On the Wealth Attributes of Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains

The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets is an important development philosophy, an inherent requirement for achieving sustainable development, and a major principle for advancing modernization. It has become a consensus and action for the entire Party and society. The first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Civilization*, published in July 2025, includes multiple documents themed around the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, with numerous expressions such as “lucid waters and lush mountains are not only natural wealth and ecological wealth, but also social wealth and economic wealth.” These vividly present Xi Jinping’s far-sighted insight and theoretical contributions on handling the relationship between development and protection. Xi Jinping’s scientific assertion that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes is the foundational content of the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. It contains the basic principles and basic methods of why lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and how they can be transformed into invaluable assets, clarifying the points of integration and interconnection between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. Systematically elucidating the theoretical implications and theoretical logic of the multiple wealth attributes of lucid waters and lush mountains holds significant theoretical value and practical significance for fully and accurately understanding the core essence and practical pathways of the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and for clarifying the principles and direction of Chinese-path modernization.

绿水青山就是金山银山是重要的发展理念，是实现可持续发展的内在要求，也是推进现代化建设的重大原则，已经成为全党全社会的共识和行动。2025年7月出版的《习近平生态文明文选》第一卷，收录了以绿水青山就是金山银山理念为主题的多篇文献，多处涉及类似“绿水青山既是自然财富、生态财富，又是社会财富、经济财富”的表达，生动呈现了习近平总书记关于处理好发展和保护的关系的远见卓识和理论贡献。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的科学论断是绿水青山就是金山银山理念的基础内容，蕴含着绿水青山之所以是金山银山以及绿水青山能够转化为金山银山的基本原理和基本方法，明确了经济社会发展与生态环境保护的相融相通之处。系统阐释绿水青山具有多元财富属性的理论意涵和理论逻辑，对于完整准确地理解绿水青山就是金山银山理念的核心要义与实践进路，明确中国式现代化建设的原则和方向具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

I. Theoretical Implications: The Ecological Expansion of the Wealth Category

一、理论意涵：财富范畴的生态化拓展

Wealth is a dynamic category; its definition, composition, and measurement criteria constantly change with the evolution of historical, cultural, and technological conditions. Looking back at history, in the evolution from Western classical economics to modern economics, the positioning of natural resources in the production and creation of wealth has gradually extended toward sources of wealth, general factors of production, and limited natural capital. This profoundly reflects humanity’s reflection on industrial civilization and provides a set of market-based environmental policy tools for exploring pathways to sustainable development. Of course, Western economics explores the production and distribution of wealth within the capitalist framework, taking the “rational economic man” as its basic assumption and focusing on piecemeal repairs within the existing growth paradigm. Faced with the deep conflict between ecological logic and capital logic, it falls into theoretical dead ends, inadequately considers the ecological costs and resource limits of economic growth, and struggles to meet the urgent needs of sustainable economic and social development.

财富是一个动态范畴，其定义、构成和衡量标准随着历史、文化和技术条件的发展而不断变化。回顾历史，在从西方古典经济学到现代经济学的演变过程中，关于自然资源在财富生产和创造中的定位逐渐向财富的源泉、一般生产要素、有限自然资本等方向的延伸，深刻反映了人类对工业文明的反思，为探索可持续发展道路提供了一套基于市场的环境政策工具。当然，西方经济学是在资本主义框架下探索财富的生产和分配问题，以“理性经济人”为基本假设，着眼于既有增长范式内部的修修补补，面对生态逻辑与资本逻辑的深层冲突陷入理论迷局，对经济增长的生态成本和资源极限考量不足，难以适应经济社会可持续发展的迫切需求。

The Communist Party of China, adhering to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, has unequivocally put forward the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, transcending the cognitive limitations of the Western economic view of wealth. “Lucid waters and lush mountains” primarily refers to a good ecological environment and abundant natural resources, while “invaluable assets” is generally understood as the comprehensive achievements of economic and social development. The assertion that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes understands the essence, content, and measure of wealth from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, elucidates the internal mechanism of ecological value transformation, and has had a profound impact on the relationship between humanity and nature.

中国共产党坚持马克思主义立场观点方法，旗帜鲜明地提出绿水青山就是金山银山理念，超越了西方经济学财富观的认知局限。“绿水青山”主要是指良好的生态环境和丰富的自然资源，“金山银山”通常被理解为经济社会发展的综合成果。关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断，从人与自然和谐共生的高度理解财富本质、财富内容以及财富尺度，阐明了生态价值转换的内在机理，对人与自然的关系产生了深远影响。

1. The Essence of Wealth is an Advanced Form of Productive Forces Aligned with the Green Development Concept

1.财富本质是符合绿色发展理念的先进生产力质态

The reconstruction of the essence of wealth is a result of the contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production, and must be examined in conjunction with specific historical conditions. Marx elucidated the essence of wealth from the nature and degree of development of productive forces, emphasizing that “real wealth is the developed productive force of all individuals.” [1]1 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy). This primarily contains two layers of meaning: First, real wealth belongs to all individuals; it is the product of the practical activities of the subject, the confirmation of the subject’s essential powers, and “the universality of the individual’s needs, capacities, enjoyments, productive forces, etc., generated in universal exchange.” [2]2 Ibid. Second, real wealth is developed productive forces, the full development of the ability to utilize and transform nature. It is precisely because productive forces are highly developed that the fruits of wealth can be guaranteed to meet the needs of all people. Xi Jinping’s important assertion that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes provides an interpretation and expression of productive forces that aligns with the conditions of the New Era, clarifying that the essence of wealth is an advanced form of productive forces aligned with the green development concept, thereby enriching and developing the basic Marxist viewpoint on the essence of wealth.

财富本质的重构是生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的结果，需要结合具体的历史条件进行考察。马克思从生产力的性质和发展程度阐明财富的本质，强调“真正的财富就是所有个人的发达的生产力”。这里主要包含两层含义：一是真正的财富是属于所有个人的，是主体实践活动的产物，是主体本质力量的确证，是“在普遍交换中产生的个人的需要、才能、享用、生产力等等的普遍性”。二是真正的财富是发达的生产力，是利用自然和改造自然能力的充分发展。正是因为生产力高度发达，才能保证财富成果能够满足所有人的需要。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，对生产力作出了符合新时代条件的阐释和表达，明确财富的本质是符合绿色发展理念的先进生产力质态，丰富和发展了马克思主义关于财富本质的基本观点。

In “Protecting the Ecological Environment is Protecting Productive Forces, and Improving the Ecological Environment is Developing Productive Forces,” Xi Jinping pointed out that if development comes at a high ecological and environmental cost, “and then the wealth obtained must be used to repair and secure the most basic living environment, this is a logical vicious circle of gains not offsetting losses.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Protecting the Ecological Environment is Protecting Productive Forces, and Improving the Ecological Environment is Developing Productive Forces” (2013), in *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Civilization*, Vol. 1 (2025). The correct development approach should consider the corresponding environmental impacts; real wealth should deduct the corresponding environmental losses and point toward green productive forces.

习近平总书记在《保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力》中指出，如果发展付出了高昂的生态环境代价，“最后还要用获得的财富来修复和获取最基本的生存环境，这就是得不偿失的逻辑怪圈”。正确的发展思路应当考量相应的环境影响，真正的财富应当扣除相应的环境损耗，指向绿色生产力。

On the one hand, real wealth highlights the stipulation of productive forces in terms of continuity. Specifically, developed productive forces represent a strong capacity for wealth creation, while green productive forces point toward a sustained capacity for wealth creation. Concepts proposed by Xi Jinping, such as “protecting the ecological environment is protecting productive forces, improving the ecological environment is developing productive forces” and “new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces,” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the 11th Collective Study Session of the Politburo of the 20th CPC Central Committee (2024). integrate ecological principles and systems science methods on the basis of adhering to dialectical materialism and historical materialism, elucidate the symbiotic relationship between humanity and nature, and highlight the green connotation of the constituent elements of productive forces and their interrelationships. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The total ecological value is the concept of green GDP, indicating that ecology itself is value. This includes not only the value of the trees themselves, but also the ‘green lung’ effect, and can further bring about tourism, the under-forest economy, etc.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, inspection tour in Zhejiang Province (2020). The theory of green productive forces does not merely acknowledge the role of resources and the environment in the sense of natural conditions and natural foundations, but directly incorporates ecological and environmental elements into the category of productive forces, emphatically highlighting the significant impact of natural productive forces on reducing the cost of production factors, improving labor efficiency, and optimizing the layout of productive forces. Generally speaking, in mining and agriculture, ore grade and land fertility directly affect the unit cost of extraction and cultivation, while natural deep-water harbors and flat terrain help reduce transportation costs and time, accelerating the production and circulation process. Moreover, the carrying capacity of resources and the environment has become an important factor affecting the core competitiveness of regions and even nations. Knowledge- and technology-intensive industries comprehensively consider factors such as environmental quality and development potential when selecting locations.

