Intellectual Reflections on Deepening the Study of the Basic Principles of Marxism

Over the 20 glorious years of the Project on the Study and Development of Marxist Theory, the disciplinary construction of the basic principles of Marxism has already charted a path of scientific development. In November 2024, the Party Central Committee put forward new requirements for the Project on the Study and Development of Marxist Theory in the New Era: deepen the study of the basic principles of Marxism, accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for the Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and make greater contributions to adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. On the new journey of the New Era, we must, from the perspective of constructing and perfecting an independent knowledge system for the Chinese philosophy and social sciences, further deepen the study of the basic principles of Marxism, and contribute to building the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism into a world-class knowledge system with Chinese characteristics.

在马克思主义理论研究和建设工程走过的20年辉煌历程中，马克思主义基本原理学科建设已走出了一条科学发展之路。2024年11月，党中央对新时代马克思主义理论研究和建设工程提出了新要求：深化马克思主义基本原理研究，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，为推进马克思主义中国化时代化作出更大贡献。新时代新征程，必须从构建和完善中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的角度，进一步深化马克思主义基本原理研究，为将马克思主义基本原理知识体系建设成为中国特色、世界一流的知识体系作出贡献。

I. The Object of Study of the Knowledge System of the Basic Principles of Marxism

一、马克思主义基本原理知识体系的研究对象

Whether a discipline can exist as a relatively independent discipline within the human knowledge system depends first and foremost on whether it possesses a specific object of study. To construct and perfect the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, we must also first clarify this point. However, we need to situate the discussion of the object of study of this knowledge system within the multi-layered composite context of the Marxist scientific system and knowledge system.

一门学科能否在人类知识体系中作为相对独立的学科存在，首先取决于其是否具有特殊的研究对象。构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系，同样首先必须明确这一点。不过，我们需要将这一知识体系研究对象的讨论，置于马克思主义科学体系和知识体系的多重复合语境中进行。

1. The Object of Study of Marxism

1.马克思主义的研究对象

Marxism is a general category, a highly organic unity of factual science and value science. “Marxism profoundly reveals the universal laws of the development of nature, human society, and human thought, and points the way for the progress and development of human society.” In terms of its object of study, Marxism is the science of the universal laws (“universal laws”) of the development of nature, society, and thought; in terms of its political mission, Marxism is the science of human liberation with the liberation of the proletariat as its political form. The former mainly constitutes the factual science aspect of Marxism, the latter mainly constitutes its value science aspect, and the organic unity of the two constitutes the complete Marxist scientific system. Of course, Marxism’s focus is on the laws of the development of human society, especially the historical laws of the transition from capitalism to socialism and communism. Marx’s greatest contribution lies in scientifically revealing, on the basis of the “two great discoveries” [1]1 The “two great discoveries” refer to Marx’s two major theoretical breakthroughs: the materialist conception of history (historical materialism) and the theory of surplus value. of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, that the historical laws of the inevitable demise of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism (“the two inevitables” [2]2 “The two inevitables” refers to the Marxist conclusion that the inevitable demise of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism are both historically unavoidable.) are both unavoidable, thereby making socialism scientific. Since socialism became scientific, it has required people to treat Marxism and socialism in a scientific manner. However, some commentators refuse to accept universal laws as the object of study of Marxism, because once the existence of universal laws is acknowledged, especially the recognition that “the two inevitables” are objective laws independent of human subjective will, then the rule of the bourgeoisie will naturally be shaken and destroyed. Therefore, bourgeois ideologies use every means to obscure and obliterate the fact that Marxism is the science of universal laws. At the same time, some commentators also refuse to acknowledge Marxism’s grasp of the laws of nature, believing that acknowledging this is not conducive to the formation of proletarian class consciousness. In fact, acknowledging this is precisely for the complete and thorough liberation of the proletariat and humanity. Enslaved by blind social necessity and by blind natural necessity, humanity cannot achieve liberation and freedom. Only by mastering the laws of nature can humanity liberate itself from blind natural necessity and ultimately realize the free and comprehensive development of the individual. Therefore, “the universal laws of the development of nature, human society, and human thought” constitute the object of study of Marxism. This directly determines the object of study of the basic principles scientific system and knowledge system, among others.

马克思主义是一个总体性范畴，是事实科学和价值科学的高度有机的统一。“马克思主义深刻揭示了自然界、人类社会、人类思维发展的普遍规律，为人类社会发展进步指明了方向。”从研究对象来说，马克思主义是关于自然、社会、思维发展的普遍规律（“普遍规律”）的科学；从政治使命来说，马克思主义是关于以无产阶级解放为政治形式的人类解放的科学。前者主要构成马克思主义事实科学的一面，后者主要构成马克思主义价值科学的一面，二者的有机统一构成了完整的马克思主义科学体系。当然，马克思主义的关注重点在人类社会发展规律尤其是从资本主义向社会主义和共产主义转变的历史规律上，马克思最伟大的贡献就在于在唯物史观和剩余价值论这“两大发现”的基础上科学揭示出资本主义的灭亡和社会主义的胜利都是不可避免的历史规律（“两个必然”），从而使社会主义成为科学。自从社会主义成为科学以后，就要求人们以科学的方式对待马克思主义和社会主义。但是，一些论者拒绝将普遍规律作为马克思主义的研究对象，因为一旦承认普遍规律的存在，尤其是承认“两个必然”是不以人的主观意志为转移的客观规律，那么自然就会动摇和摧毁资产阶级统治。因此，资产阶级意识形态都千方百计地遮蔽和抹杀马克思主义是关于普遍规律的科学。同时，一些论者也拒不承认马克思主义对于自然规律的把握，认为承认这一点不利于无产阶级阶级意识的形成。其实，承认这一点，恰好是为了无产阶级和人类的完全彻底的解放。受盲目的社会必然性的束缚和受盲目的自然必然性的束缚，人类都不会获得解放和自由。只有掌握自然规律，人类才能从盲目的自然必然性中解放出来，最终实现人的自由全面发展。因此，“自然界、人类社会、人类思维发展的普遍规律”构成马克思主义的研究对象。这直接规定着基本原理科学体系和知识体系等方面的研究对象。

2. The Object of Study of Marxist Philosophy

2.马克思主义哲学的研究对象

Engels pointed out in *Anti-Dühring*: “Dialectics is nothing more than the science of the general laws of motion and development of nature, human society, and thought.” Based on this, some commentators believe that identifying universal laws as the object of study of Marxism easily leads to confusion with the object of study of Marxist philosophy, i.e., dialectical materialism and historical materialism, especially materialist dialectics. So, for whom are universal laws the object of study? Engels put forward the above view on dialectics when discussing the universality and extensiveness of the law of the negation of the negation. He intended to demonstrate the universality and extensiveness of dialectics, including the law of the negation of the negation, emphasizing that dialectics is universally applicable and universally valid for the three realms of nature, society, and thought. Therefore, it cannot be simply assumed that universal laws are the object of study of dialectics. Dialectics studies the fundamental dynamic mechanism of universal laws. “Dialectics can be briefly defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites.” In short, the law of contradiction is the object of study of dialectics. In principle, Marxist philosophy does indeed reveal universal laws, but this relies on the work of the various constituent disciplines and specific fields of Marxism; otherwise, Marxist philosophy would truly become a “science of sciences.” Without the scientific revelation of the laws of natural development by the dialectics of nature, the laws of social development by historical materialism, and the laws of the development of thought by the active, revolutionary theory of reflection (Marxist epistemology) and dialectical logic, Marxist philosophy could not scientifically reveal universal laws. Without the scientific revelation of the laws of capitalist development by Marxist political economy, and the scientific revelation of the laws of socialist development and the scientific prediction of the laws of communist development by scientific socialism, historical materialism could not form a scientific understanding of the universal laws of social development. In fact, Marxist philosophy provides a scientific worldview and methodology for studying universal laws, “giving humanity, especially the working class, a great instrument of cognition.” When this “instrument of cognition” is applied to dissecting the capitalist mode of production, to studying socialist development, and to predicting communist development, “the two inevitables” become objective laws independent of human subjective will. At the same time, this applied research further proves and develops the “instrument of cognition.” “People must have a correct worldview and methodology to better observe and explain various phenomena in nature, human society, and human thought, and to reveal the laws contained within them.” Therefore, Marxist philosophy is a philosophical science that takes the proletarian worldview and methodology as its object of study. In summary, Marxism is the science that studies, in general, the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought, and Marxist philosophy provides a great “instrument of cognition” for studying the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought.

