modern, connecting China and the West, thinking across millennia and seeing across vast distances. Its content is profound and extensive, making it the quintessence of the times for Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在推动马克思主义中国化时代化的过程中，始终保持开放姿态，熔铸古今、汇通中西，思接千载、视通万里，内容博大精深，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华。

This important thought thoroughly embodies the soul of Marxism. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [2]2 The “Caudine Forks” is a historical metaphor for a narrow, dangerous pass, used by Marx to refer to the possibility of Russia bypassing the full stage of capitalist development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has presided over collective study sessions of the

这一重要思想贯通体现着马克思主义这个魂脉。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记主持中央政治局集体学习，先后4次专题学习历史唯物主义、辩证唯物主义、马克思主义政治经济学、《共产党宣言》及其时代意义，还在纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会等重要场合，对马克思主义基本原理进行系统阐述。习近平经济思想、习近平法治思想、习近平文化思想、习近平生态文明思想、习近平强军思想、习近平外交思想，习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想、关于党的自我革命的重要思想以及其他领域一系列新理念新思想新观点，都对马克思主义在相关领域的思想精髓进行了深入阐述。

This important thought runs through and embodies the root vein of fine traditional Chinese culture. Xi Jinping

这一重要思想贯通体现着中华优秀传统文化这个根脉。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想用马克思主义激活中华优秀传统文化并赋予其新的时代内涵，充分吸收中华优秀传统文化中天下为公、民为邦本、为政以德、革故鼎新、任人唯贤、德主刑辅、以德化人等安邦理政的治国之道，正心诚意、修身齐家、自强不息、厚德载物、慎微慎独、迁善改过、推己及人、重诺守信、抑恶扬善、扶危济困等修身处世的道德理念，究天人之际、通古今之变、察万物之源等格物究理的思想方法，言简意赅、意深辞雄、凝练晓畅、质文兼备的表达方式，体现了深厚的中华文化情怀。我们从习近平总书记的讲话、文章、演讲中经常能够看到引用古代文化典籍的名言佳句、成语典故，读起来让人感到格外亲切。

This important thought fully draws on and absorbs the outstanding achievements of civilizations from all countries around the world, advocating a view of civilization based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness. In the process of engaging with other civilizations on an equal footing, learning from each other, and embracing diverse elements, this important thought demonstrates a broad-minded approach. We can see that during state visits and international exchanges, General Secretary Xi Jinping has expressed full appreciation for the history, philosophy, literature, and arts of various countries.

这一重要思想充分借鉴吸收世界各国文明的优秀成果，倡导平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观。这一重要思想在同其他各国文明的平等相待、互学互鉴、兼收并蓄中，展现出宽阔的胸怀。我们可以看到，习近平总书记在出国访问、国际交流等活动中对各国的历史、哲学、文学、艺术等的充分赞赏。

This important thought pays particular attention to the latest developments and trends in the technological revolution and industrial transformation, with the aim of accelerating China's achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and seizing the commanding heights of technological competition and future development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has presided over collective study sessions of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee and delivered important speeches on themes such as the innovation-driven development strategy, the strategy for building a cyber superpower, the national big data strategy, artificial intelligence, blockchain, quantum technology, the digital economy, basic research, new energy technologies, and China's energy security. Among these, dedicated study sessions on the theme of artificial intelligence alone were held twice, in 2018 and 2025.

这一重要思想对科技革命和产业变革的最新动态和趋势尤为关注，目的就是要加快实现我国高水平科技自立自强，抢占科技竞争和未来发展的制高点。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕创新驱动发展战略、网络强国战略、国家大数据战略、人工智能、区块链、量子科技、数字经济、基础研究、新能源技术与我国的能源安全等主题主持中央政治局集体学习，并发表重要讲话，其中，仅关于人工智能这个主题就分别于2018年和2025年两次进行专题学习。

Extraordinary Forging Power

非凡的锻造力

Marxism welcomes a magnificent sunrise as it scales one peak of thought after another. Exploring the footprints of the unknown and leaving behind classics for posterity, it not only points the way to the peaks for people but also creates convenient conditions for them to ascend to great heights and see far, and serves as a whetstone for mental training and a booster for growth and progress. Hence, it possesses extraordinary forging power.