一方面，真正的财富突出生产力在延续性方面的规定性。确切地说，发达的生产力代表着强大的财富创造能力，绿色的生产力指向持续性的财富创造能力。习近平总书记提出的“保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力”“新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力”等理念，在坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基础上，融合生态学原理和系统科学方法，阐明人与自然之间的共生关系，突出生产力构成要素及其相互关系的绿色化意蕴。习近平总书记指出：“生态总价值，就是绿色GDP的概念，说明生态本身就是价值。这里面不仅有林木本身的价值，还有绿肺效应，更能带来旅游、林下经济等。”绿色生产力理论不只是在自然条件、自然基础的意义上承认资源环境的作用，而且直接将生态环境要素纳入生产力范畴，着重强调自然生产力对降低生产要素成本、提高劳动效率和优化生产力布局等方面的重要影响。一般来看，在矿业和农业中，矿物品位、土地肥力直接影响开采和种植的单位成本，而天然的良港、平坦的地形则有助于降低运输成本与时间，加速生产和流通过程。而且，资源环境承载能力已经成为影响地区乃至国家核心竞争力的重要内容，知识和技术密集型产业在选址时会综合考量环境质量和发展潜力等因素。

On the other hand, real wealth requires the construction of new types of relations of production that are compatible with it, giving rise to new business forms and new models, and benchmarking against the modernization of organizational forms. Nature is not only the starting point of social production but also an important constituent element in the development of the mode of material production. In the process of social reproduction, different proportions and structural combinations of natural resources, human resources, capital, technology, etc., in terms of quality and quantity, often result in different allocation efficiencies and spatial patterns. As an advanced form of productive forces, green productive forces take the leap in laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination as their basic connotation. Their formation and development do not rely on the power to dominate value but originate from the synergistic evolution and innovative breakthroughs of knowledge, technology, and institutions. In the *Critique of the Gotha Programme*, Marx wrote: “Only when a person initially relates to nature, the primary source of all means of labor and subjects of labor, as an owner, treating it as something belonging to him, does his labor become the source of use-values, and hence also the source of wealth.” [6]6 Karl Marx, *Critique of the Gotha Programme* (1875). Under the premise of adhering to the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, drawing on the dividends of the era of digitalization, networking, and intelligent development can promote continuous innovation in organizational forms, facilitate the optimal allocation of factors such as land, labor, capital, technology, and data, and ensure full consideration of resource and environmental inputs and outputs across the dimensions of the entire life cycle, all factors, and the entire chain. Based on the above, resource and environmental endowments and humanistic and historical conditions can better interact and integrate with each other, and be transformed into more complete infrastructure, a more skilled labor force, and a more dynamic knowledge production paradigm through spatial agglomeration, industrial clustering, and technological innovation, forming a sustained capacity to attract production factors like labor and capital, and achieving a positive feedback loop between ecological advantages and development advantages. Vigorously developing green productive forces, promoting the coordinated carbon reduction transformation of industrial and supply chains, and facilitating the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure will continue to manifest their enabling effects.

另一方面，真正的财富要求构建与之相适应的新型生产关系，催生新业态、新模式，对标组织形态的现代化。自然界不仅是社会生产的起点，而且是物质生产方式发展的重要构成要素。在社会再生产过程中，自然资源、人力资源、资金技术等在质和量上的不同比例、不同结构组合，往往形成不同的配置效率和空间格局。绿色生产力作为先进生产力质态，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，其形成和发展并不依靠对价值的支配权，而是源于知识、技术与制度的协同演进和创新突破。马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中写道：“只有一个人一开始就以所有者的身份来对待自然界这个一切劳动资料和劳动对象的第一源泉，把自然界当做属于他的东西来处置，他的劳动才成为使用价值的源泉，因而也成为财富的源泉。”在坚持中国特色社会主义制度的前提下，汲取数字化、网络化、智能化发展的时代红利，能够推动组织形式不断创新，促进土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据等要素的优化配置，确保在全生命周期、全要素、全链条的维度上充分考量资源和环境的投入和产出。基于以上情况，资源环境禀赋和人文历史条件才能更好相互作用、相互融合，并通过空间集聚、产业集聚、技术创新等转化为更完善的基础设施、更熟练的劳动力、更有活力的知识生产范式，形成对劳动力、资本等生产要素的持续吸附能力，实现生态优势与发展优势的正反馈循环。大力发展绿色生产力，推动产业链供应链协同降碳转型，促进经济结构优化升级，赋能效应将持续显现。

2. The content of wealth includes high-quality ecological products and services that meet the people’s growing needs for a better life

2.财富内容包含满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的优质生态产品和服务

2. The Content of Wealth Includes High-Quality Ecological Products and Services That Meet the People’s Growing Needs for a Better Life

使用价值是财富的物质承担者，构成财富的物质内容；价值、货币等作为一种抽象，是财富的社会形式。马克思指出，资本对财富的追求是永无止境的，“要探索整个自然界，以便发现物的新的有用属性……采用新的方式(人工的)加工自然物，以便赋予它们以新的使用价值”。在资本增殖逻辑的主导下，自然界沦为抽象的有用物，人与自然的关系演变为统治与被统治的关系。需要是推动人与人的关系、人与自然的关系发展的内在动力。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断，以马克思主义政治经济学为理论基础，立足人类的主体性需要考察自然界的有用性，阐明自然界的丰富性与人的全面发展的高度契合性，突破了西方经济学对财富内容的单向度理解。

Use value is the material bearer of wealth and constitutes the material content of wealth; value, money, and the like, as abstractions, are the social form of wealth. Marx pointed out that capital’s pursuit of wealth is endless: “to explore the whole of nature in order to discover new useful properties of things… to adopt new ways (artificial) of processing natural objects in order to endow them with new use values.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (18 May 2018), in Xi Jinping, *Selected Readings from Xi Jinping’s Works*, vol. 2, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2023, p. 209. Under the logic of capital’s valorization, nature is reduced to an abstract useful thing, and the relationship between humans and nature evolves into one of domination and subjugation. Needs are the internal driving force for the development of the relations between humans and between humans and nature. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s thesis that lucid waters and lush

绿水青山是自然财富，是维持生命活动和种族繁衍的生态基础，也是人的本质力量的重要表现。马克思认为：“动物只是按照它所属的那个种的尺度和需要来构造，而人却懂得按照任何一个种的尺度来进行生产，并且懂得处处都把固有的尺度运用于对象；因此，人也按照美的规律来构造。”美是主观和客观的统一，表征一种更高层次的财富追求。人能够按照美的标准赋予自然界以意义，这体现了对绿水青山财富属性的深刻认识和理解，同时自然界的动态变化也会推动主体需要的适应性改变。随着时代条件的跃迁和发展环境的变化，人们的物质需要在不断得到满足的同时，对干净的水、清新的空气、安全的食品、优美的环境等方面的要求也越来越高。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，蕴含着对人与自然的互动关系的全面认识，明确了使用价值引领并规制价值的发展逻辑，意味着生产的目的复归到满足人类的真实需要。绿水青山就是金山银山理念深刻回应人民群众的美好期待，聚焦人民群众反映强烈的突出环境问题，强调积极防范和化解生态环境风险，推动生态环境质量持续改善，有效保障公众的身体健康和生命安全，进而降低生产生活成本支出，促进经济社会财富的快速积累。

The people’s growing needs for a better life are an important point of convergence for the multiple wealth attributes of lucid waters and lush mountains. Lucid waters and lush mountains constitute social wealth; ecological well-being is the well-being of the people’s livelihood. A sound ecological environment is an important condition for improving the quality of life and promoting social harmony, and is the foundation for the sustained development of people and society. Lucid waters and lush mountains constitute economic wealth; “a sound ecological environment itself contains infinite economic value, capable of continuously generating comprehensive benefits and achieving sustainable economic and social development.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (18 May 2018), in Xi Jinping, *Selected Readings from Xi Jinping’s Works*, vol. 2, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2023, p. 209. Ecological environmental protection and economic development complement each other; resource advantages, ecological advantages, and locational advantages can be transformed into development advantages. Lucid waters and lush mountains constitute spiritual wealth; a sound ecological environment can cultivate one’s character, stimulate aesthetic taste, and provide a place for people’s spiritual world to rest. A clean and tidy environment, rich biodiversity, beautiful natural landscapes, and ample and free living spaces can stimulate people’s creativity and imagination, enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, and thereby cultivate new-type workers. The thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes, focusing on the objective needs and subjective experiences of workers, analyzes the useful attributes of nature from multiple dimensions such as economy, society, and culture, reveals the close, mutually beneficial, and inseparable connection between humans and nature, and promotes the comprehensive manifestation of the content of wealth.