恩格斯在《反杜林论》中指出：“辩证法不过是关于自然界、人类社会和思维的运动和发展的普遍规律的科学。”据此，一些论者认为，将普遍规律确定为马克思主义的研究对象，容易与马克思主义哲学即辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义尤其是唯物辩证法的研究对象混淆。那么，普遍规律到底是何者的研究对象呢？恩格斯是在讨论否定之否定规律的普遍性、广泛性的时候提出对辩证法的上述看法的，他要表明的是包括否定之否定规律在内的辩证法的普遍性和广泛性，强调辩证法对于自然、社会、思维三大领域是普遍适用和普遍有效的，因此，不能简单地认为普遍规律是辩证法的研究对象。辩证法研究的是普遍规律的根本动力机制。“可以把辩证法简要地规定为关于对立面的统一的学说。”简言之，矛盾规律才是辩证法的研究对象。从原则上来说，马克思主义哲学确实揭示了普遍规律，但这依赖马克思主义各个组成学科和具体领域中的工作，否则马克思主义哲学就真的会成为“科学之科学”。如果没有自然辩证法对自然发展规律、唯物史观对社会发展规律、能动的革命的反映论（马克思主义认识论）和辩证逻辑对于思维发展规律的科学揭示，那么马克思主义哲学就不可能科学揭示普遍规律。如果没有马克思主义政治经济学对资本主义发展规律的科学揭示、科学社会主义对于社会主义发展规律的科学揭示和共产主义发展规律的科学预测，那么唯物史观就不可能形成对社会发展普遍规律的科学认识。其实，马克思主义哲学为研究普遍规律提供的是科学的世界观和方法论，“把伟大的认识工具给了人类，特别是给了工人阶级”。当把“认识工具”运用于解剖资本主义生产方式、运用到研究社会主义发展和预测共产主义发展的时候，“两个必然”就成为不以人的主观意志为转移的客观规律。同时，这种应用研究进一步证明和发展了“认识工具”。“人们必须有了正确的世界观、方法论，才能更好观察和解释自然界、人类社会、人类思维各种现象，揭示蕴含在其中的规律。”因此，马克思主义哲学是以无产阶级世界观和方法论为研究对象的哲学科学。总之，马克思主义是从总体上研究自然、社会、思维发展普遍规律的科学，马克思主义哲学为研究自然、社会、思维发展的普遍规律提供了伟大的“认识工具”。

3. Determining the Object of Study of the Knowledge System of the Basic Principles of Marxism

3.马克思主义基本原理知识体系研究对象的确定

Today, the basic principles of Marxism have become an objective ideological-cultural fact and socio-historical fact. Therefore, determining the object of study of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism must proceed from this stubborn "objective fact." Although the scientific understanding of universal laws by the classical Marxist writers is scattered across various types and levels of Marxist texts, these understandings possess an internal connection and dialectical interaction, embodying the unity of the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method. In this way, the basic principles of Marxism themselves are formed. Consequently, the scientific system or theoretical system of the basic principles of Marxism takes as its object of study the scientific understanding of the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought as articulated by Marxism; it is a systematic expression of the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method that runs through them. Since the proletariat cannot spontaneously form scientific consciousness and class consciousness, the successors to the socialist and communist cause need scientific theoretical armament. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out Marxist theoretical education, placing this great "instrument of cognition" in their hands. This gives rise to the disciplinary system and teaching system of the basic principles of Marxism. The disciplinary system is a scientific system of basic categories and basic theories formed by the theoretical expression of the universal objective laws revealed by the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method; that is, the disciplinary system of the basic principles takes the basic principles of Marxism as its object of study. The teaching system takes the basic principles as its teaching object and teaching content, including the textbook system, the lesson-plan system, and their classroom implementation. When we integrate the scientific system, the disciplinary system, and the teaching system into a body of knowledge according to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, we form the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. This knowledge system takes as its object of study the basic categories and basic theories formed by the scientific understanding of the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought as articulated by Marxism, as well as the stance, viewpoint, and method thus formed. The basic categories and basic theories of Marxism, and the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, are both outcomes of the scientific understanding of universal laws in Marxism; the two are unified in the basic principles.

今天，马克思主义基本原理已成为一种客观存在的思想文化事实和社会历史事实，因此，确定马克思主义基本原理知识体系的研究对象必须从这一顽强的“客观事实”出发。尽管马克思主义经典作家关于普遍规律的科学认识散见于马克思主义各个类型和各个层次的文本中，但是它们存在着内在关联和辩证互动，体现了马克思主义的立场、观点和方法的统一性，这样就形成了马克思主义基本原理自身。因此，马克思主义基本原理科学体系或理论体系以马克思主义关于自然、社会、思维发展的普遍规律的科学认识为研究对象，是对贯穿马克思主义立场、观点和方法的系统表达。由于无产阶级不可能自觉形成科学意识和阶级意识，社会主义事业和共产主义事业接班人需要科学的理论武装，因此必须开展马克思主义理论教育，将伟大的“认识工具”交给他们，这就形成了马克思主义基本原理学科体系和教学体系。学科体系是按照马克思主义立场、观点和方法所揭示出的普遍的客观规律的理论表述所形成的基本范畴和基本理论的科学体系，即基本原理学科体系以马克思主义基本原理为研究对象。教学体系以基本原理为教学对象和教学内容，包括教材体系、教案体系及其课堂实施。当我们按照马克思主义的立场、观点、方法将科学体系、学科体系、教学体系进行知识集成的时候，就形成了马克思主义基本原理知识体系。这一知识体系以马克思主义关于自然、社会、思维发展的普遍规律的科学认识所形成的基本范畴和基本理论，以及所形成的立场、观点和方法为研究对象。马克思主义基本范畴和基本理论，马克思主义立场、观点、方法，都是马克思主义关于普遍规律的科学认识的成果，二者统一于基本原理。

In short, the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism is the intellectualized expression and intellectualized achievement of the basic principles of Marxism. The basic principles of Marxism, presented as a body of knowledge, also include a disciplinary system, an academic system, and a discourse system. From the perspective of forms of thought, the discourse system refers mainly to the system of Marxist concepts and categories, i.e., the thinking cells of the Marxist scientific understanding of universal laws. The disciplinary system is the principled understanding displayed through the contradictory movement of categories, formed by propositions, judgments, inferences, series, systems, etc., i.e., the system of forms of thought formed by the Marxist scientific understanding of universal laws. The academic system is the integration of the discourse system and the disciplinary system, reflecting the essence and laws of the Marxist scientific understanding of universal laws. The disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system are all embodiments of the knowledge system.

简言之，马克思主义基本原理知识体系是马克思主义基本原理的知识化表达和知识化成果。作为一种知识呈现出来的马克思主义基本原理，又包括学科体系、学术体系、话语体系。从思维形式来看，话语体系主要是指马克思主义概念和范畴体系，即马克思主义关于普遍规律科学认识的思维细胞。学科体系是通过范畴的矛盾运动展示出来的由命题、判断、推理、系列、体系等形成的原理性认识，即马克思主义关于普遍规律的科学认识所形成的思维形式的体系。学术体系是话语体系和学科体系的整合，反映的是马克思主义关于普遍规律的科学认识的本质和规律。学科体系、学术体系、话语体系都是知识体系的体现。

II. Research Paradigms of the Knowledge System of the Basic Principles of Marxism

二、马克思主义基本原理知识体系的研究范式

To deepen the study of the basic principles of Marxism, it is urgent to construct and improve the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. We should construct and improve the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism from the perspectives of holistic research, integrated research, comprehensive research, and their unity.

为了深化马克思主义基本原理研究，亟须构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系。我们应该从整体性研究、一体化研究、综合性研究三者及其相统一的方面，构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系。

1. Strengthening Holistic Research on Marxism

1.加强马克思主义整体性研究

Holism is a distinctive feature of Marxism and a scientific basis for constructing the discipline of the basic principles of Marxism. Marxism is an organic whole composed of Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy, and scientific socialism. The holism of Marxism refers mainly to the indivisibility of these three components. The focus of the discipline of the basic principles of Marxism is to organically combine the three main components of Marxism and conduct holistic research. Accordingly, some commentators define the world outlook and methodology and their application to the analysis of human social formations as the object of study of the basic principles of Marxism. In fact, the holism of Marxism is not a sequential progressive relationship among the three components, nor is it a relationship of application and being applied. "The three major components of Marxism originated respectively from German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and French utopian socialism. However, the fundamental reason they were ultimately sublimated into Marxism is Marx's in-depth investigation of the era and the world in which he lived, and Marx's profound grasp of the laws of the development of human society." In analyzing capitalist society, the three components of Marxism worked in concert, jointly revealing the "two inevitables" [3]3 The "two inevitables" (两个必然) refer to the Marxist thesis that the bourgeoisie will inevitably fall and the proletariat will inevitably triumph, i.e., the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism/communism., thereby forming the holism of Marxism.