马克思主义是在攀登一座座思想高峰中迎来壮丽日出的，探求未知足迹，留给后人经典，既为人们指出了通往高峰的路径，也为人们登高望远创造了便捷条件，还为人们提供了思维训练的磨刀石、成长进步的助推器，因而具有非凡的锻造力。

Marxism is the greatest tool of human cognition. The more one reads the Marxist classics and the deeper one goes, the more firmly one grasps this cognitive tool, the more skillfully one applies it, and the clearer and brighter one's observation of the world becomes.

马克思主义是人类最伟大的认识工具，阅读马克思主义经典越多越深入，掌握这一认识工具就越牢靠，运用就越熟练，观察世界就愈加心明眼亮。

Marxism is a holistic theory. This theory is comprehensive in content, complete in system, and rigorous in logic, providing people with a powerful vantage point, as if standing atop a high mountain, to survey all of human history and the myriad phenomena of the world. Marx said: "Whatever shortcomings my writings may have, they have the merit of forming an artistic whole." [8]8 Karl Marx, "Afterword to the Second German Edition of Capital, Volume I," in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *Collected Works*, vol. 35 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1996), p. 19. Engels commented on Marx: "He saw the whole field of modern social relations as clearly and plainly as if he were standing on a high mountain peak looking down at the mountain scenery below." [9]9 Frederick Engels, "Karl Marx," in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *Collected Works*, vol. 24 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987), p. 467. The more one studies the Marxist classics, the more complete one's grasp of Marxism becomes, and the faster one's perspective on issues is elevated.

马克思主义是整体的理论。这一理论内容全面、体系完整、逻辑严密，给人们提供了立于高山之巅纵观人类历史、综览世间万象的有力支点。马克思说：“不论我的著作有什么缺点，它们却有一个长处，即它们是一个艺术的整体”。恩格斯评价马克思：“把现代社会关系的全部领域看得明白而清楚，就像一个观察者站在高山之巅俯视下面的山景一样。”研读马克思主义经典越多，掌握马克思主义越完整，看问题的高度提升得就越快。

Marxism is a knowledge-intensive theory. Studying the Marxist classics not only yields the rich ideas of the Marxist theoretical system itself but also acquires the extensive knowledge of various doctrines that have been critically studied and absorbed by it. Furthermore, one can gain a comprehensive understanding of the development process of modern capitalism and the international workers' movement. The process of studying the Marxist classics is a process of accumulating knowledge, enriching the mind, and broadening one's horizons.

马克思主义是知识密集的理论。研读马克思主义经典，不仅能获得马克思主义理论体系本身的丰富思想，而且能获得被其批判研究吸收过的各种学说的丰富知识。此外，还能全面了解近代资本主义的发展历程、国际工人运动的发展历程。研读马克思主义经典的过程，就是一个储备知识、丰富头脑、开阔眼界的过程。

Marxism is a thorough theory. When Marx and Engels studied any issue, they focused on tracing it to its roots, investigating the origins of things, and clarifying their causes and effects, never stopping halfway or being satisfied with superficial understanding, fully embodying the thoroughness of theory. Engels said: "Marx made unique discoveries in every field he studied, even in the field of mathematics, and there were many such fields; in none of them was he satisfied with superficial knowledge." [10]10 Frederick Engels, "Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx," in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *Collected Works*, vol. 24 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987), p. 467. Studying the Marxist classics allows one to learn the spirit of independent thinking and thorough investigation, cultivating the persistence and tenacity to know not only the "what" but also the "why."