人民日益增长的美好生活需要是绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要结合点。绿水青山是社会财富，生态福祉就是民生福祉。良好的生态环境是提升生活品质与促进社会和谐的重要条件，是人与社会持续发展的根本。绿水青山是经济财富，“良好生态本身蕴含着无穷的经济价值，能够源源不断创造综合效益，实现经济社会可持续发展”。生态环境保护与经济发展相得益彰，资源优势、生态优势、区位优势可以转化为发展优势。绿水青山是精神财富，良好的生态环境能够陶冶情操、激发审美情趣，让人们的精神世界有所安放。干净整洁的环境、丰富的生物多样性、优美的自然景观和充裕自由的栖息空间，可以激发人的创造力和想象力，增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感，进而培育新型劳动者。关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断，着眼于劳动者的客观需求和主观体验，从经济、社会、文化等多个维度剖析自然界的有用属性，展现了人与自然紧密互利、不可分割的联系，推动财富内容的全面展现。

3. The measure of wealth should fully reflect the important contribution of resources and the environment

3.财富尺度应充分反映资源环境的重要贡献

As the process of modernization continues to advance, the measure of wealth will shift from labor time to free time. Marx believed that labor time can become the measure of wealth because labor itself is the great source of wealth, but “making labor time the sole measure and source of wealth” is a serious distortion produced by capitalist society. [8]8 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy), in *Marx/Engels Collected Works*, vol. 29, New York: International Publishers, 1987, p. 94. In communist society, the high development of productive forces will free people from the shackles of things; complex labor with high knowledge and technological content will gradually replace direct labor as the source of wealth; the exclusive possessions of the ruling class will become the common wealth of the whole society; and free time will become the measure of wealth. Following the logic of wealth in Marxist theory, since labor and nature together constitute the source of all wealth, the measure of wealth should also fully consider the impact of biological production, energy consumption, environmental pollution, etc., on value. The total amount of natural resources and the ecological environment is limited, and the speed of the ecosystem’s self-regulation and self-renewal is also limited; the scale of population and economic and social activities cannot exceed the threshold of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has profoundly revealed that “the environmental carrying capacity has reached or is approaching its upper limit” is one of the trend-based changes brought about by the new normal of China’s economic development, [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Explanatory Notes on the ‘Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development’” (3 November 2015), in Xi Jinping, *Selected Readings from Xi Jinping’s Works*, vol. 2, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2023, p. 273. emphasizing that the state of resources and the environment is an important indicator for measuring economic and social development.

随着现代化进程的不断推进，财富尺度将从劳动时间向自由支配时间转变。马克思认为，劳动时间之所以能够成为财富的尺度，是因为劳动本身是财富的巨大源泉，但是，“使劳动时间成为财富的唯一尺度和源泉”是资本主义社会产生的严重扭曲。到了共产主义社会，生产力高度发达将使人们摆脱物的束缚，知识技术含量高的复杂劳动将逐步取代直接的劳动成为财富的源泉，统治阶级的独占品将成为全社会的共同财富，自由时间将成为财富的尺度。按照马克思主义理论的财富逻辑，既然劳动和自然界一起构成一切财富的源泉，那么财富的尺度也应充分考虑生物生产、能源消耗、环境污染等对价值的影响。自然资源和生态环境的总量是有限的，生态系统自我调节和自我更新的速度也是有限的，人口规模和经济社会活动不能超过地球生态系统的阈值。以习近平同志为核心的党中央，深刻揭示出“环境承载能力已经达到或接近上限”是中国经济发展新常态带来的趋势性变化之一，强调资源环境状况是衡量经济社会发展的重要指标。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes is in essence a comprehensive assessment and recognition of ecosystem services and functions. It directly clarifies the important status of nature as a source and content of wealth, and carries out innovative exploration into the yardstick for measuring ecological value. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [10]10 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC was held in Beijing in November 2013 and focused on comprehensively deepening reform. proposed: “Accelerate price reform for natural resources and their products, fully reflecting market supply and demand, the degree of resource scarcity, and the costs of ecological environmental damage and restoration benefits.” [11]11 This is a quotation from the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform” (2013). Clearly, since green wealth originates from the biological production of ecosystems and the social production of human society, the measurement of green wealth should also concretely examine the value of human economic activities, external economic costs, scarcity premiums, and so forth. Looking further, the value measurement of green wealth involves not only the labor time expended by humans in resource and environmental development and utilization, operation and management, but must also fully reflect the costs of protection and restoration, pollution control, and other such efforts, as well as important content such as the time and space required for biological production, with the carrying capacity of resources and the environment as a key yardstick. Marx pointed out: “Natural forces cost nothing… However, the prime mover driven by natural forces, or the prime mover that adapts natural forces to the labor process, has value.” [12]12 This is a paraphrase of Marx’s argument in *Capital*, Volume I, regarding the role of natural forces in the labor process. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes further clarifies the significant contribution of nature in value augmentation. Focusing on the internal mechanisms and laws of ecosystems, it highlights the standards of “lucid” and “green,” emphasizing that specific temporal and spatial conditions are fundamental requirements for maintaining the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems, providing quantifiable criteria for measuring the value of ecological products and assessing the quality of the ecological environment. For example, China has proposed establishing an evaluation mechanism for the value of ecological products, exploring the construction of an evaluation system for the gross value of ecological products in administrative regional units and the value of ecological products in specific territorial units. [13]13 This refers to policy initiatives outlined in China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” period to establish systems for valuing ecological products. Combining territorial space and resource endowments, and considering investment returns and benefit distribution, it makes pioneering attempts to transform the value of ecological products into economic and social value. To do a good job of “managing mountains and waters, revealing mountains and waters,” it is necessary to “confine economic activities and human behavior within the limits that natural resources and the ecological environment can bear, leaving time and space for natural ecology to recuperate and regenerate.” [14]14 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection in 2018. Humanity’s leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom takes the shortening of the working day as its fundamental condition; at that time, humanity will have ample free time to develop interests, hobbies, individual potential, and social relations. Leaving time and space for natural ecology to recuperate and regenerate is a sober recognition that “humanity and nature are a community of life,” [15]15 This is a key concept from Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, emphasizing the interdependence of humanity and nature. and a risk management approach to the indirect, long-term impacts of production behavior on nature. This requires rationally regulating the material exchange between humanity and nature, striving to build a more resilient and secure natural ecosystem, and creating a solid ecological foundation for the symbiotic prosperity of humanity and nature. In the final analysis, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes measures the state of wealth according to the yardstick of comprehensive human development, guides production factors to flow towards green and low-carbon fields, and strives to avoid excessive consumption or waste of resources and the environment, inevitably promoting the high-quality accumulation of national wealth.

习近平总书记提出绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，实质是对生态系统服务和功能的综合评估认定，直接阐明了自然界作为财富来源、财富内容的重要地位，并就衡量生态价值的尺度进行创新性探索。党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，“加快自然资源及其产品价格改革，全面反映市场供求、资源稀缺程度、生态环境损害成本和修复效益”。显然，由于绿色财富来源于生态系统生物生产和人类社会生产，那么对绿色财富的衡量也应具体考察人类经济活动的价值、外部经济成本、稀缺性溢价等。进一步看，关于绿色财富的价值衡量，不仅涉及人类从事资源环境开发利用、经营管理所耗费的劳动时间，还要充分反映保护修复、污染治理等方面的代价，以及进行生物生产所需要的时间和空间等重要内容，要以资源环境的承载能力为重要标尺。马克思指出：“自然力不费分文……然而，自然力推动的原动机，或使自然力适用于劳动过程的原动机是有价值的。”习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，进一步明确了自然界在价值增殖中的重要贡献，着眼于生态系统的内在机理和规律，突出“绿”“青”的标准，强调特定的时空条件是维护生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性的基础性要求，为衡量生态产品的价值、评估生态环境的质量提供可量化的依据。例如，中国提出建立生态产品价值评价机制，探索构建行政区域单元生态产品总值和特定地域单元生态产品价值评价体系。结合地域空间和资源禀赋，考量投资回报和利益分配，为生态产品价值向经济价值、社会价值转化作出开拓性尝试。做好治山理水、显山露水的文章，就要“把经济活动、人的行为限制在自然资源和生态环境能够承受的限度内，给自然生态留下休养生息的时间和空间”。人类从必然王国向自由王国飞跃，以工作日的缩短为根本条件，届时人类将有充分的自由时间发展兴趣爱好、个性潜能和社会关系。给自然生态以休养生息的时间和空间，是对“人与自然是生命共同体”的清醒认识，是对生产行为在自然方面间接的、较远的影响的风险管理。这要求合理地调节人与自然之间的物质变换，努力构建更具韧性、更加安全的自然生态系统，为人与自然的共生繁荣创造坚实的生态根基。归根结底，习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，按照人的全面发展的标尺衡量财富的状况，引导生产要素向绿色低碳领域流动，着力避免资源环境的过度消耗或浪费，必然推动国民财富的高质量积累。

II. Theoretical Core: The Dialectical Logic of the Symbiotic Coexistence and Mutual Transformation of Multiple Wealths

二、理论核心：多元财富协同共生与相互转化的辩证逻辑

The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets is based on the multiple wealth attributes of lucid waters and lush mountains, grasping the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection according to the logic of mutual generation. The underlying logic lies in acknowledging and expanding the connectivity and consistency between the two. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes is based on an endogenous examination and analysis, emphasizing the consistency of the essence of wealth and the diversity of its forms. It reflects an important innovation in human understanding of wealth, helping to answer theoretical and practical questions such as how and why the multiple and efficient transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains is possible and necessary.

