Realistic Challenges and Countermeasures in Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, as an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, is a strategically forward-looking global governance proposal and great vision put forward by Xi Jinping. It profoundly reflects the Chinese Communist Party’s wise grasp of the laws governing the development of human society and highlights the Party’s historical mission and sense of responsibility to “seek common good for the world.” With the deepening of globalization and the volatile changes in the world situation, the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind has increasingly attracted widespread attention from the international community and gained universal recognition. It has been incorporated into resolutions of the United Nations Security Council and the Human Rights Council, becoming the greatest common denominator that reflects humanity’s common value pursuits and pools strength to jointly create a better life for mankind. This great proposal, hailed by Peter Thomson, President of the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly, as “the only future for humanity on this planet,” profoundly answers the questions that people around the world care about most: “what it is” and “what should be done.” Xi Jinping emphasized: “Great truths are simple, and action is the key. The key to building a community with a shared future for mankind lies in action.” From the day the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind was proposed, China has been striving to promote the practice of building it. China first proposed the Belt and Road Initiative and actively promotes international cooperation under the Belt and Road on the basis of the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits; in jointly responding to the “major test” of the COVID-19 pandemic with countries around the world, China advocated and actively practiced the concept of a global community of health for all; and it promotes the building of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation. In the process of jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind, we must grasp the general trend of historical development, recognize the progress already made, and strengthen our confidence in the inevitable realization of this community. At the same time, we must fully recognize the long-term, arduous nature of this practice and the realistic challenges it faces. Xi Jinping pointed out: “A community with a shared future for mankind is a beautiful goal, and it also requires the relay efforts of generations to achieve.” In terms of the huge differences in the strategic thinking and cultural values upheld by various countries, there is still a large gap to be bridged in building a community with a shared future for mankind. In terms of the current changes unseen in a century the world is undergoing, although the general trend is evolving towards pluralism, equality, and cooperation, there will inevitably be many unpredictable changes along the way, and these will all become realistic challenges that must be faced in building a community with a shared future for mankind. Correctly understanding these realistic challenges is conducive to fostering opportunities amidst crises and opening up new horizons amidst changes, so that the practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind can be deepened, solidified, and proceed steadily and far.

人类命运共同体理念作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是习近平提出的具有战略前瞻性的全球治理方案和伟大构想，深刻体现了中国共产党对人类社会发展规律的睿智把握，凸显了中国共产党“为世界谋大同”的历史使命感和责任感。随着全球化的深入发展和世界局势的风云变幻，人类命运共同体理念日益受到国际社会的广泛关注，并得到普遍认同，已被写入联合国安理会和人权理事会决议，成为反映人类共同价值追求、汇聚力量共同创造人类美好生活的最大公约数。这个被第71届联合国大会主席彼得·汤姆森（Peter Thomson）誉为“人类在这个星球上的唯一未来”的伟大方案，深刻回答了世界各国人民最关心的问题“是什么”，以及应该“怎么做”。习近平强调：“大道至简，实干为要。构建人类命运共同体，关键在行动。”从人类命运共同体理念提出之日起，中国就一直在努力推动构建人类命运共同体的实践。中国首先提出“一带一路”倡议，并在共商共建共享原则基础上积极推动“一带一路”国际合作；在与世界各国共同应对新冠肺炎疫情“大考”时，中国倡导并积极践行全球抗疫的人类命运共同体理念；推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。在携手构建人类命运共同体的过程中，我们既要把握历史发展大趋势，看到已经取得的进展，坚定人类命运共同体终将实现的必胜信心，同时也要充分认识到这一实践的长期性、艰巨性和面临的现实挑战。习近平指出：“人类命运共同体是一个美好的目标，也是一个需要一代又一代人接力跑才能实现的目标。”就各国秉持的战略思维和文化价值观的巨大差异而言，构建人类命运共同体还有很大的鸿沟需要跨越；就目前世界正经历百年未有之大变局而言，尽管大趋势是朝向多元、平等、合作方向演变，但其间必定要经历许多无法预知的变化，而这些都将成为构建人类命运共同体必须面对的现实挑战。正确认识这些现实挑战，有利于在危机中育先机，在变局中开新局，使构建人类命运共同体的实践走深、走实，行稳致远。