整体性是马克思主义的鲜明特征，是建设马克思主义基本原理学科的科学依据。马克思主义是由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学、科学社会主义共同构成的有机整体。马克思主义整体性主要指这三者的不可分割性。马克思主义基本原理学科的重点是把马克思主义的三个主要组成部分有机结合起来，开展整体性研究。据此，有的论者将世界观和方法论及其运用于分析人类社会形态界定为马克思主义基本原理的研究对象。其实，马克思主义的整体性不是三个组成部分之间的依次递进关系，更不是运用和被运用的关系。马克思主义“三大组成部分分别来源于德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学、法国空想社会主义，然而，最终升华为马克思主义的根本原因，是马克思对所处的时代和世界的深入考察，是马克思对人类社会发展规律的深刻把握”。在剖析资本主义社会时，马克思主义的三个组成部分协同发力，共同揭示了“两个必然”，由此形成了马克思主义整体性。

The holism of the object of study of Marxism is the internal basis for the formation of the holism of Marxism. The entire world is a processual aggregate composed of nature, society, and thought. The holism of the object determines the holism of the theory. Engels pointed out: "Our theory is not a dogma, but a clarification of a process of development that contains a series of mutually connected stages." On the basis of the movement of pre-existing nature, with labor as the foundation and intermediary, a leap from natural movement to social movement was realized (link I). Driven by the movement of the basic contradictions of society, human society has undergone an evolutionary process of "five social formations" (link II). On the basis of natural movement and social movement, thought movement emerged (link III). In the process of scientifically revealing link I, the dialectics of nature and historical materialism achieved unity, and historical materialism became the sole science unifying the history of nature and the history of mankind. In the process of scientifically revealing link II, Marx and Engels founded historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, proving that the "two inevitables" are historical laws, making socialism scientific. In the process of scientifically revealing link III, the unity of objective dialectics and subjective dialectics was achieved, and the unity of dialectics, epistemology, and logic was achieved. Clearly, the scientific world outlook and methodology are a process of continuous construction based on the contradictory movement of the object. The holism of Marxism is formed in the process of scientifically revealing the dialectical interaction of the above three links. Therefore, the holism of Marxism should be unfolded and demonstrated according to the holism of the object of study of Marxism. This itself embodies the materialist stance of Marxism.

马克思主义研究对象的整体性是马克思主义整体性形成的内在依据。整个世界是由自然、社会、思维共同构成的过程集合体。对象的整体性决定着理论的整体性。恩格斯指出：“我们的理论不是教条，而是对包含着一连串互相衔接的阶段的发展过程的阐明。”在先在的自然运动的基础上，以劳动为基础和中介，实现了从自然运动向社会运动的飞跃（环节Ⅰ)。在社会基本矛盾运动的推动下，人类社会经历了“五种社会形态”的演进过程（环节Ⅱ)。在自然运动和社会运动的基础上，出现了思维运动（环节Ⅲ)。在科学揭示环节Ⅰ的过程中，自然辩证法和历史唯物论实现了统一，历史唯物论成为关于自然史和人类史相统一的唯一的一门科学。在科学揭示环节Ⅱ的过程中，马克思、恩格斯创立了唯物史观和剩余价值论，证明“两个必然”是历史规律，使社会主义成为科学。在科学揭示环节Ⅲ的过程中，实现了客观辩证法和主观辩证法的统一，实现了辩证法、认识论、逻辑学的统一。显然，科学的世界观和方法论是一个依据对象的矛盾运动不断建构的过程。马克思主义整体性是在科学揭示上述三个环节的辩证互动中形成的。因此，应该根据马克思主义研究对象的整体性来展开和论证马克思主义整体性。这本身体现了马克思主义的唯物主义立场。

2. Strengthening Integrated Research on Marxism

2.加强马克思主义一体化研究

Keeping pace with the times is the most distinctive theoretical quality of Marxism. "The basic principles of Marxism are universal truths with eternal ideological value, but the classical Marxist writers did not exhaust truth; rather, they continuously opened up the path for seeking truth and developing truth." In the process of continuously adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, Chinese Communists have upheld and developed Marxism, forming a series of principled achievements. For example, as the living soul of Mao Zedong Thought, seeking truth from facts enriched and developed Marxist materialism, the mass line enriched and developed the Marxist view of mass history, and independence and self-reliance enriched and developed the theory of the particularity of contradiction. Therefore, "Marxism should be studied not only by classifying it into philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism, but also through holistic research, and further through integrated research on Marxism and on Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, so as to better grasp its complete scientific ideological system from the combination of vertical and horizontal dimensions." The basic principles of Marxism include the basic principles of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times; incorporating the latter into the study of principles is an important aspect of integrated research on Marxism.

与时俱进是马克思主义最鲜明的理论品质。“马克思主义基本原理是普遍真理，具有永恒的思想价值，但马克思主义经典作家并没有穷尽真理，而是不断为寻求真理和发展真理开辟道路。”在不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化的过程中，中国共产党人坚持和发展马克思主义，形成了一系列原理性成果。例如，作为毛泽东思想活的灵魂，实事求是丰富和发展了马克思主义唯物主义，群众路线丰富和发展了马克思主义群众史观，独立自主丰富和发展了矛盾特殊性学说。因此，“对马克思主义既应从哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义等方面进行分门别类的研究，也应进行整体性研究，还应进行马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义的一体化研究，以利于更好地从纵横结合上完整地系统地把握它的科学思想体系”。马克思主义基本原理包括中国化时代化马克思主义基本原理，将后者纳入原理研究是马克思主义一体化研究的重要方面。

We must strengthen research on the basic principles of contemporary Chinese Marxism and Marxism in the twenty-first century. The landmark intellectual achievements proposed by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era — the “Ten Clarifications,” the “Fourteen Perseverances,” the “Thirteen Areas of Achievement,” as well as the “Two Integrations” and the “Six Musts” — have creatively formed contemporary Chinese Marxism and Marxism in the twenty-first century. Among these, the “Two Integrations” and the “Six Musts” are achievements at the level of Marxist principles. The former requires that we treat the basic principles of Marxism in a manner of comprehensive innovation; the latter epitomizes the worldview and methodology of the Communists of the New Era, along with their stance, viewpoint, and method. We must take putting the people first as our value orientation, self-confidence and self-reliance as our foothold, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground as our ideological line, problem-orientation as our fundamental task, systemic thinking as our method of thought, and embracing the world with a broad vision as our international perspective. On the basis of promoting the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities, we must promote the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture, so that the basic principles of Marxism — especially the basic principles of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times — become the core of the independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, leading the innovative development of that independent knowledge system. At the same time, we must enable the best of traditional Chinese culture — especially the great spirit and rich wisdom of the Chinese nation — to become the cultural form of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, promoting that knowledge system to become a distinctive symbol and innovative achievement of Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit in the New Era.

加强当代中国马克思主义和21世纪马克思主义基本原理研究。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想提出的“十个明确”、“十四个坚持”、“十三个方面成就”以及“两个结合”、“六个必须坚持”等标志性思想成果，创造性地形成了当代中国马克思主义和21世纪马克思主义。其中，“两个结合”和“六个必须坚持”是马克思主义原理性成果。前者要求坚持以综合创新的方式对待马克思主义基本原理，后者集中体现了新时代中国共产党人的世界观和方法论及其立场、观点和方法。我们要以人民至上为价值取向，以自信自立为立足点，以守正创新为思想路线，以问题导向为根本任务，以系统观念为思想方法，以胸怀天下为国际视野，在促进马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合的基础上，促进马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，让马克思主义基本原理尤其是中国化时代化马克思主义基本原理成为中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的核心，引领中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的创新发展；让中华优秀传统文化尤其是中华民族的伟大精神和丰富智慧成为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的文化形态，促进马克思主义基本原理知识体系成为新时代中华文化和中国精神的鲜明标识和创新成果。

3. Strengthening Comprehensive Research on Marxism

3.加强马克思主义综合性研究

Marxism is a complex system of thought involving multiple fields and levels. The materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value are Marx’s “two great discoveries” in science; they laid the theoretical foundation for scientific socialism and constitute the core zone of the Marxist theoretical system. Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy, and scientific socialism are the three main component parts of Marxism and constitute its main zone. Marxist thought on history, economics, politics, culture, society, ecology, science and technology, military affairs, and Party building constitutes its extended zone. The interaction of these three zones forms the complex theoretical system and knowledge system of Marxism. “The Marxist theoretical system and knowledge system are broad and profound, covering all fields of nature, human society, and human thought, and covering all aspects of history, economics, politics, culture, society, ecology, science and technology, military affairs, and Party building.”[n] For example, military dialectics and the dialectics of nature are Engels’s two unique contributions to Marxism, expanding the theoretical zone of Marxism. The knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism should become the knowledge integration and expression of the Marxist theoretical system constituted by the above three zones, as well as of its disciplinary system and teaching system. Thus, conducting comprehensive research on Marxism has become an important method and a mission of the times for constructing and perfecting the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. Comprehensive research is systematic research oriented toward facts, reality, practice, and the future, bringing together research of all aspects, all methods, and all types.