绿水青山就是金山银山理念以绿水青山的多元财富属性为基础，按照相互生成的逻辑把握经济发展与生态环境保护的关系，底层逻辑在于承认和拓展二者的相通性和一致性。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，是基于内生向度的考察与分析，强调财富本质的一致性、财富形式的多样性，反映了人类对财富认知的重要革新，助力回答绿水青山的多元高效转化何以可能、何以必然等理论和实践问题。

1. Adhering to the Unity of Historical Logic and Theoretical Logic

1.坚持历史逻辑和理论逻辑的统一

“Where history begins, the process of thought must also begin, and the further development of the process of thought is merely the reflection of the historical process in an abstract and theoretically consistent form.” [16]16 This is a paraphrase of Friedrich Engels’ formulation of the relationship between history and logic in his review of Marx’s *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*. The determination that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes is not an a priori presupposition, but a value and meaning constructed through comparative argumentation in the history of the interaction between humanity and nature, aiming to form a more comprehensive and universal connection between humanity and nature. Since reform and opening up, people’s understanding of the relationship between the “two mountains” of lucid waters and lush mountains and gold and silver mountains has gone through three stages in practice: the first stage was using lucid waters and lush mountains to exchange for gold and silver mountains; the second stage was wanting both gold and silver mountains and also protecting lucid waters and lush mountains; the third stage was recognizing that lucid waters and lush mountains can continuously bring forth gold and silver mountains. [17]17 This three-stage framework is a well-known formulation by Xi Jinping, first articulated during his work Clearly, the relationship between humanity and nature is not an abstract relationship, but a relationship under specific historical conditions. Among them, “using lucid waters and lush mountains to exchange for gold and silver mountains” represents a linear thinking view of wealth, which often narrowly understands wealth as monetizable commodities and services, ignoring the foundational role of the ecological environment. “Wanting both gold and silver mountains, but also protecting lucid waters and lush mountains” is a balanced view of wealth, marking humanity’s shift from unilaterally plundering nature to seeking a dynamic balance between development and protection. It is a sublation and transcendence of the development mode of the first stage, which was like “killing the goose that lays the golden eggs” and “draining the pond to catch all the fish.” [18]18 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly” (September 22, 2020). “Lucid waters and lush mountains can continuously bring forth gold and silver mountains” is a symbiotic view of wealth, elevating nature to a core capital that can appreciate. The evolution of these three stages reflects the development trend of human civilization leaping from conquering nature to the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature.

“历史从哪里开始，思想进程也应当从哪里开始，而思想进程的进一步发展不过是历史过程在抽象的、理论上前后一贯的形式上的反映”。关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的认定不是先验的预设，而是在人同自然的互动历史中进行比较论证而建构的价值与意义，旨在使人与自然之间形成更全面更普遍的联系。改革开放以来，人们在实践中对绿水青山和金山银山这“两座山”之间关系的认识经过了三个阶段：第一个阶段是用绿水青山去换金山银山，第二个阶段是既要金山银山、也要保住绿水青山，第三个阶段是认识到绿水青山可以源源不断地带来金山银山。显然，人与自然的关系不是抽象的关系，而是特定历史条件下的关系。其中，“用绿水青山去换金山银山”代表着线性思维的财富观，往往将财富狭隘地理解为可货币化的商品和服务，忽视生态环境的基础作用。“既要金山银山，但是也要保住绿水青山”是一种平衡型财富观，标志着人类从单向掠夺自然转向寻求发展与保护之间的动态平衡，是对第一阶段杀鸡取卵、竭泽而渔的发展方式的扬弃与超越。“绿水青山可以源源不断地带来金山银山”是一种共生型财富观，将自然界上升为可增殖的核心资本。这三个阶段的演进，反映了人类文明从征服自然向人与自然和谐共生飞跃的发展趋向。

A profound understanding of the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets requires a reinterpretation of “what is wealth” and “how to create wealth.” Through institutional and market design, natural capital should be truly incorporated into the national wealth accounting system, promoting the internalization of ecological environmental costs, and exploring the realization and appreciation of the value of ecological products. At present, the ecological environmental problems accumulated in human history are characterized by complexity, comprehensiveness, and difficulty. They include not only the “tragedy of the commons” problem, where property rights are not clearly defined or reasonable use boundaries are not set, but also the “tragedy of the anti-commons” problem caused by excessive privatization. [19]19 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1953), p. 13. When property rights are excessively fragmented, it can lead to the dispersion of exclusive rights, resulting in underutilization or even idleness of resources. When public resources lack matching property rights constraints and governance systems, it can easily trigger conflicts between individual rationality and collective rationality, causing destructive impacts on resources and the environment. “All factors may cause ecological problems under specific conditions. These ‘specific conditions’ are partly contained in other factors, such as the combination of two or more factors being sufficient to cause ecological problems.” [20]20 The principal contradiction in Chinese society is officially defined as the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. Under the socialist system, natural resources such as mineral deposits, water flows, and forests are owned by the state and the collective, providing a fundamental institutional basis for regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital. Based on the new requirements of the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has proposed building a high-level socialist market economy system, actively expanding effective paths for realizing the value of ecological products. The aim is not to change the ownership attributes of public ecological products, but to focus on exploring the intrinsic connections between natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems, promoting the internalization of ecological costs, and addressing the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development. Adhering to green and low-carbon development, exploring the implementation of the strictest systems and the most rigorous rule of law, from the transformation of policy concepts and the enrichment of policy tools to the improvement of implementation mechanisms, provides reliable guarantees for advancing the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

深刻理解绿水青山就是金山银山理念，要求对“什么是财富”和“如何创造财富”进行重新诠释，通过制度和市场设计将自然资本真正纳入国民财富的核算体系，推动生态环境成本内部化，探索生态产品价值的实现与增殖。目前来看，人类历史所累积的生态环境问题具有复合型、综合性、难度大的特点，不仅包括未明确界定产权或未设定合理使用边界的“公地悲剧”问题，而且有过度私有化所导致的“反公地悲剧”问题。当产权被过度分割时，会导致排他性权利分散，出现资源利用不足甚至闲置。当公共资源缺乏相匹配的产权约束和治理制度时，容易触发个体理性与集体理性的冲突，对资源环境造成破坏性影响。“所有的因素都可能在特定条件下引起生态问题。这些‘特定条件’部分地包含于其他因素中，如两个或更多因素的结合就足以造成生态问题。”在社会主义制度下，矿藏、水流、森林等自然资源属于国家和集体所有，为规范和引导资本健康发展提供根本制度基础。立足新时代新要求，以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，积极拓展生态产品价值实现的有效路径，不是要改变公共生态产品的所有权属性，而是要着力挖掘自然生态系统和社会经济系统的内在关联，促进生态成本内化，推动解决发展不平衡不充分问题。坚持绿色低碳发展，探索实行最严格的制度、最严密的法治，从政策理念的转变、政策工具的丰富到执行机制的完善，为推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化提供可靠保障。

2. Adhering to the Unity of Science and Value

2.坚持科学与价值的统一

Adhering to the unity of science and value refers to the deep integration and mutual support between the correct understanding of objective laws and the universal pursuit of the people’s well-being. The connection between the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system is bidirectional and interactive, with each depending on and shaping the other, encompassing linkages across different spatial scales and levels of organization. The proposition that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes is based on a profound understanding of the complex mechanisms of interaction between the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system. In the process of Western modernization, a developmental logic that prioritizes exchange value over use value is embedded, and nature is habitually reduced to a “tap” and a “sewer” serving the self-expansion of capital, failing to scientifically grasp the comprehensive value and systemic functions of the natural world. As natural wealth, lucid waters and lush mountains constitute foundational and original wealth, a form of wealth relatively independent of economic wealth, social wealth, and spiritual wealth, and they impose constraints on the creation of economic, social, and spiritual wealth. Whether nature can continuously function as comprehensive value depends first on the operational efficiency and stability of the ecosystem itself, emphasizing that economic development must be premised on maintaining the stock, increment, and renewability of natural wealth, requiring that economic activities be conducted within ecological thresholds and follow the operational laws of the ecosystem. At the same time, the protection and utilization of lucid waters and lush mountains must follow the laws of the market economy, establish the concept of natural value and natural capital; products and services transformed from lucid waters and lush mountains can only have sustainable competitiveness if they meet market demand. They must follow the laws of social development; the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains into gold and silver mountains should benefit the people’s welfare and social harmony and justice, thereby gathering broader forces. They must follow the laws of spiritual activity; resonance with and awe of the natural order are important sources of human aesthetic experience.