I. Challenge One: Differences in Strategic Thinking and Cultural Values Among Countries in the World

一、挑战之一：世界各国之间战略思维和文化价值观的差异

The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind was initially proposed as a top-level design of China’s national diplomatic thinking. Judging from the degree of acceptance and recognition of this concept by the international community, it has transcended national boundaries and become a value orientation for the future development of human society. The world today exhibits a trend of political multipolarity. Based on different national conditions and cultural traditions, countries have chosen different political systems and development paths. On January 25, 2021, Xi Jinping delivered a special address at the World Economic Forum’s “Davos Agenda” dialogue, pointing out: “There are no two identical leaves in the world, and no two identical histories, cultures, or social systems. Each country’s history, culture, and social system have their own merits; there is no distinction between high and low, superior and inferior. The key lies in whether they suit the country’s national conditions, whether they can gain the people’s support and endorsement, whether they can bring political stability, social progress, and improvement in people’s livelihoods, and whether they can contribute to the cause of human progress. Differences in history, culture, and social systems among countries have existed since ancient times; they are an inherent attribute of human civilization. Without diversity, there would be no human civilization. Diversity is an objective reality and will exist for a long time.” At the same time, however, we must also see the common value pursuits of humanity embedded within the diversity of world politics and cultures. For example, all countries pursue peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom; people of all countries ardently aspire to a better life. These common pursuits constitute an important prerequisite for the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind to be affirmed and recognized by the international community. Of course, even with these consensuses, building a community with a shared future for mankind still requires bridging the huge gap in national strategic thinking and cultural values.

构建人类命运共同体最初是作为中国国家外交思想的顶层设计提出的。从这一理念被国际社会接受和认可的程度来看，人类命运共同体理念已经超越国界成为人类社会未来发展的价值指向。当今世界政治呈现出多极化趋势。世界各国基于不同的国情和文化传统，选择了不同的政治制度和发展道路。2021年1月25日，习近平在世界经济论坛“达沃斯议程”对话会上发表特别致辞指出：“世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶，也没有完全相同的历史文化和社会制度。各国历史文化和社会制度各有千秋，没有高低优劣之分，关键在于是否符合本国国情，能否获得人民拥护和支持，能否带来政治稳定、社会进步、民生改善，能否为人类进步事业作出贡献。各国历史文化和社会制度差异自古就存在，是人类文明的内在属性。没有多样性，就没有人类文明。多样性是客观现实，将长期存在。”但同时，我们也要看到世界政治多极化、文化多样化存在中蕴含的人类共同价值追求，如世界各国都追求和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由，世界各国人民都对美好生活怀有热切向往，这些共同的追求成为人类命运共同体理念被国际社会肯定和认同的重要前提。当然，即使具备这些共识，构建人类命运共同体依然需要跨越巨大的国家战略思维和文化价值观鸿沟。

First, the understanding of freedom, equality, democracy, etc., among countries in the world is concrete and differentiated, and can even be diametrically opposed due to differences in national systems and ideologies. For example, regarding freedom, the United States has always touted itself as the freest and most democratic country in the world. But the freedom and democracy understood by the United States are vastly different from those understood by the vast majority of developing countries. The freedom understood by the United States is the freedom to dominate the world, the freedom to arbitrarily withdraw from international organizations and tear up agreements, and the freedom to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and export the American-style democratic system. In contrast, the freedom understood by the vast majority of developing countries is the freedom to independently choose their political system, independently choose their own leaders, and independently choose their own development path based on their national conditions. There is no country in the world that opposes common values such as freedom, democracy, equality, and fraternity. What people oppose is merely empty talk based on abstract theories of human nature, and the neo-colonialist practices of some Western countries that, under the guise of “universal values,” forcibly export democracy, cultivate “agents,” and interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.

首先，世界各国对自由、平等、民主等的理解是具体的、有差异的，甚至因彼此国家制度和意识形态的不同而截然对立。比如关于自由，美国一直标榜它是世界上最自由、最民主的国家，但美国理解的自由、民主和绝大多数发展中国家理解的自由、民主差之千里。美国理解的自由是称霸世界的自由，是随意退群、撕毁协议的自由，是干涉别国内政、输出美式民主制度的自由；而绝大多数发展中国家理解的自由是基于本国国情自主选择政治制度、自主选择本国领导人、自主选择本国发展道路的自由。世界上没有哪一个国家会反对自由、民主、平等、博爱这些共同价值。人们反对的只是建立在抽象人性论基础上的空谈，反对西方一些国家以“普世价值”为名强行输出民主、培植“代理人”、干涉他国内政的新殖民主义行径。