马克思主义是一个涉及多领域、多层次的复杂思想系统。唯物史观和剩余价值论是马克思在科学上的“两大发现”，奠定了科学社会主义的理论基础，构成了马克思主义理论体系的核心地带；马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学、科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个主要组成部分，构成了其主要地带；马克思主义关于历史、经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、科技、军事、党建等方面的思想，构成了其扩展地带。上述三者的互动构成了复杂的马克思主义理论体系和知识体系。“马克思主义理论体系和知识体系博大精深，涉及自然界、人类社会、人类思维各个领域，涉及历史、经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、科技、军事、党建等各个方面。”例如，军事辩证法和自然辩证法是恩格斯对马克思主义的两个独特贡献，扩展了马克思主义的理论地带。马克思主义基本原理知识体系应该成为上述三个地带构成的马克思主义理论体系及其学科体系和教学体系的知识集成和表达。这样，开展马克思主义综合性研究就成为构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系的重要方式和时代使命。综合性研究是面向事实、现实、实践、未来，将各个方面、各种方式、各种类型的研究集合起来的系统研究。

The theoretical system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era likewise possesses a comprehensive character. “The thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is a complete system, composed of several component parts, such as economic thought, rule-of-law thought, ecological civilization thought, thought on strengthening the military, and diplomatic thought… The Marxist theory research and construction project must continuously deepen theoretical research and interpretation, focusing on researching and interpreting the principle-level theoretical achievements among the new concepts and new theses our Party has put forward, and grasping their internal interconnections.”[n] Xi Jinping’s economic thought, Xi Jinping’s rule-of-law thought, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought, Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, as well as the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization, the holistic approach to national security, and other field-specific thoughts, are all important component parts of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. They embody the stance, viewpoint, and method of Marxism, constitute unique and outstanding contributions to the Marxist theoretical system, and enrich and develop the basic principles of Marxism. While conducting separate, categorized research on these field-specific thoughts, we should also connect them and carry out comprehensive research, focusing on the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method they embody, and focusing on their original contributions to the basic principles of Marxism. Only in this way can we construct a more comprehensive, systematic, and complete knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. For example, Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization establishes “humanity and nature as a community of life” as the ontological foundation of socialist ecological civilization construction, enriching and developing the Marxist dialectical view of nature; it establishes “mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts as a community of life” as the methodology of socialist ecological civilization construction, enriching and developing the systemic thinking of materialist dialectics; it establishes building a beautiful China as the contemporary Chinese form of socialist ecological civilization construction, requiring the coordinated advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, enriching and developing the Marxist thought on comprehensive development; and it establishes building a clean and beautiful world as the ideal pursuit of global ecological civilization construction and the international vision of socialist ecological civilization construction with Chinese characteristics, enriching and developing the Marxist thought on world history. Clearly, the “community” thinking and method run like a red thread

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想理论体系同样具有综合性的特质。“新时代中国特色社会主义思想是一个完整体系，由若干组成部分共同构成，如经济思想、法治思想、生态文明思想、强军思想、外交思想……马克思主义理论研究和建设工程要不断深化理论研究阐释，重点研究阐释我们党提出的新理念新论断中原理性理论成果，把握相互的内在联系。”习近平经济思想、习近平法治思想、习近平文化思想、习近平生态文明思想、习近平强军思想、习近平外交思想以及中国式现代化理论体系、总体国家安全观等分领域思想，都是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，体现了马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，是对马克思主义理论体系的独特而卓越的贡献，丰富和发展了马克思主义基本原理。在对这些分领域思想进行分门别类研究的同时，还应该将其贯通起来，开展综合性研究，集中研究其中体现的马克思主义立场、观点、方法，集中研究其对马克思主义基本原理的原创性贡献，这样才能构建起更为全面、系统、完备的马克思主义基本原理知识体系。例如，习近平生态文明思想将“人与自然是生命共同体”确立为社会主义生态文明建设的本体论基础，丰富和发展了马克思主义辩证自然观；将“山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体”确立为社会主义生态文明建设的方法论，丰富和发展了唯物辩证法的系统观念；将建设美丽中国确立为社会主义生态文明建设在当代中国的形态，要求统筹推进“五位一体”的总体布局，丰富和发展了马克思主义全面发展的思想；将建设清洁美丽的世界作为全球生态文明建设的理想追求和中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的国际情怀，丰富和发展了马克思主义世界历史思想。显然，“共同体”思维和方法像一条红线贯穿习近平生态文明思想的始终，集中体现着这一思想在原理性成果方面的贡献。总之，我们应该按照整体性、一体化、综合性及其相统一的研究范式，来建构和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系，这样，才能真正为深化马克思主义基本原理研究提供全面、系统、完备的知识体系方面的支撑和保障。

III. Research Resources for the Knowledge System of the Basic Principles of Marxism

三、马克思主义基本原理知识体系的研究资源

Marxism is the integration and summation of human knowledge and human civilization. Openness is a distinctive feature of Marxism and the basic principles of Marxism. Constructing the system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences requires properly handling the relationship among three types of resources: Marxism, fine traditional Chinese culture, and foreign philosophy and social sciences, adhering to the principles of making the past serve the present, making foreign things serve China, and comprehensive innovation. This applies equally to the construction and improvement of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

马克思主义是人类知识和人类文明的集成和总和。开放性是马克思主义和马克思主义基本原理的鲜明特征。构建中国哲学社会科学体系需要处理好马克思主义、中华优秀传统文化、国外哲学社会科学三种资源的关系，坚持古为今用、洋为中用、综合创新。这同样适用于马克思主义基本原理知识体系的构建和完善。

1. Adhering to Marxism’s own resources as the primary resources

1.坚持以马克思主义自身的资源为主体资源

The knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism is, first and foremost, the knowledge integration and knowledge expression of Marxism’s own resources.

马克思主义基本原理知识体系首先是马克思主义自身资源的知识集成和知识表达。

Marxist textual resources. The Marxist textual system is a composite and organic system composed of the original works of Marxism and the original texts of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. It is the documentary carrier of the basic principles of Marxism and the documentary basis of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. “Persisting in reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending principles” is the scientific way to study and research the basic principles of Marxism and to construct and improve the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. At present, we should make full use of the achievements and experience of the second historical-critical edition of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels (MEGA²) and original work research, adhere to the unity of documentary textual criticism and documentary interpretation, adhere to deriving theory from history and giving equal weight to history and theory, further deepen the research and interpretation of Marxist classics, construct and improve Marxist philology, and strive to base the study of principles on the study of original works, thereby enhancing the philological basis and philological content of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

马克思主义文本资源。马克思主义文本系统是由马克思主义原著和中国化时代化马克思主义原文构成的复合的有机系统，是马克思主义基本原理的文献载体，是马克思主义基本原理知识体系的文献依据。“坚持读原著学原文悟原理”是学习和研究马克思主义基本原理、构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系的科学之道。目前，应该充分利用《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版第二版（MEGA2）和原著研究等方面的成果和经验，坚持文献考据和文献诠释的统一，坚持论从史出、史论并重，进一步深化对马克思主义经典著作的研究阐释，构建和完善马克思主义文献学，力求将原理研究建立在原著研究的基础上，增强马克思主义基本原理知识体系的文献学依据和文献学含量。

Resources of the basic principles of Marxism. The basic principles of Marxism are the core of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. Marxism’s principles concerning the material existence of the world and its laws of development, concerning the objectivity, developmental nature and related laws of human social development, concerning the laws of the inevitable demise of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism, concerning the laws of socialist revolution, construction, reform and development, concerning the laws of the stages of communist development and the prediction of its prospects, concerning the laws of human liberation and free and all-round development, and concerning the essence and laws of development of consciousness, thought, cognition and perception, constitute the components of the framework structure of the basic principles of Marxism. We must take Marx’s “two great discoveries” [7]7 Marx’s “two great discoveries”: the materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value. as the scientific foundation, take upholding the unity of the “two inevitables” [8]8 The “two inevitables”: the inevitable demise of capitalism and the inevitable victory of socialism. and the “two will nots” [9]9 The “two will nots”: no social formation ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed; new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. as the core content, take upholding the essence of socialism and the ideal of communism as the direction of development, and transform Marxism’s scientific understanding of universal laws into a knowledge system of basic principles.