坚持科学与价值的统一是指对客观规律的正确认识与对人民福祉的普遍追求两者之间的深度融合与相互支撑。自然生态系统与社会经济系统之间的联系是双向互动的，彼此相互依存、相互塑造，涵盖不同空间尺度和组织水平的关联。绿水青山具有多元财富属性论断的提出是基于对自然生态系统与社会经济系统之间复杂作用机制的深刻认识。在西方现代化进程中，内嵌着交换价值优于使用价值的发展逻辑，习惯将自然简化为服务于资本增殖的“水龙头”与“污水池”,不能科学把握自然界的综合性价值和系统性功能。绿水青山作为自然财富，是基础性财富、本源性财富，是相对独立于经济财富、社会财富和精神财富之外的一种财富形式，对于经济财富、社会财富和精神财富的创造具有制约性。自然界能否持续地作为综合性价值发挥作用，首先取决于生态系统本身的运行效率和稳定性，强调发展经济要以维持自然财富的存量、增量和可再生为前提条件，要求经济活动必须在生态阈值内进行，遵循生态系统的运行规律。同时，对绿水青山的保护利用要遵循市场经济规律，树立自然价值和自然资本的理念，由绿水青山转化的产品和服务只有符合市场需求，才能具有可持续的竞争力；要遵循社会发展规律，绿水青山向金山银山的转化应当有利于人民的福祉和社会的和谐公正，进而汇聚更广泛的力量；要遵循精神活动的规律，对自然秩序的共鸣与惊叹是人类审美体验的重要来源。

“If humanity does not fail nature, nature will not fail humanity” [18]18 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly” (September 22, 2020).; the proposition that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes embodies the people-centered value orientation. Marx pointed out: “Wealth, from the material perspective, is merely the diversity of needs.” [19]19 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1953), p. 13. Human needs are satisfied and developed in social practice, exhibiting different characteristics at different historical stages. Society advances in a spiral through the cycle of resolving contradictions and developing new needs; social development stimulates humanity to continuously discover new attributes of nature, thereby establishing new connections between humanity and nature. From primitive society to modern society, humanity’s pursuits have advanced from survival needs to developmental needs, exhibiting multi-layered and diversified characteristics, which urgently demand greater diversity in the relationship between humanity and nature. Firmly establishing and practicing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets is a safeguard for the safety of people’s lives, a concern for people’s health, and a commitment to enriching people’s spiritual world. Moreover, this is not only to meet the survival and development needs of the present generation but also for the health and well-being of future generations, and for the continuation and accumulation of civilization. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets is a profound grasp of the changes in the principal contradiction in society [20]20 The principal contradiction in Chinese society is officially defined as the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life., a scientific coordination based on the overall situation of economic and social development, and embodies the fundamental logic of development for the people, by the people, and with the people sharing in its fruits. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis on the multiple wealth attributes of lucid waters and lush mountains flexibly applies theories and methods from multiple disciplines such as ecology, economics, and systems science, containing a profound understanding of the operational laws of the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system. The transformation from lucid waters and lush mountains to gold and silver mountains takes meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as the starting point and ultimate goal, clarifies the foundational and constraining role of resources and the environment on economic and social development, and emphasizes the realization of fairness and justice in the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, embodying the unity of conformity with laws and conformity with purposes.

“人不负青山，青山定不负人”,关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断体现了以人民为中心的价值取向。马克思指出：“财富从物质上来看只是需要的多样性。”人的需要是在社会实践中得到满足和发展的，在不同历史阶段呈现出不同的特征。社会就是在解决矛盾与发展新需要的循环中螺旋式上升的，社会发展会激发人类不断发现自然界新的属性，从而在人与自然之间建立新的联系。从原始社会到现代社会，人类的追求由生存需要向发展需要迈进，呈现多层次、多样化的特征，这迫切要求人与自然的关系更加多样。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，是对人民生命安全的守护，是对人民健康的关切，也是丰富人民精神世界的担当。而且，这不仅是为了满足当代人生存和发展的需要，更是为了子孙后代的健康和福祉，为了文明的延续和积累。绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，是对社会主要矛盾变化的深刻把握，是立足经济社会发展全局的科学统筹，体现了发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享的根本逻辑。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，灵活运用了生态学、经济学、系统学等多学科理论与方法，蕴含着对自然生态系统和社会经济系统运行规律的深刻认识。从绿水青山向金山银山转化，以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为出发点和落脚点，明确资源环境对经济社会发展的基础性和约束性作用，注重在经济社会发展全面绿色转型中实现公平正义，体现了合规律性与合目的性的统一。

3. Adhering to the Unity of Possibility and Reality

3.坚持可能性与现实性的统一

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis on the multiple wealth attributes of lucid waters and lush mountains emphasizes that the unity of lucid waters and lush mountains with gold and silver mountains is the unity of potential value and actual value, and of development concepts and development practice. Marxism holds that labor is the decisive force in the creation of wealth; natural resources that have not yet participated in the production process and have not been developed are wealth in potential form. Only when labor becomes a free and conscious activity, “using the way of nature to nurture all things, seeking development opportunities from protecting nature,” [21]21 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Leaders’ Summit on Climate” (April 22, 2021). can it promote “the full flow of all sources of collective wealth.” [22]22 Karl Marx, *Critique of the Gotha Programme* (1875). General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that to promote the transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages, it is necessary to protect the ecological environment and “establish a green, low-carbon, circular economic system.” [23]23 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (May 18, 2018). That is to say, the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains into gold and silver mountains is conditional, constrained both by the operational state of the natural ecosystem itself and by humanity’s level of understanding and capacity to utilize nature, relying on the full release of human potential.

习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，强调绿水青山和金山银山的统一是潜在价值与现实价值、发展理念与发展实践的统一。马克思主义认为，劳动是财富创造的决定性力量，尚未参加生产过程和未被开发的自然资源是潜在形式的财富。只有当劳动成为自由自觉的活动，“以自然之道，养万物之生，从保护自然中寻找发展机遇”,才能推动“集体财富的一切源泉都充分涌流”。习近平总书记指出，促进生态优势转化为发展优势，要保护好生态环境，“建立绿色低碳循环经济体系”。也就是说，绿水青山向金山银山转化是有条件的，既受制于自然生态系统本身的运行状况，又取决于人们对自然界的认识水平和利用能力，依靠人的潜能的充分释放。

Reality contains possibility; lucid waters and lush mountains are gold and silver mountains because they inherently possess the enormous potential, as a healthy ecosystem, to be transformed into economic and social wealth. Lucid waters and lush mountains represent a healthy, complete, and vibrant ecosystem, characterized by multi-layeredness, diversity, and dynamism, capable of providing strong support for human production and living activities. For example, forests are reservoirs, money banks, grain banks, and carbon banks [24]24 A four-character slogan used in Chinese policy discourse to summarize the multiple functions of forests.; oceans are resource treasure houses and strategic spaces supporting future development [25]25 Reference to the strategic importance of oceans in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan and long-term development goals.; wetlands are cradles nurturing biodiversity. In a word, the ecosystem actually possesses inherent richness and the possibility of being transformed into multiple forms of wealth. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Correctly handle the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection… make a good ecological environment a growth point for people’s lives, a support point for sustained and healthy economic and social development, and a focal point for displaying China’s good image.” [26]26 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (May 18, 2018). This breaks away from the old theoretical framework that views environmental protection as a burden or cost, using “growth point,” “support point,” and “focal point” to vividly illustrate that ecological environmental protection is a field with strong growth momentum and potential, containing reverence and respect for the natural ecosystem itself. “Protecting the ecological environment means protecting natural value and increasing natural capital, means protecting the potential and staying power of economic and social development.” [27]27 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (May 18, 2018). Our Party has profoundly recognized the consistency between development and protection, emphasizing the need to make lucid waters and lush mountains more beautiful and promote the simultaneous enhancement of ecological, economic, and social benefits. Conversely, if the resilience and elasticity of the ecosystem are damaged, the ecosystem will weaken or even lose the possibility of transforming into gold and silver mountains.