Second, different ethnic groups and countries have different logics of thinking and cultural values. Countries in the world will make different strategic judgments based on different logics of thinking, and strategic judgment is the basic basis for a country to formulate its national strategy. In this sense, the logic of thinking has a profound impact on the formulation of national strategy. The United States and other Western countries follow a binary opposition logic of either-or, adhere to zero-sum game thinking, and possess a strong “Manifest Destiny” and “saving the world complex.” In the eyes of American politicians, the world is sharply divided into two: the “free world” represented by the United States and the “evil world” represented by America’s enemies. America’s mission is to eliminate “evil countries,” establish American-style liberal democracy throughout the world, and achieve “Pax Americana” — this is what is called America’s glorious mission. On issues of national interest, the United States has always adhered to a zero-sum logic of win-or-lose, gain-or-loss, believing that win-win, multi-win, and all-win outcomes are fundamentally impossible. This logic of thinking and cultural values determine that when the United States views and handles international issues related to China, it habitually judges China’s intentions by its own standards, misunderstanding and misinterpreting China’s national strategy. As a result, no matter how many times China explains its determination, sincerity, and confidence in pursuing peaceful development and building a community with a shared future for mankind, the United States still goes its own way, regarding China as its biggest strategic rival, and its strategy of containing and checking China has never changed.

其次，不同民族和国家具有不同的思维逻辑与文化价值观。世界各国基于不同的思维逻辑会作出不同的战略判断，而战略判断是一国制定国家战略的基本依据。从这个意义上讲，思维逻辑对国家战略的制定具有深刻影响。美国等西方国家遵循非此即彼的二元对立逻辑，坚持零和博弈思维，且具有强烈的“天定使命观”和“拯救世界情结”。在美国政治家眼里，世界是截然二分的，即以美国为代表的“自由世界”和以美国的敌人为代表的“邪恶世界”。美国的使命就是消灭“邪恶国家”，在全世界建立美式自由民主制度，实现“美国治下的和平”，这就是所谓的美国的光荣使命。在国家利益问题上，美国一直秉持非赢即输、非赚即亏的零和逻辑，认为根本不可能实现双赢、多赢、共赢。这种思维逻辑和文化价值观决定美国在看待和处理与中国相关的国际问题时，习惯以己之心度中国之意，误解、曲解中国的国家战略，以至于不管中国如何反复阐释中国坚持和平发展和构建人类命运共同体的决心、诚心和信心，美国依然我行我素，视中国为其最大的战略对手，防范、遏制中国的战略始终未变。

Finally, differences in strategic thinking lead to communication mismatches. The binary and zero-sum thinking habitual in the United States constitutes a huge obstacle to effective communication between China and the United States. In the United States, there may be factional differences over how to contain China, but the goal of regarding a strong China as the greatest threat and of containing China at all costs is completely unanimous. After Trump came to power, “America First” and “American interests above all” became the baton guiding U.S. national behavior, causing it to frequently “shift the blame,” “act shamelessly,” and “cut off funding” during the global fight against the pandemic. The various manifestations of the United States truly show that “its body has entered the twenty-first century, but its mind is still stuck in the old era of Cold War and zero-sum thinking.” [4]4 This is a paraphrase of a statement by Xi Jinping, criticizing the persistence of Cold War mentalities. Xi Jinping once said: “The Pacific Ocean is vast enough to accommodate the development of both China and the United States.” Yet the actions of the United States prove that it cannot accommodate China, especially an increasingly powerful China. This “incompatibility” is rooted in the outdated Cold War mentality and the logic that a strong country is bound to seek hegemony, which the United States upholds. The United States views China through such tinted glasses, and naturally cannot be objective or fair. Regarding the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind proposed by China, some American elites believe that this is “China wanting to dominate the Asian order, weaken the existing order, and promote the establishment of a security order centered on China,” arguing that the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind reflects China’s ancient “tianxia concept” [5]5 “Tianxia” (天下, “all under heaven”) is a traditional Chinese concept of world order centered on moral and cultural influence, often associated with imperial China’s tributary system. and embodies China’s imperial dream, which is irreconcilable with then-U.S. President Trump’s view of the world order. Regarding the Belt and Road Initiative, an important practical platform for building a community with a shared future for mankind, U.S. media outlets claim that “China’s ‘Belt and Road’ plan is ‘a typical example of a geopolitical event,’ with ambitions far exceeding the Marshall Plan or the EU’s eastward expansion.” In 2018, the authoritative U.S. think tank Center for a New American Security (CNAS) released a report titled “Game of Powers: Responding to China’s ‘Belt and Road’ Strategy,” which argued that “‘the Belt and Road’ ultimately serves China’s ambitions in the economic, diplomatic, and military spheres.” After Biden was elected, he continued Trump’s policy of countering the Belt and Road Initiative. In March and April 2021, Biden successively proposed with British Prime Minister Johnson and Japanese Prime Minister Suga a global infrastructure plan to be led by “democratic countries.” On June 13, 2021, at the closing ceremony of the G7 summit, Biden proposed an initiative called “Build Back Better World” (B3W). This initiative, with the core goal of “assisting middle-income and low-income countries in building infrastructure,” is essentially a substitute for the Belt and Road Initiative. The huge difference in strategic thinking between China and the United States leads to limited willingness and effectiveness in strategic communication between the two sides. This also becomes a huge obstacle to building a community with a shared future for mankind.