马克思主义基本原理资源。马克思主义基本原理是马克思主义基本原理知识体系的内核。马克思主义关于世界的物质性存在及其发展规律，关于人类社会发展的客观性、发展性及其相关规律，关于资本主义必然灭亡和社会主义必然胜利的规律，关于社会主义革命、建设、改革和发展的规律，关于共产主义发展阶段和前景预测的规律，关于人的解放和自由全面发展的规律，关于意识、思维、认识、认知的本质及其发展规律，构成了马克思主义基本原理框架结构的要件。我们必须以马克思的“两大发现”为科学基础，以坚持“两个必然”和“两个决不会”的统一为核心内容，以坚持社会主义本质和共产主义理想为发展方向，将马克思主义对普遍规律的科学认识转化为基本原理知识体系。

Resources from the achievements of the Sinicization of Marxism and their cultural forms. The Party’s theoretical innovation achievements, such as Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the “Three Represents,” the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, are all models for enriching and developing the basic principles of Marxism. Since entering the New Era, many of the original and epochal ideas proposed by our Party are also achievements in principles. For example, the unique worldview, values, view of history, view of civilization, view of democracy, and view of ecology contained in the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization; the need to develop new relations of production that correspond to the development of new quality productive forces; the fact that new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces; and the construction of a green, smart digital ecological civilization, and so on. These contents constitute the main body and the largest increment of Chinese philosophy and social sciences and should become an important part of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

马克思主义中国化成果及其文化形态的资源。毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想等党的理论创新成果，都是丰富和发展马克思主义基本原理的典范。进入新时代以来，我们党提出的诸多具有原创性、时代性的思想也都是原理性成果。例如，中国式现代化理论体系蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观，发展新质生产力必须形成与之相适应的新型生产关系，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力，建设绿色智慧的数字生态文明，等等。这些内容是中国哲学社会科学的主体内容和最大增量，应成为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的重要内容。

In summary, through holistic, integrated, and comprehensive research, we should integrate Marxist resources and promote the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism to become an objective, demonstrated science.

总之，通过整体性、一体化、综合性的研究，我们应该将马克思主义资源整合起来，推动马克思主义基本原理知识体系成为客观的论证的科学。

2. Adhere to taking the resources of fine traditional Chinese culture as historical and cultural resources

2.坚持以中华优秀传统文化的资源为历史文化资源

The fundamental reason why Marxism was able to take root, sprout, blossom, and bear fruit after being introduced into China is that Marxism could solve China’s future and destiny. At the same time, the simple socialist elements in traditional Chinese culture provided the cultural soil for the Chinese people to recognize and accept Marxism. On the new journey of the New Era, we must adhere to integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture. Constructing and perfecting the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism must also attach importance to the resources of fine traditional Chinese culture, taking the “Second Integration” [10]10 The “Second Integration”: the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the fine traditional Chinese culture, as distinguished from the “First Integration” (integration with China’s specific realities). as the necessary path.

马克思主义传入中国之后之所以能够生根、发芽、开花、结果，根本原因在于马克思主义能够解决中国的前途和命运问题。同时，中国传统文化中朴素的社会主义元素提供了中国人民认可和接受马克思主义的文化土壤。新时代新征程，我们必须坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合。构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系同样必须重视中华优秀传统文化资源，将“第二个结合”作为必由之路。

Scientifically distinguish the essence and dross of traditional Chinese culture. Regarding the issue of traditional Chinese culture, there are two different attitudes. One view, while superficially insisting on a one-divides-into-two approach to traditional culture, essentially sees the “Second Integration” as an unimpeded integration, failing to see that the greatest defect of traditional Chinese culture lies in its being built on the economic base of Chinese feudal society and serving to defend the interests of the Chinese feudal landlord class. Another view, out of political considerations, does not oppose the “Second Integration” on the surface, but in its innermost heart completely negates traditional Chinese culture, does not acknowledge the possibility of the “Second Integration,” and completely fails to see that history, knowledge, culture, and civilization are all created by the working people, and completely fails to see the principal role of the Chinese working people in the formation of traditional Chinese culture. In fact, the materialism of “seeking truth from facts,” the dialectics of the “Tang Wu revolutions” [11]11 “Tang Wu revolutions”: the overthrow of the Xia dynasty by Tang, founder of the Shang, and the overthrow of the Shang by King Wu of the Zhou; classical Chinese examples of justified dynastic change., the people-centered doctrine of “the people are the foundation of the state” [12]12 “The people are the foundation of the state”: a classical Chinese political maxim from the *Book of Documents*., and the social ideal of “the world is for all, the Great Harmony” [13]13 “The world is for all, the Great Harmony”: a classical Chinese ideal of a just and equitable society, from the *Book of Rites*. that exist in fine traditional Chinese culture all embody the experience and wisdom of the working people. Therefore, they can become valuable historical and cultural resources for the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

科学区分中国传统文化的精华和糟粕。在对待中国传统文化问题上，存在着两种不同的态度。一种观点虽然表面上坚持一分为二地看待传统文化，但实质上将“第二个结合”看作是无障碍的结合，没有看到中国传统文化的最大弊端在于其建立在中国封建社会的经济基础之上、是为中国封建地主阶级的利益辩护的。另外一种观点出于政治上的考虑在表面上不反对“第二个结合”，但内心深处完全否定中国传统文化，不承认“第二个结合”的可能性，根本没有看到历史、知识、文化、文明都是劳动人民创造的，根本没有看到中国劳动人民在中国传统文化形成中的主体作用。其实，中华优秀传统文化中存在的“实事求是”的唯物主义、“汤武革命”式的辩证法、“民为邦本”的民本主义、“天下为公、世界大同”的社会理想，都体现了劳动人民的经验和智慧，因此，能够成为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的宝贵历史文化资源。

Correctly handle the relationship between humanistic culture and scientific culture. When discussing traditional Chinese culture, many commentators reduce it to humanistic schools such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. In fact, the broad and profound humanistic China possesses a long-standing scientific cultural tradition. The “four great practical disciplines” [14]14 The “four great practical disciplines”: military science, agriculture, medicine, and mathematics, traditionally considered the core of China’s practical scientific tradition. of military science, agriculture, medicine, and mathematics are treasures of Chinese culture, nourishing the scientific spirit of the Chinese nation in seeking truth from facts, applying knowledge to practical use, and investigating things to acquire knowledge. Ancient Chinese scientific and technological inventions, after being transmitted to Western society, became the “fuse” for social transformation. Traditional material cultural achievements such as Dujiangyan [15]15 Dujiangyan: an ancient irrigation system built in the 3rd century BCE in Sichuan, still in use. and the mulberry-fish pond system [16]16 The mulberry-fish pond system: a traditional Chinese integrated agricultural model combining mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing, and fish farming in a closed ecological cycle. have become models for developing ecological water conservancy and ecological agriculture. Even Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism contain certain scientific cultural factors, such as the important insights of “unity of heaven and humanity” and “Dao follows nature” for ecological protection. Due to temporal and spatial differences, no matter which aspect of fine traditional Chinese culture, it must undergo creative transformation and innovative development.

正确处理人文文化和科学文化的关系。一谈到中国传统文化，不少论者就将其归结到儒释道这样的人文学派上。其实，博大精深的人文中国存在着源远流长的科学文化传统。兵、农、医、算等“四大实学”是中华文化的瑰宝，滋养着中华民族实事求是、经世致用、格物致知的科学精神。中国古代的科技发明传到西方社会之后成为社会变革的“引信”。都江堰、桑基鱼塘等传统物质文化成果，成为发展生态水利和生态农业的样板。即使是儒释道也存在着一定的科学文化因素，如“天人合一”、“道法自然”对于生态保护具有重要启示。由于存在着时空差异，无论是中华优秀传统文化的哪一个方面，都必须实现创造性转化和创新性发展。

We need to correctly handle the relationship between the “Two Integrations,” [17]17 The “Two Integrations”: the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities (the First Integration) and with the fine traditional Chinese culture (the Second Integration). insisting on taking the “First Integration” as the foundation and premise of the “Second Integration,” and taking the “Second Integration” as the deepening and expansion of the “First Integration.” “Creative transformation and innovative development” [18]18 “Creative transformation and innovative development”: the official formulation for adapting traditional Chinese culture to contemporary needs. is inherent in the “Second Integration,” so that fine traditional Chinese culture can scientifically become the historical and cultural resource of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

我们需要正确处理好“两个结合”的关系，坚持将“第一个结合”作为“第二个结合”的基础和前提，将“第二个结合”作为“第一个结合”的深化和拓展。“双创”是“第二个结合”的固有之意，这样中华优秀传统文化才能科学地成为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的历史文化资源。

3. Adhere to taking the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences as a reference

3.坚持以国外哲学社会科学的资源为参照

Constructing and perfecting the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism should also take the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences as a reference. Only by both opposing wholesale Westernization and insisting on making foreign things serve China can the openness and universality of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism be embodied.