马克思主义是彻底的理论。马克思、恩格斯研究任何问题，都注重追根究底，探究事物的本源，弄清楚事物的来龙去脉，从来不半途而废、浅尝辄止，充分体现了理论的彻底性。恩格斯说：“马克思在他所研究的每一个领域，甚至在数学领域，都有独到的发现，这样的领域是很多的，而且其中任何一个领域他都不是浅尝辄止。”研读马克思主义经典，可以从中学到独立思考、研究到底的精神，培养知其然更知其所以然的执着和韧劲。

Marx and Engels were masters of philosophy, adept at using philosophical thinking to contemplate issues and narrate scientific discoveries, imbuing Marxist scientific theory with philosophical wisdom. Studying the Marxist classics, following them as they climb the arduous and rugged path of exploring truth, and appreciating the rare flowers and beautiful plants blooming along the way, one can, through osmosis, receive training in theoretical thinking and continuously improve one's dialectical reasoning ability.

马克思、恩格斯是哲学大师，善于运用哲学思维思考问题、叙述科学发现，使马克思主义科学理论充满哲学智慧。研读马克思主义经典，跟随他们攀登探索真理的艰辛崎岖的道路，观赏沿途盛开的珍花佳卉，就能在耳濡目染中得到理论思维训练，不断提高思辨能力。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era not only contains rich political wisdom, intellectual wisdom, and experiential wisdom, but also radiates the brilliance of personality. Studying and applying this important thought well enables one to obtain precious nourishment for accomplishing undertakings and self-improvement. Facts show that with regard to the Party’s innovative theory, the effects of learning more or less, deeply or shallowly, understanding or not, applying or not, are vastly different. For Party cadres and members, truly achieving the integration of learning, thinking, and application, and the unity of knowledge, belief, and action, enables them to firmly grasp the essential skill of fulfilling their duties, further elevate their political stance, broaden their intellectual horizons, and confidently overcome difficulties, meet challenges, and open up new prospects; it enables them to more consciously strengthen their faith and convictions, enhance Party spirit, elevate ideological awareness, raise moral standards, and always maintain the political character of Communists. For theoretical workers, deeply studying and carefully comprehending this important thought enables them to find effective pathways for theoretical research and academic scholarship to take root in Chinese soil, address the issues of the era, and serve practical needs, overcoming such undesirable tendencies as the disconnection between the foreign and the local, the separation of theory from practice, talking to oneself, and self-referential cycles, and making due contributions to accelerating the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. For the broad masses of the people, studying and mastering this thought enables them to further enhance their cultural-ethical progress, strengthen the ambition, backbone, and confidence of being Chinese, further consolidate the spiritual pillar and common ideological foundation for all Chinese sons and daughters to work together in harmony and jointly accomplish the great cause, enabling the Chinese nation to stand proudly among the nations of the world with a heroic spirit and an elevated posture.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想不仅蕴含着丰富的政治智慧、思想智慧、经验智慧，而且闪耀着人格光辉。学好用好这一重要思想，就能获得成就事业、提升自我的珍贵滋养。事实表明，对党的创新理论，学多学少、学深学浅、学没学懂、用没用好，效果大不一样。对党员干部而言，切实做到学思用贯通、知信行统一，就能牢牢掌握履职尽责的看家本领，进一步提高政治站位、打开思维视野，满怀信心地克难关、迎挑战、开新局；就能更加自觉坚定信仰信念、加强党性修养、提升思想觉悟、提高道德水平，始终保持共产党人的政治本色。对理论工作者而言，深学细悟这一重要思想，就能找到理论研究和学术研究扎根中国大地、解答时代课题、服务现实需要的有效途径，克服外来与本土相脱节、理论同实际相分离，自说自话、自我循环等不良倾向，为加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系作出应有贡献。对广大人民群众而言，学习掌握这一思想，就能进一步提升文明素养，增强做中国人的志气骨气底气，进一步夯实全体中华儿女和衷共济、共襄伟业的精神支柱和共同思想基础，使中华民族以豪迈的气概、昂扬的姿态自立于世界民族之林。