最后，战略思维差异导致沟通错位。美国惯有的二元思维、零和思维成为中美两国进行有效沟通的巨大障碍。在美国，如何遏制中国或有派别之分，但视中国强大为最大威胁、定要遏制中国的目标却完全一致。特朗普上台后，“美国优先”“美国利益至上”成为支配美国国家行为的指挥棒，这致使其在全球抗疫过程中频繁“甩锅”“耍赖”“断供”。美国的种种表现真正是“身体已进入二十一世纪，而脑袋还停留在冷战思维、零和博弈的旧时代”。习近平曾说：“太平洋足够大，容得下中美两国发展。”可美国的所作所为证明它是容不下中国的，尤其容不下一个日益强大的中国。这种“不相容”根植于美国秉持的已经过时的冷战思维和国强必霸逻辑。美国戴着这种有色眼镜看待中国，当然不会客观公正。对于中国提出的人类命运共同体理念，美国一些精英认为，这是“中国想要主导亚洲秩序，削弱现有秩序，推动建立以中国为中心的安全秩序”，认为人类命运共同体理念反映出中国古时就有的“天下观念”，体现出中国的帝国梦，与时任美国总统特朗普对世界格局的看法不可调和。对于作为构建人类命运共同体重要实践平台的“一带一路”倡议，美国媒体称，“中国‘一带一路’计划是‘一个典型的地缘政治事件实例’，其雄心远超马歇尔计划或欧盟东扩”。2018年美国权威智库“新美国安全研究中心”（CNAS）发布了一份名为《权力的游戏：应对中国“一带一路”战略》的报告，报告认为“‘一带一路’最终是为中国实现经济、外交和军事领域的野心而服务的”。拜登当选后，在对抗“一带一路”倡议方面延续了特朗普的政策。2021年3、4月间，拜登先后和英国首相约翰逊、日本首相菅义伟提出由“民主国家”牵头施行一个全球基建方案。2021年6月13日，拜登在西方七国集团（G7）峰会闭幕式上提出了一项名为“重建美好世界”（Build Back Better World, 简称B3W）的倡议。这项倡议以“协助中等收入和低收入国家建设基础设施”为核心目标，其实质是替代“一带一路”倡议。中美两国之间战略思维的巨大差异导致双方战略沟通意愿和成效有限。这也成为构建人类命运共同体的巨大障碍。

II. Challenge Two: The Gap in Comprehensive National Strength Among Countries in the World

二、挑战之二：世界各国之间综合实力的差距

The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. On the one hand, with the deepening of the new technological revolution and industrial revolution, interactions between countries are becoming increasingly frequent and close, and the degree of global integration is further deepening; on the other hand, waves of deglobalization and anti-globalization rise one after another, and traditional and non-traditional security issues are intertwined and difficult to separate. It can be said that this era of change is full of contradictions, throwing humanity once again at a crossroads. In understanding the major changes of the century, besides deeply feeling the existence of “contradictions,” people want to ask what exactly is “changing”? What “changes” in this era are of great significance?