构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系，还应将国外哲学社会科学的资源作为参照。只有既反对食洋不化，又坚持洋为中用，才能体现马克思主义基本原理知识体系的开放性和普遍性。

Western intellectual and cultural resources before the classical Marxist writers. In terms of intellectual sources, the reason Marx and Engels were able to found Marxism benefited from German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and French utopian socialism. In addition, resources such as the Scottish Enlightenment school, bourgeois historical thought, and the achievements of the evolutionist school of cultural anthropology all had a positive influence on the emergence of Marxism. Tracing back further, intellectual culture starting from ancient Greece and ancient Rome constituted an important cultural background for the emergence of Marxism. For example, without the study of Epicurean natural philosophy, Marx could not have formed the idea of matter’s self-motion. Therefore, conducting research on the prehistory of Marxism helps to discover the genetic laws of the basic principles of Marxism and enhance the historical and cultural depth of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

马克思主义经典作家之前的西方思想文化资源。从思想来源来说，马克思、恩格斯之所以能够创立马克思主义，得益于德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学、法国空想社会主义。此外，像苏格兰启蒙学派、资产阶级史学思想、文化人类学进化论学派成果等资源，都对马克思主义产生过积极影响。再往前追溯，从古希腊、古罗马开始的思想文化，都构成了马克思主义产生的重要文化背景。例如，没有对伊壁鸠鲁自然哲学的研究，马克思就不可能形成物质自我运动的思想。因此，开展马克思主义前史的研究，有助于发现马克思主义基本原理的发生学规律，增强马克思主义基本原理知识体系的历史文化底蕴。

Western intellectual and cultural resources contemporary with the classical Marxist writers. A history of the development of Marxism is a history of struggle with various trends of thought. Without the break with the Young Hegelians, there would have been no *The Holy Family* or *The German Ideology*; without the struggle against Proudhon’s reformism, there would have been no *The Poverty of Philosophy*; without the struggle against Lassalleanism, there would have been no *Critique of the Gotha Programme*; without the struggle against Dühringism, there would have been no *Anti-Dühring*; without the struggle against Büchner’s vulgar materialism, there would have been no *Dialectics of Nature*. Therefore, studying the positions, viewpoints, and methods of Marx and Engels in their struggle with various trends of thought, and conducting comparative research between Marxist texts and the literature of these trends, helps to clarify the historical context of the formation of the basic principles of Marxism, and organically unify the scientific nature and political nature of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

马克思主义经典作家同时代的西方思想文化资源。一部马克思主义发展史就是一部与各种思潮相斗争的历史。如果没有与青年黑格尔派的决裂，就不会有《神圣家族》《德意志意识形态》；没有反对蒲鲁东改良主义的斗争，就不会有《哲学的贫困》；没有与拉萨尔主义的斗争，就不会有《哥达纲领批判》；没有反对杜林主义的斗争，就不会有《反杜林论》；没有反对毕希纳庸俗唯物主义的斗争，就不会有《自然辩证法》。因此，研究马克思、恩格斯与各种思潮斗争的立场、观点和方法，将马克思主义文本与这些思潮的文献进行比较研究，有助于厘清马克思主义基本原理形成的历史脉络，将马克思主义基本原理知识体系的科学性与政治性有机统一起来。

Contemporary Western social thought and social science resources. In order to maintain the long-term stability of capitalism, many reformist trends of thought have emerged in contemporary Western society, and Western social sciences have also adjusted accordingly. Overall, these trends of thought and disciplines serve to defend capitalism. For example, modern Western economics helps to grasp the general laws of the development of a market economy, but the assumptions of the “rational economic man” and the advocacy of absolute “privatization” promoted by neoliberalism can mislead the development of a market economy. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly distinguish the boundaries between the socialist market economy and the capitalist market economy. This helps to scientifically understand the contribution of the theory of the socialist market economy to the basic principles of Marxism. Thus, establishing “Research on Marxism and Contemporary Social Thought” as a research direction within the discipline of basic principles can provide comparative intellectual resources for constructing and perfecting the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, expand the horizons of the knowledge system, and enhance its pertinence and contemporaneity.

当代西方社会思潮和社会科学资源。为了维持资本主义的长治久安，当代西方社会出现了诸多改良主义思潮，西方社会科学随之也进行了调整。总体上，这些思潮和学科是为资本主义辩护的。例如，现代西方经济学有助于把握市场经济发展的一般规律，但是新自由主义鼓吹的“理性经济人”假设、绝对“私有化”主张会误导市场经济的发展。因此，必须区分清楚社会主义市场经济和资本主义市场经济的界限。这样，有助于科学理解社会主义市场经济理论对马克思主义基本原理的贡献。因此，将“马克思主义与当代社会思潮研究”作为基本原理学科的研究方向，可以为构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系提供比较性的思想资源，扩展知识体系的视野，增强其针对性和时代性。

Resources of world Marxist thought. Unlike general Western social thought, world Marxist thought consistently upholds the critique of capitalism and possesses a progressive character. For example, ecological Marxism profoundly analyzes the capitalist institutional roots of the ecological crisis, helping to scientifically understand the anti-nature and anti-ecological essence of capitalism. From a scholarly perspective, world Marxist thought respects Marxist intellectual resources and has carried out in-depth Marxist theoretical research. For instance, drawing on Marx’s texts, the American scholar John Bellamy Foster discovered “Marx’s ecology.” Based on MEGA2 [19]19 MEGA2 (Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, Second Edition) is the ongoing historical-critical edition of the complete works of Marx and Engels, published since 1975., the Japanese scholar Kohei Saito discovered “Marx’s ecological socialism.” These discoveries help to scientifically counter criticisms of Marxism on ecological issues. Therefore, introducing the resources of world Marxist thought into the study of the basic principles of Marxism helps to scientifically examine the dissemination and development of the basic principles of Marxism worldwide, thereby enhancing the openness, internationality, and universality of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. Of course, it is also necessary to analyze the shortcomings and limitations of world Marxist thought.

世界马克思主义思潮资源。与一般西方社会思潮不同，世界马克思主义思潮都坚持批判资本主义，具有进步性。例如，生态学马克思主义深刻剖析生态危机的资本主义制度根源，有助于科学认识资本主义反自然、反生态的本质。从学理上来看，世界马克思主义思潮都尊重马克思主义思想资源，开展了精深的马克思主义理论研究。例如，以马克思文本为资源，美国学者福斯特发现了“马克思的生态学”。以MEGA2为依据，日本学者斋藤幸平发现了“马克思的生态社会主义”。这些发现有助于科学回击在生态问题上对马克思主义的诘难。因此，将世界马克思主义思潮资源引入马克思主义基本原理研究中，有助于科学考察马克思主义基本原理在世界的传播和发展情况，以增强马克思主义基本原理知识体系的开放性、国际性和普遍性。当然，还需要分析世界马克思主义思潮的不足和局限。

In summary, in the process of constructing and perfecting the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, it is necessary to adhere to Marxism as the guiding ideology, persist in integrating Chinese and foreign elements, connecting the past and the present, bridging theory and practice, and achieving comprehensive innovation. Only in this way can the credibility and universality of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism be enhanced, making it the “sum total of human knowledge.”