现实性包含着可能性，绿水青山之所以是金山银山是由于其具有作为健康生态系统所内在蕴含的、可以转化为经济社会财富的巨大潜力。绿水青山表征健康、完整、有活力的生态系统，具有多层次性、多样性和动态性，能够为人类生产生活活动提供强有力支撑。例如，森林是水库、钱库、粮库、碳库,海洋是支撑未来发展的资源宝库和战略空间,湿地是孕育生物多样性的摇篮。一句话，生态系统现实上具有内在丰富性，具备转化为多元财富的可能性。习近平总书记指出，“正确处理经济发展和生态环境保护的关系……让良好生态环境成为人民生活的增长点、成为经济社会持续健康发展的支撑点、成为展现我国良好形象的发力点”。这里跳出了将环境保护视为负担或成本的旧有理论框架，用“增长点”“支撑点”和“发力点”形象地说明了生态环境保护是具有强大增长动力和潜力的领域，包含着对自然生态系统本身的敬畏和尊重。“保护生态环境就是保护自然价值和增值自然资本，就是保护经济社会发展潜力和后劲”。我们党已经深刻认识到发展与保护的一致性，强调把绿水青山建得更美，促进生态效益、经济效益、社会效益的同步提升。反之，如果生态系统的韧性和弹性遭到破坏，那么就会使生态系统削弱甚至丧失转化为金山银山的可能性。

Possibility exists within reality and can, under certain conditions, be transformed into reality, while reality in turn gives birth to new possibilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Lucid waters and lush mountains and gold and silver mountains are by no means opposed; the key lies in people, the key lies in thinking.” [28]28 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection” (May 18, 2018). The full release of human subjectivity and the comprehensive presentation of natural value influence and promote each other; humanity’s purposeful and conscious practical activities can transform the potential value contained in lucid waters and lush mountains into tangible, knowable, and enjoyable economic and social benefits. On the new journey of the New Era, the consciousness and initiative of the entire Party and the whole country in promoting green development have significantly strengthened; the “four beams and eight pillars” [29]29 A Chinese idiom referring to the main supporting framework; here it denotes the foundational institutional structure of the ecological civilization system. of the ecological civilization system have been basically established; a multi-governance pattern for ecological and environmental governance has gradually taken shape; institutional innovations such as the central ecological environmental protection inspection [30]30 A central-level inspection mechanism established in 2015 to supervise local governments’ compliance with environmental regulations. and the ecological protection red line [31]31 A policy designating areas with important ecological functions as off-limits to industrial development, formally introduced in 2017. have been continuously advanced, providing institutional guarantees for the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains into gold and silver mountains. Digital technology is flourishing, the modern market system is gradually improving, and financial instruments such as credit and bonds are continuously upgrading, making the identification and assessment, decision-making and management, protection and restoration of the ecological environment and natural resources increasingly efficient, intelligent, and refined, creating conditions to break through the bottleneck of ecological products being “difficult to measure, difficult to mortgage, difficult to trade, and difficult to monetize.” [32]32 A common phrase in Chinese policy documents describing the challenges of commodifying ecological assets. The development and progress of the New Era make high-level protection possible, and high-level protection continuously shapes new drivers and new advantages for development, enabling the sustained transformation of natural wealth into economic wealth, social wealth, and spiritual wealth.

可能性存在于现实性之中，并在一定条件下可以转化为现实性，而现实性又孕育新的可能性。习近平总书记指出：“绿水青山和金山银山决不是对立的，关键在人，关键在思路。”人的主体性的充分释放和自然价值的全面呈现是相互影响、相互促进的，人类有目的有意识的实践活动，能够将绿水青山所蕴含的潜在价值转化为可感、可知、可享的经济效益和社会效益。新时代新征程，全党全国推动绿色发展的自觉性和主动性显著增强，生态文明制度的“四梁八柱”基本建立，多元共治的生态环境治理格局逐步形成，中央生态环境保护督察、生态保护红线等制度创新不断推进，为绿水青山转化为金山银山提供制度保障。数字化技术蓬勃发展，现代市场体系逐步完善，信贷、债券等金融工具不断升级，使得对生态环境和自然资源的识别与评估、决策和管理、保护和修复日益高效化、智能化与精细化，为突破生态产品“难度量、难抵押、难交易、难变现”的瓶颈创造条件。新时代的发展进步使高水平保护成为可能，而高水平保护不断塑造发展的新动能、新优势，使得自然财富能够向经济财富、社会财富和精神财富持续转化。

III. Theoretical Value: The Ecological Reconstruction of the Concept of Wealth and Its Future Vision

三、理论价值：财富观的生态化重构及未来图景

The reconstruction of the concept of wealth profoundly affects the way humans understand the world, harboring the fundamental question of how to view the world. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets elucidates, from the perspective of the concept of wealth, the intrinsic connection between lucid waters and lush mountains and invaluable assets, further deepening the understanding of the laws of wealth creation and distribution, highlighting the foundational and universal significance of natural ecosystems, promoting the self-reshaping of humanity, helping to break through the ecological predicament of traditional industrial civilization, and enriching the ecological foundation of Chinese-path modernization.

财富观的重构深刻影响着人类理解世界的方式，潜藏着如何看待世界的根本问题。绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，从财富观的角度阐明绿水青山与金山银山的内在关联，进一步深化了对财富创造和分配规律的认识，突出自然生态系统的基础性和普遍性意义，促进人类的自我重塑，助力突破传统工业文明的生态困境，厚植中国式现代化的生态底蕴。

1. Adhering to green and low-carbon development as a new path for wealth accumulation

1.将坚持绿色低碳发展作为财富积累的新道路

The thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes places the understanding of the “quality” of wealth in a more prominent position, emphasizing the better coordination of effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth, clarifying green as the distinctive底色 [33]33 底色 (dǐsè): Literally “background color” or “base color”; in this context, it means the foundational or defining characteristic. of Chinese-path modernization, driving the redefinition of development standards, and leading the green transformation of development concepts, development drivers, and development models. Western modernization excessively pursues quantitative growth, and its wealth accumulation manifests as the illusion of a vast accumulation of commodities, premised on global resource plunder, exploitation of cheap labor, and transfer of pollutants, exhibiting obvious unsustainability. Chinese-path modernization adheres to a green and low-carbon development path, taking the handling of the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection as the main line, and opening up a new path for wealth accumulation.

绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断将对财富“质”的理解摆在更加突出的位置，强调更好统筹质的有效提升和量的合理增长，明确绿色为中国式现代化的鲜明底色，推动发展标准的重新定义，引领发展理念、发展动力和发展模式的绿色转型。西方现代化过度追求量的增长，所进行的财富积累呈现为庞大的商品堆积的幻象，以全球范围内的资源攫取、廉价劳动力剥削和污染物转移为先决条件，具有明显的不可持续性。中国式现代化坚持走绿色低碳的发展道路，以处理好经济发展与生态环境保护的关系为主线，开拓出财富积累的新道路。

First, the development driver shifts from factor-driven to innovation-driven. “The development driver determines the speed, effectiveness, and sustainability of development.” The pursuit of profit and capital增殖 [34]34 增殖 (zēngzhí): In Marxist political economy, this term specifically refers to the valorization or self-expansion of capital, i.e., the process by which capital increases its value through the extraction of surplus value. is the engine of development in capitalist society. With the formation of the world market, the capitalist mode of production drove the development and expansion of global productive forces, but undermined the foundation for the sustainable development of the economy and society. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes takes respecting the integrity and stability of ecosystem structure and function as a prerequisite, sets the main tone of green and low-carbon development, highlights the inherent requirement of harmony between humanity and nature, and pursues the sustainability of economic and social development. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets establishes resources and the environment as factors of production, strives to promote the transformation of energy sources from fossil fuels to renewable energy, accelerates the cultivation of new quality productive forces, and creates a new engine for green development. Chinese-path modernization relies on scientific and technological innovation to cultivate new drivers, takes the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial structure as a strategic focus, and takes the improvement of total factor productivity as core support, avoiding excessive consumption of limited biological and physical resources, and even transforming resource and environmental constraints into new development opportunities, providing important reference for developing countries to advance modernization. New quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces, which are oriented by ecological priority and green development, and take emerging technologies such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain as new drivers, conducive to driving the green transformation of the entire industrial chain and continuously opening up new spaces for the development of human society.

其一，发展动力从要素驱动向创新驱动转变。“发展动力决定发展速度、效能、可持续性。”追求利润和资本增殖是资本主义社会的发展引擎。随着世界市场的形成，资本主义生产方式驱动了全球生产力的发展与扩张，但破坏了经济社会持续发展的根基。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断以尊重生态系统结构和功能的完整性、稳定性为前提，确定绿色低碳发展的主基调，突出人与自然和谐共生的内在要求，追求经济社会发展的可持续性。绿水青山就是金山银山理念确立资源环境为生产要素，着力推动能量来源从化石燃料向可再生能源的转变，加快培育新质生产力，打造绿色发展新引擎。中国式现代化依靠科技创新培育新动能，以产业结构绿色低碳转型为战略重点，以全要素生产率的提升为核心支撑，避免过度消耗有限的生物和物理资源，甚至使资源环境约束转化为新的发展契机，为发展中国家推进现代化提供重要借鉴。新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力，其以生态优先、绿色发展为导向，以互联网、大数据、人工智能、云计算、区块链等新兴技术为新动能，有利于带动全产业链的绿色变革，不断开拓人类社会发展的新空间。

Second, the development model shifts from extensive to intensive. The traditional development model is characterized by “high input, high consumption, and high pollution,” paying a heavy environmental cost and social price. To break through the environmental predicament, the Club of Rome proposed the “zero-growth theory” in the 1970s. In recent years, scholars such as Jason Hickel and Kohei Saito have begun to advocate the theory and method of “degrowth,” attracting widespread attention. Whether “zero growth” or “degrowth,” both are premised on the destructive assumption of economic growth, essentially focusing on grasping the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection from the perspective of opposition, believing that economic growth and environmental protection are incompatible. On the contrary, the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets transcends the zero-sum game thinking of either-or, resolutely opposes polluting first and treating later or only protecting without developing, and strives to open up a new path of synergistic coexistence between development and protection. China’s economic development mode is shifting from scale-speed extensive growth to quality-efficiency intensive growth, demonstrating a development logic oriented towards the new and the excellent, and more prominently highlighting the requirements of sustainable development. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets does not simply balance or give equal consideration to multiple forms of wealth, but emphasizes the mutual transformation of ecological advantages and development advantages, specifically achieved by broadening the path for realizing the value of ecological products and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. In short, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes is a scientific judgment based on realistic possibilities, a positive response to the expectations of the people, and an inevitable choice for addressing global ecological challenges and achieving prosperous development.