总之，在构建和完善马克思主义基本原理知识体系的过程中，必须坚持将马克思主义作为指导思想，坚持融通中外、贯通古今、打通体用、综合创新，这样才能提升马克思主义基本原理知识体系的可信性和普遍性，使之成为“人类知识的总和”。

IV. The Disciplinary Construction Mission of the Knowledge System of the Basic Principles of Marxism

四、马克思主义基本原理知识体系的学科建设使命

In the context of accelerating the construction of an independent knowledge system for the Chinese philosophy and social sciences, the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism and the disciplinary system have a mutually constructive relationship. On the one hand, the knowledge system is the intellectual integration of the disciplinary system and other aspects; on the other hand, the disciplinary system becomes an important component of the knowledge system. Therefore, the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism bears the important mission of disciplinary construction for the basic principles of Marxism. At present, special attention should be paid to the following issues:

在加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的语境中，马克思主义基本原理知识体系和学科体系具有双向构建的关系。一方面，知识体系是学科体系等方面的知识化集成；另一方面，学科体系又成为知识体系的重要组成部分。因此，马克思主义基本原理知识体系承担着马克思主义基本原理学科建设的重要使命。当下，尤其要关注以下几方面的问题：

1. Fulfilling the function of strengthening scientific belief and ideals

1.发挥坚定科学信仰和理想的功能

Whether serving the cultivation of professionals in the “Basic Principles of Marxism” as a second-level discipline under the discipline of Marxist theory, or serving the cultivation of students taking the ideological and political theory course “Basic Principles of Marxism” for all undergraduates, the knowledge system and disciplinary system of the basic principles of Marxism must take cultivating qualified builders and successors of socialism and successors to the cause of communism as an important mission.

无论是从服务于作为马克思主义理论学科所属的二级学科的“马克思主义基本原理”专业人才的培养来看，还是从服务于作为面向全体本科生思政课的“马克思主义基本原理”课的授课对象的培养来看，马克思主义基本原理知识体系和学科体系都必须将培养合格的社会主义建设者和接班人、共产主义事业接班人作为重要使命。

The so-called qualification is first and foremost political qualification, which means examining whether the people we cultivate have established a belief in Marxism, the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the lofty ideal of communism, and whether they are willing to struggle for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the cause of communism under the guidance of Marxism. The difference between scientific belief and religious belief, and between scientific ideals and ordinary ideals, lies in the fact that the former are built on the basis of scientific rationality and scientific cognition. The knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism is a scientific cognitive system concerning the belief in Marxism, the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the lofty ideal of communism. It requires that ideals and beliefs be established on the basis of scientific cognition of objective laws. By presenting the power of truth and the power of value of the basic principles of Marxism in an intellectualized manner, and by understanding and grasping the basic principles of Marxism, can universal truth be transformed into scientific belief, and can belief in Marxism be strengthened. By presenting the historical law of the “two inevitables” [20]20 The “two inevitables” (两个必然) refers to the Marxist proposition that the victory of socialism is inevitable and the demise of capitalism is inevitable. in an intellectualized manner, and by presenting the scientific principle of the relationship between the “two inevitables” and the “two will nevers” [21]21 The “two will nevers” (两个决不会) refers to Marx’s statement in the 1859 Preface to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy* that no social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed, and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society. in an intellectualized manner, can historical laws be transformed into scientific ideals, and can the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the lofty ideal of communism be strengthened.

所谓的合格，首先是政治上的合格，就是要看我们培养的人是否树立了马克思主义信仰、中国特色社会主义共同理想、共产主义远大理想，是否愿意在马克思主义指导下为中国特色社会主义事业和共产主义事业奋斗终生。科学信仰不同于宗教信仰、科学理想不同于一般理想的地方就在于，它建立在科学理性和科学认知的基础上。马克思主义基本原理知识体系就是关于马克思主义信仰、中国特色社会主义共同理想、共产主义远大理想的科学认知体系，要求将理想信念建立在对客观规律的科学认知的基础上。通过将马克思主义基本原理的真理力量和价值力量以知识化的方式呈现出来，通过理解和把握马克思主义基本原理，才能将普遍真理转化为科学信仰，才能坚定马克思主义信仰。通过将“两个必然”的历史规律以知识化的方式呈现出来，通过将“两个必然”和“两个决不会”关系的科学原理以知识化的方式呈现出来，才能将历史规律转化为科学理想，才能坚定中国特色社会主义共同理想和共产主义远大理想。

It is especially important to note that scientific ideals and beliefs are the spiritual banner under which a Marxist political party unites the broad masses of the people to understand and change the world, to smash the old world and create a new world. Therefore, the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism also bears the mission of uniting all the people closely together in terms of ideals and beliefs, values, and moral concepts. Only by transforming ideals and beliefs into the inner qualities and external behaviors of the broad masses of the people through the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism can this mission be fulfilled.

尤其需要注意的是，科学的理想信念是马克思主义政党团结广大人民认识世界和改变世界、砸碎旧世界和创造新世界的精神旗帜。因此，马克思主义基本原理知识体系还承担着使全体人民在理想信念、价值理念、道德观念上紧紧团结在一起的使命。只有通过马克思主义基本原理知识体系将理想信念转化为广大人民的内在素质和外在行为，才能实现这一使命。

2. Fulfilling the function of promoting the innovative development of ideological and political theory courses

2.发挥推动思政课创新发展的功能

Ideological and political theory courses are key courses for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people. To run ideological and political theory courses well, it is necessary to carry out education in Marxist theory well. The basic principles of Marxism are the foundation and core of ideological and political theory courses. “Ideological and political theory courses should cultivate people with scientific theory, follow the cognitive laws of students at different stages, and explain the basic principles of Marxism clearly and thoroughly.” To this end, solid knowledge support is necessary.

思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程。办好思政课，必须开展好马克思主义理论教育。马克思主义基本原理是思政课的基础和核心。“思政课要用科学理论培养人，遵循不同学段学生的认知规律，把马克思主义基本原理讲清楚、讲透彻。”为此，必须要有坚实的知识支撑。

Innovating the compilation style of textbooks for ideological and political theory courses. At present, it is urgent to change the still-existing inertial thinking that regards the teaching of the basic principles of Marxism as a centralized education or even a piecemeal teaching of the three component parts of Marxism, and to change the still-existing block-style textbook system. Efforts should be made to compile textbooks according to the inherent laws of the development of the basic principles of Marxism themselves, and to support the compilation of textbooks with the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism. From the perspective of ideological content, based on the scientific cognition of the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought in Marxism, the three major component parts of Marxism should be integrated; the basic principles of Marxism and the basic principles of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times should be integrated; and the discipline of Marxist theory and the system of Marxist disciplines should be integrated. From the perspective of the form of thought, it is necessary to grasp the core categories of the basic principles of Marxism and take them as the starting categories of the textbook system. Through the contradictory movement of the starting categories, the dialectical interaction between categories and categories, categories and propositions, categories and series, and categories and systems should be demonstrated. In this way, the objective laws scientifically revealed by the “two discoveries” [22]22 The “two discoveries” (两大发现) refers to Marx’s two great theoretical breakthroughs: the materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value. can be unfolded and displayed, and the historical law of the “two inevitables” and the conditions for the realization of the “two will nevers” can be unfolded and displayed. Only then can students be guided to establish a belief in Marxism and strive for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the realization of the ideal of communism throughout their lives.

创新思政课教材的编写体例。当下，亟须改变仍然存在的将马克思主义基本原理教学看作是马克思主义三个组成部分集中教育甚至是拼盘式教学的思维惯性，改变仍然存在的板块式的教材体系，力求按照马克思主义基本原理自身发展的固有规律来编写教材，力求用马克思主义基本原理知识体系支撑教材的编写。从思想内容来看，立足于马克思主义关于自然、社会、思维发展普遍规律的科学认知，将马克思主义的三大组成部分打通，将马克思主义基本原理与中国化时代化马克思主义基本原理打通，将马克思主义理论学科与马克思主义学科体系打通。从思维形式来看，必须抓住马克思主义基本原理的核心范畴，并将其作为教材体系的起点范畴，通过起点范畴的矛盾运动展示范畴与范畴、范畴与命题、范畴与系列、范畴与体系之间的辩证互动，以此展开和展现“两大发现”科学揭示出来的客观规律，以此展开和展现“两个必然”的历史规律和“两个决不会”的实现条件，这样才能引导学生树立马克思主义信仰，为建设中国特色社会主义和实现共产主义理想奋斗终身。

Enhancing the comprehensive competence of ideological-political course teachers. Running ideological-political courses well depends on the teachers; effectively and substantively improving their comprehensive competence is therefore the key choice. From the perspective of moral integrity, the crucial issue is to resolve the problem of teachers’ “genuine belief.” Ideological-political courses are courses that address ideals and convictions. Marxist faith, the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the lofty ideal of communism can take root and bear fruit in students’ minds only if they are first firmly anchored in the hearts of ideological-political course teachers. From the perspective of talent, the crucial issue is to resolve the problem of teachers’ “genuine learning.” The course “Basic Principles of Marxism” is both a political course and a knowledge course. “Teaching in ideological-political courses involves Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism; it involves the economy, politics, culture, society, ecological civilization, and Party building.” [23]23 This quotation is from a speech by Xi Jinping on ideological-political course construction. At present, although the academic and theoretical level of the ideological-political course teaching force has been greatly improved, the problem of “competence panic” still exists, and the knowledge短板 (shortcomings) are very obvious. Therefore, it is urgent to raise the comprehensive level of Marxist theory among the ideological-political course teaching force, so that teachers arm themselves with “the sum total of human knowledge.” From a policy perspective, we must adhere to the correct orientation in personnel selection, strictly enforce the access standards for ideological-political course teachers, continuously enhance their comprehensive competence, and attach importance to the construction of ideological-political courses in terms of content rather than form, and in terms of teachers’ quality rather than quantity.