其二，发展模式从粗放型向集约型转变。传统发展模式以“高投入、高消耗、高污染”为显著特征，付出了沉重的环境成本和社会代价。为突破环境困局，罗马俱乐部在20世纪70年代提出了“零增长理论”。近年来，杰森·希克尔、斋藤幸平等学者又开始倡导“去增长”的理论和方法，引发多方关注。无论是“零增长”还是“去增长”,都是以经济增长的破坏性假设为前提，实质是侧重从对立层面把握经济增长和环境保护的关系，认为经济增长和环境保护是不兼容的。相反，绿水青山就是金山银山理念超越非此即彼的零和博弈思维，坚决反对先污染后治理或只保护不发展，着力开拓发展与保护协同共生的新道路。中国的经济发展方式正从规模速度型粗放增长转向质量效率型集约增长，展现向新向优的发展逻辑，更加突出可持续发展的要求。绿水青山就是金山银山理念并非简单地平衡或兼顾多元财富，而是强调生态优势和发展优势的相互转化，具体通过拓宽生态产品价值实现路径，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型等来实现。总之，习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，是基于现实可能性的科学判断，是对人民期待的积极回应，是应对全球生态挑战、实现繁荣发展的必然选择。

2. Taking the maintenance of ecological justice as an important principle of wealth distribution

2.以维护生态正义为财富分配的重要原则

The issue of wealth distribution concerns the balance and stability of economic and social development, and also has an important guiding role in the relationship between humanity and nature. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets emphasizes the sustainability of wealth creation and the fairness of wealth distribution, seeks the most inclusive and fairest ecological well-being, and presupposes at the bottom a set of value logic (the value logic of a “community of life”) that can identify, integrate, and realize such multiple wealth attributes, advocating reciprocating nature’s gifts in an equal manner, and coordinating the rights and obligations of contemporary people and between contemporary and future generations in protecting and utilizing resources and the environment according to fair principles.

财富分配问题关系到经济社会发展的平衡稳定，对人与自然的关系也具有重要导向作用。绿水青山就是金山银山理念强调财富创造的持续性和财富分配的公平性，谋求最普惠最公平的生态福祉，在底层预设了一套能识别、整合并实现这种多元财富属性的价值逻辑(“生命共同体”的价值逻辑),主张以对等的方式回馈自然界的恩赐，以公平的原则协调当代人之间以及当代人与后代人在保护和利用资源环境方面的权利义务关系。

First, strengthening the weight of resources and the environment in wealth distribution. Wealth distribution in Western capitalist countries is mainly based on the distribution according to capital factors, continuously intensifying the opposition between capital and labor, and between capital and nature, inevitably leading to polarization between rich and poor and ecological imbalance. They selectively incorporate those parts of nature that can be easily defined and quantified into the analysis system, while underestimating and excluding those ecological functions and important values that cannot be commodified and capitalized. China adheres to the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple forms of distribution coexisting, affirming the core position of labor in wealth distribution while also focusing on mobilizing the vitality of various production factors such as capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data, striving to make the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains have multiple wealth attributes emphasizes, on the basis of adhering to and improving the socialist distribution system with Chinese characteristics, giving fuller recognition to the contribution of resources and the environment, and promoting the value of resources and the environment to be duly reflected in economic and social development. Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system, fully considering ecological and environmental impacts when formulating economic and technological policies and economic and social development plans, strengthening coordination with reforms such as the property rights system for natural resource assets, the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, and the ecological protection compensation mechanism,统筹推进 [35]35 统筹推进 (tǒngchóu tuījìn): A standard CPC formulation meaning “to coordinate and advance” or “to make comprehensive and coordinated progress on” multiple tasks or reforms simultaneously. the ecologization of industry and the industrialization of ecology, and promoting the realization of common prosperity and fairness and justice.

其一，强化资源环境在财富分配中的权重。西方资本主义国家的财富分配是以按资本要素分配为主，不断强化资本与劳动、自然的对立，必然引发贫富两极分化以及生态环境失衡。他们有选择地将自然界中那些能够被轻易界定和量化的部分纳入分析体系，同时会低估和排斥那些无法被商品化和资本化的生态功能和重要价值。我国坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，既肯定劳动在财富分配中的核心地位，又注重调动资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等各类生产要素的活力，致力于让现代化建设成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，强调在坚持和完善中国特色社会主义分配制度的基础上，对资源环境的贡献度给予更充分认可，促进资源环境的价值在经济社会发展中得到应有的体现。推进中国式现代化，要求深化生态文明体制改革，在制定经济技术政策和经济社会发展规划时充分考虑生态环境影响，加强与自然资源资产产权制度、生态产品价值实现机制、生态保护补偿机制等改革协同，统筹推进产业生态化与生态产业化，推动实现共同富裕与公平正义。

Second, it further highlights the fairness and inclusiveness of wealth distribution. Ecological value is not formed naturally or bestowed externally, but is dynamically generated in the process of subject-object interaction. Western modernization upholds an individual-based value system, trumpeting partial, short-sighted egoistic behavior, which has caused serious harm to the natural world. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets elucidates the wealth significance of lucid waters and lush mountains, affirms the principal position of laborers, promotes new changes in the connotation and yardstick of wealth, and guides capital and labor toward new directions. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets emphasizes that everyone is a protector, builder, and beneficiary of the ecological environment, striving to awaken the rationality and sense of responsibility of humanity as a whole, thereby achieving a high degree of harmony and unity between humans and humans, and between humans and nature. From the perspective of time and space, the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets considers the relationship between humans and nature from the heights of responsibility toward future generations, responsibility toward the Chinese nation, and responsibility toward human civilization, emphasizing intra-generational and inter-generational fairness and justice. On the one hand, it emphasizes the breadth and inclusiveness of interest subjects, advocating crossing geographical boundaries and administrative barriers, transcending the limitations of localities, departments, or specific interest groups, seeking the most inclusive well-being of the people, and allowing the masses to share the fruits of constructing lucid waters and lush mountains. On the other hand, it emphasizes inter-generational lasting well-being, advocating leaving natural assets for future generations, and not impairing the ability of later generations to meet their needs. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets acknowledges that human economic activities are embedded in natural ecosystems, focuses on the integrity and continuity of the community of life, emphasizes the immense power of natural laws and the inviolability of ecological thresholds, and demands humility and reverence toward unknown and potential values. From the perspective of subject capacity, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes upholds the principal position of the people, advocates the joint participation, joint construction, and joint enjoyment of the masses, and cultivates new-era individuals with corresponding ecological civilization literacy who can shoulder the task of national rejuvenation. [36]36 “New-era individuals” (时代新人) refers to people cultivated under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, who are expected to possess both high moral character and professional competence to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. New-era individuals are pioneers who are courageous in innovation and creation, possess professional knowledge and skills, can make key breakthroughs in technologies such as synergistic pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and the prevention and control of new pollutants, can promote the green restructuring of the industrial landscape, and advance the improvement of the policy system for green and low-carbon development. New-era individuals are practitioners of a simple and moderate lifestyle, who have a full understanding and recognition of the forms and content of wealth, can internalize green development in their hearts and externalize it in their actions, and actively pursue a rich spiritual world and a healthy lifestyle. In summary, what the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets pursues is not merely the growth of material wealth, but the comprehensive development of people and the overall progress of society.