提升思政课教师的综合素养。办好思政课，关键在教师，切实有效地提升思政课教师的综合素养就成为关键选择。从德的方面来看，关键是要解决好思政课教师的“真信”问题。思政课是讲理想信念问题的课程。马克思主义信仰、中国特色社会主义共同理想和共产主义远大理想，只有首先在思政课教师心中牢牢扎根，才能在学生心中开花结果。从才的方面来看，关键是要解决好思政课教师的“真学”问题。“马克思主义基本原理”课既是政治课，也是知识课。“思政课教学涉及马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义，涉及经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设。”目前，尽管思政课教师队伍的学术水平和理论水平得到极大提升，但仍然存在“本领恐慌”的问题，知识短板十分明显。因此，亟须提升思政课教师队伍的马克思主义理论综合水平，使思政课教师用“人类知识的总和”武装自己。从政策上来看，必须坚持正确的用人导向，严格思政课教师的准入标准，不断提升思政课教师的综合素养，从内容上而不是从形式上、从教师的素质上而不是从数量上重视思政课建设。

Innovating the methods and approaches of ideological-political course teaching. Inculcation is the basic method of conducting Marxist theoretical education. In actual teaching, reading from the script verbatim and playing to the gallery are two phenomena that must be avoided. If one simply reads from the script, it will arouse students’ antipathy, and the ideological-political course will hardly be effective. If ideological-political course teaching merely plays to the gallery, lacking the charm of truth, it may achieve temporary results, but it will be difficult to sustain, and may even prove counterproductive. Therefore, we must adhere to the unity of “convincing people through reason” and “moving people through emotion,” basing “moving people through emotion” on “convincing people through reason,” and expressing “convincing people through reason” through the method of “moving people through emotion,” ultimately achieving an organic unity of content and form. This “reason” refers mainly to the mighty power of Marxist truth. The knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism is the intellectual expression of this “reason,” capable of ensuring credibility while achieving the unity of respectability, usability, and feasibility in ideological-political courses.

创新思政课教学的方式方法。灌输是开展马克思主义理论教育的基本方法。在现实教学中，照本宣科和哗众取宠是两种必须避免的现象。如果一味地照本宣科，会引起学生的反感，思政课难以奏效。思政课教学如果只是哗众取宠，缺乏真理的魅力，可能会取得一时之效，但难以持续，更有可能适得其反。因此，必须坚持“以理服人”和“以情感人”的统一，将“以情感人”建立在“以理服人”的基础上，将“以理服人”通过“以情感人”的方式表达出来，最终实现内容和形式的有机统一。这个“理”主要是指马克思主义的真理伟力。马克思主义基本原理知识体系就是对这个“理”的知识表达，能够在确保可信的基础上实现思政课的可敬、可用、可行的统一。

Therefore, the essence, laws, and methods of ideological-political courses, especially the teaching of basic principles of Marxism, must be made important topics and content of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, so as to support the teaching of the basic principles of Marxism.

因此，必须将思政课尤其是马克思主义基本原理教学的本质、规律、方法，作为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的重要议题和重要内容，用以支撑马克思主义基本原理的教学。

3. Giving play to the function of serving the great practice and cause

3.发挥服务伟大实践和事业的功能

Practicality is a salient feature of Marxist theory. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the overall determination of Chinese-path modernization; Chinese-path modernization is the concrete form of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Together, the two constitute the greatest practice and cause in contemporary China. All issues in the disciplinary system and knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism must return to this great practice and cause. While scientifically “interpreting the world,” “changing the world” must be made an important principle and function of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, providing intellectual support for the Marxist theoretical discipline to fulfill its own practical mission.

实践性是马克思主义理论的显著特征。中国特色社会主义是中国式现代化的总体规定，中国式现代化是中国特色社会主义的具体形态，二者共同构成了当代中国最伟大的实践和事业。马克思主义基本原理学科体系和知识体系中的所有问题，都必须回到这一伟大的实践和事业上来。在科学“解释世界”的同时，必须把“改变世界”作为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的重要原则和功能，为马克思主义理论学科实现自身的实践使命提供知识支撑。

The great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the great cause we are engaged in. We must proceed from the reality of the primary stage of socialism, thread this great practice through the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, closely center on the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, [24]24 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan refers to China’s overall plan for economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress; the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy refers to comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. raise the experience and achievements created by the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics to the level of theory and condense them into knowledge, strengthen research on socialist revolution, socialist construction, socialist reform, the essence of socialism, the prospects of socialism, and their general laws, promote the establishment of “the development, essence, and laws of socialism” as basic content of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, and ultimately serve the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics with a scientific “knowledge system of socialism.”

中国特色社会主义伟大实践是我们正在从事的伟大事业。我们要从社会主义初级阶段的实际出发，将这一伟大实践贯通中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化，紧紧围绕“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，将中国特色社会主义伟大实践创造的经验和成果加以理论提升和知识凝练，加强对社会主义革命、社会主义建设、社会主义改革、社会主义本质、社会主义前景及其一般规律的研究，推动将“社会主义发展、本质、规律”确立为马克思主义基本原理知识体系的基本内容，最终以科学化的“社会主义知识体系”为中国特色社会主义建设服务。

Building a modern socialist country in all respects is a great cause. We must base ourselves on the all-round progress of society and the well-rounded development of the individual, take the great practice of Chinese-path modernization as the foundation and intermediary for realizing the Two Integrations, especially the Second Integration, [25]25 The Two Integrations refer to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture. The Second Integration is the latter. deeply study the characteristics and essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, strengthen intellectual research on the unique worldviews, values, views of history, views of civilization, views of democracy, views of ecology, and other aspects embedded in Chinese-path modernization and its great practice, deeply analyze the two-sidedness of capitalist modernity and modernization to deepen the scientific understanding of the essence of capitalism, deeply study the laws of construction of Chinese-path modernization to deepen the scientific understanding of the laws of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, deeply study the laws of construction of socialist modernization to deepen the scientific understanding of the laws of socialist construction, and deeply study the laws of coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization, cultural-ethical progress, social civilization, and ecological civilization to deepen the scientific understanding of a new form of human civilization, ultimately serving Chinese-path modernization with a scientific “knowledge system of modernization.”

全面建设社会主义现代化国家是一项伟大的事业。我们要立足社会的全面进步和人的全面发展，将中国式现代化这一伟大实践作为实现“两个结合”尤其是“第二个结合”的基础和中介，深入研究中国式现代化的特征和本质要求，加强对中国式现代化蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践的知识研究，深入剖析资本主义现代性和现代化的两面性以加深对资本主义本质的科学认知，深入研究中国式现代化的建设规律以加深对中华民族伟大复兴规律的科学认知，深入研究社会主义现代化的建设规律以加深对社会主义建设规律的科学认知，深入研究物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展的规律以加深对人类文明新形态的科学认知，最终以科学化的“现代化知识体系”为中国式现代化服务。

In sum, the scientific “knowledge system of socialism” and “knowledge system of modernization” enrich the connotation of a new form of human civilization, are due content of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, and enhance the practicality, universality, and effectiveness of that knowledge system. We should center on socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese-path modernization, strengthen intellectualizing research on the principled achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese-path modernization, discover and explore new growth points of the knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism, and serve socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese-path modernization with a more comprehensive, systematic, and complete knowledge system of the basic principles of Marxism.

总之，科学的“社会主义知识体系”和“现代化知识体系”丰富了人类文明新形态的内涵，是马克思主义基本原理知识体系的应有内容，增强了马克思主义基本原理知识体系的实践性、普遍性和有效性。我们应该围绕中国特色社会主义和中国式现代化，加强对中国特色社会主义和中国式现代化的原理性成果的知识化研究，发现和发掘马克思主义基本原理知识体系新的生长点，以更为全面、系统、完备的马克思主义基本原理知识体系为中国特色社会主义和中国式现代化服务。

(The author is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism Studies, Renmin University of China.)

（作者系中国人民大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