其二，更加突出财富分配的公平性和普惠性。生态价值不是自然形成的或外部赋予的，而是在主客体互动过程中动态生成的。西方现代化崇尚以个体为本位的价值观，鼓吹局部、短视的利己主义行为，对自然界产生了严重危害。绿水青山就是金山银山理念阐明绿水青山的财富意义，肯定劳动者的主体地位，推动财富内涵和财富标尺的新变化，引领资本和劳动力流向新方向。绿水青山就是金山银山理念强调每个人都是生态环境的保护者、建设者、受益者，力求唤醒人类作为一个整体的理性与责任意识，进而实现人与人、人与自然的高度和谐统一。从时空维度看，绿水青山就是金山银山理念是站在对子孙后代负责、对中华民族负责、对人类文明负责的高度考量人与自然的关系，强调代内与代际的公平正义。一方面，强调利益主体的广泛性和包容性，主张跨越地理边界与行政壁垒，超越地方、部门或特定利益集团的局限，谋求最普惠的民生福祉，让人民群众共享绿水青山的建设成果。另一方面，强调代际间的持久福祉，主张为子孙后代留下自然资产，不能损害后代人满足其需求的能力。绿水青山就是金山银山理念，承认人类的经济活动内嵌于自然生态系统，着眼于生命共同体的整体性和连续性，强调自然规律的巨大力量和生态阈值的不可侵犯性，要求对未知价值和潜在价值保持谦逊与敬畏。从主体能力看，习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断坚持人民主体地位，主张人民群众共同参与共同建设共同享有，培养具备相应生态文明素养、能够担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。时代新人是勇于创新创造的开拓者，具备专业知识和技能，能够对减污降碳协同增效、新污染物防控等关键技术进行重点攻关，能够推动产业格局绿色重构，推进绿色低碳发展政策体系完善。时代新人是简约适度生活的践行者，对财富的形式和内容有充分的理解和认同，能够将绿色发展内化于心、外化于行，主动追求丰富的精神世界、健康的生活方式。综上而言，绿水青山就是金山银山理念，所追求的不仅仅是物质财富的增长，更是人的全面发展和社会全面进步。

3. Taking the flourishing development of human civilization as the strategic goal of wealth inheritance

3.以人类文明的繁荣发展为财富传承的战略目标

Wealth inheritance is mainly realized through inter-generational transmission, reproducing social relations and power structures, and contains the future vision of the evolution of human civilization. Under the Western capitalist system, wealth inheritance takes capital accumulation and proliferation as its core concern, mainly ensuring the continuation of capital ownership and control within specific families or classes. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes uses “lucid” and “lush” as qualifiers for “waters” and “mountains,” clarifying the essential attributes and basic characteristics of ecological wealth, highlighting the important position of the human-nature relationship in the evolution of human civilization, focusing on promoting the true resolution of contradictions between humans and nature and between humans and humans, reflecting a critique and transcendence of Western modern civilization, and revealing the inevitable logic and historical trend of promoting civilizational development.

财富传承主要是通过代际传递实现，再生产社会关系和权力结构，蕴含着人类文明演进的未来图景。西方资本主义制度下的财富传承以资本积累和增殖为核心关切，主要是确保资本所有权和控制权在特定家族或阶层内部的延续。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，以“绿”“青”为“水”“山”的限定词，明确生态财富的本质属性和基本特征，突出人与自然关系在人类文明演进中的重要地位，着重推动人与自然界之间、人与人之间的矛盾的真正解决，体现了对西方现代文明的批判与超越，反映出推动文明发展的必然逻辑和历史趋势。

First, the thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes leads toward a more resilient and sustainable form of civilization. The development of civilization is a process requiring continuous exploration and practice, necessitating constant innovation in existing institutions, technologies, and concepts, thereby making room for the growth of new things. The ecological structure is the “material shell” of the social organism, possessing a relatively independent status, capable of providing spatial carriers and resource-environmental guarantees for the development of human civilization, and is crucial to the generation, continuation, and transformation of civilization. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets clarifies that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes, highlighting the integrative role of ecological civilization construction, emphasizing its key role in promoting the coordinated development of economy, politics, culture, and society. To firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, it is necessary to take ecological civilization construction as the foundation, integrate positive and rational elements, set boundaries for economic development, optimize the mode of resource allocation, and vigorously develop new forms of green economy; to take ecological civilization construction as the foundation, lead political issues and policy directions, and spur institutional innovation and governance modernization; to take ecological civilization construction as the foundation, shape ethical norms and aesthetic orientations, and cultivate new cultural trends and moral consciousness; to take ecological civilization construction as the foundation, coordinate development rights and responsibility distribution, and promote social fairness and harmony. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets emphasizes using the certainty of natural ecological security to prevent and respond to various risks and uncertainties, ensuring the continuous supply of energy and resources, promoting the continuous elevation of the safety threshold of human civilization, and leading the new direction of human civilizational development.

其一，关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断引领更具韧性和可持续性的文明形态。文明的发展是一个需要持续探索与实践的过程，需要不断对已有制度、技术和观念进行革新，从而为新事物生长腾出空间。生态结构是社会有机体的“物质外壳”,具有相对独立的地位，能够为人类文明发展提供空间载体和资源环境要素保障，关乎文明的生成、延续和转型。绿水青山就是金山银山理念明确绿水青山具有多元财富属性，突出了生态文明建设的融合性作用，强调其在推动经济、政治、文化、社会协同发展中扮演的关键角色。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念，要以生态文明建设为基础，整合积极与合理要素，为经济发展划定边界，优化资源配置方式，大力发展绿色经济新业态；要以生态文明建设为基础，引领政治议题和政策走向，催生制度创新与治理现代化；要以生态文明建设为基础，形塑伦理规范和审美取向，培育新的文化风尚和道德自觉；要以生态文明建设为基础，统筹发展权利和责任分配，促进社会公平与和谐。绿水青山就是金山银山理念，强调以自然生态安全的确定性来防范和应对各种风险和不确定性，确保能源资源的持续性供给，促进人类文明的安全阈值不断提升，引领人类文明发展的新方向。

Second, the thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes leads toward a civilizational development path of production development, affluent living, and sound ecology. Production, living, and ecology are mutually influencing and constraining; ecology is the foundation and boundary, production is the engine and pillar, and living is the purpose and orientation. The traditional development path one-sidedly emphasizes production as the center, making production itself the highest purpose, neglecting the social and ecological dimensions, ultimately inevitably undermining production itself and leading to unsustainable development. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thesis that lucid waters and lush mountains possess multiple wealth attributes encompasses wealth indicators from multiple dimensions including production, living, and ecology, involving adjustments of interests across multiple subjects, levels, and links. It upholds the “trinity” of production, living, and ecology, avoids consumptive competition, strengthens the synergistic promotion of pollution reduction, carbon reduction, green expansion, and growth, so as to achieve intensive and efficient production space, livable and moderate living space, and beautiful and clean ecological space. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets emphasizes resource-intensive and efficient use as the fundamental policy, advocates promoting changes in production methods through efficiency improvement, technological drive, and optimization of resource allocation, to transcend the development logic of mass production, mass consumption, and mass waste, and promote the green transformation of production methods. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets rejects sacrificing the life safety and health well-being of the people, advocates promoting the high-quality accumulation of social wealth, so that future generations can gaze at the starry sky, see green mountains, and smell the fragrance of flowers, and promotes the green transformation of lifestyles. The concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets emphasizes taking the carrying capacity of resources and the environment as the primary consideration, upholds the policy of prioritizing conservation, protection, and natural restoration, resolutely abandons the practice of sacrificing the ecological environment for short-term local economic growth, and promotes the construction of a beautiful homeland with blue skies, green earth, and clean water. To firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, strive to promote green innovation, cultivate new growth points, enhance long-term competitiveness and resilience against risks, achieve the joint improvement of development quality, people’s well-being, and the ecological environment, and move toward a brighter future.

其二，关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的论断引领生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。生产生活生态是相互影响、相互制约的，生态是基础与边界，生产是引擎与支柱，生活是目的与导向。传统的发展道路片面强调以生产为中心，生产本身成了最高目的，忽视了社会与生态的维度，最终必然反噬生产本身，导致发展的不可持续。习近平总书记关于绿水青山具有多元财富属性的重要论断，涵盖生产、生活、生态等多个维度的财富指标，涉及多主体、多层次、多环节的利益调整。坚持生产、生活和生态“三位一体”,避免消耗性竞争，强化减污降碳扩绿增长协同推进，以实现生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀。绿水青山就是金山银山理念，强调以资源集约高效利用为根本之策，主张通过效率提升、技术驱动和资源配置优化来推动生产方式变革，以超越大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃的发展逻辑，推动生产方式的绿色转型。绿水青山就是金山银山理念，拒绝以牺牲人民群众的生命安全和健康福祉为代价，主张推进社会财富的高质量积累，让子孙后代能够遥望星空、看见青山、闻到花香，推动生活方式的绿色转型。绿水青山就是金山银山理念，强调将资源环境承载能力作为首要考量因素，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，坚决摒弃以牺牲生态环境换取一时一地经济增长的做法，推动建设天蓝地绿水净的美好家园。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，努力促进绿色创新，培育新增长点，提升长期竞争力与抗风险能力，实现发展质量、人民福祉和生态环境三方面共同提升，走向更光明的未来。