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，一方面，随着新科技革命和产业革命的深入推进，世界各国之间的交往日益频繁、密切，全球一体化的程度进一步加深；另一方面，逆全球化、反全球化浪潮此起彼伏，传统安全和非传统安全交织难分。可以说，这个变革的时代充满了矛盾，把人类又一次抛在一个十字路口。对百年大变局的理解，人们除了深刻感受到“矛盾”的存在，更想追问究竟是什么在“变”？这个时代究竟有哪些“变”具有重要意义？

From a broad international perspective, changes in the balance of international forces are profoundly affecting the future direction of the world. The transformation of the global governance landscape and global governance system depends on changes in the balance of international forces. After experiencing the world patterns of “bipolar rivalry” and “one superpower dominating,” the current world pattern is further evolving on the basis of “one superpower and multiple great powers.” In the changes of the world pattern, changes in the world economic pattern are decisive. In recent years, the balance of collective economic power between developing countries and developed countries has undergone significant changes. Generally speaking, the collective economic power of developing countries is rising, while that of developed countries is declining. Calculated by total economic output, the economic aggregate of developing countries now accounts for “half of the world’s total economic output”; calculated by purchasing power parity, the economic aggregate of developing countries has exceeded that of developed countries, and this trend continues. In terms of the driving force for world economic growth, the group of developing countries has become an important engine. In terms of consumer markets, due to the large population size and expanding middle class of developing countries, their contribution to the world consumer market is growing. Meanwhile, the shrinking population size and the “squeezing” of the middle class in developed countries have had a significant impact on their economic growth, social structure, and consumer markets. The change in the balance of collective economic power between developing and developed countries will directly affect the global governance landscape. For example, the growing calls from developing countries to increase their quotas in the International Monetary Fund, to participate in the formulation of international rules, and to reform the existing unjust and unreasonable international order are all changing the marginalized position of developing countries in the existing international system, where they previously had to “take it or leave it.”

从国际大视野来看，国际力量对比的变化正深刻影响世界的未来走向。全球治理格局和全球治理体系的变革取决于国际力量对比的变化。在经历了“两极争霸”“一超独霸”的世界格局之后，当今世界格局正在“一超多强”的基础上进一步发展演变。在世界格局变化中，世界经济格局的变化具有决定性意义。近年来，发展中国家的群体经济力量与发达国家的群体经济力量的对比已经发生了较大变化。总体说来，发展中国家的群体经济力量在提升，发达国家的群体经济力量在下降。按照经济总量计算，发展中国家经济总量已占世界经济总量的“半壁江山”；按照购买力平价计算，发展中国家的经济总量已超过发达国家，并且这一趋势还在继续。从拉动世界经济增长的动力来说，发展中国家群体已经成为拉动世界经济增长的重要动力源。从消费市场看，由于发展中国家庞大的人口规模和不断扩大的中产阶层，发展中国家对世界消费市场的贡献越来越大。而发达国家人口规模的缩小和中产阶层的“被挤压”，对各国的经济增长、社会结构和消费市场都产生了很大影响。发展中国家与发达国家群体经济力量对比的变化，会对全球治理格局产生直接影响。比如，发展中国家要求增加在国际货币基金组织中的份额、要求参与国际规则制定、要求改革现有不公正、不合理的国际秩序的呼声日益高涨，这些都在改变以往发展中国家在既有国际体系中“要么接受、要么走开”的边缘地位。

As the world’s largest developing country, China is increasingly moving toward the center of the world stage as a responsible major country. China is increasingly capable and willing to make positive contributions to changing the unjust and unreasonable international order and to improving the global governance system. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is a global governance plan proposed by China in line with the general trend of world history and with a long-term perspective, and it has an objective practical foundation.

作为世界最大的发展中国家，中国正以负责任大国的姿态日益走近世界舞台中央。中国越来越有能力、有意愿为改变不公正不合理的国际秩序、为完善全球治理体系作出积极贡献。构建人类命运共同体就是中国顺应世界历史大势、着眼长远提出的全球治理方案，具有客观的现实基础。

Although the current balance of international forces is developing in a direction conducive to building a community with a shared future for mankind, this does not mean that a community with a shared future for mankind will be realized naturally. A community with a shared future for mankind is both idealistic and practical, a dialectical unity of inevitability and process. Realizing a community with a shared future for mankind requires joint construction and joint efforts by all countries in the world. Extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits are the basic principles to be followed in building a community with a shared future for mankind. However, the gap in comprehensive national strength among countries in the world creates many practical difficulties in implementing the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. On the one hand, changes in the world economic pattern have not fundamentally changed the status quo of the comprehensive strength comparison between Eastern and Western countries. The strength of a country’s economy is an important manifestation of its comprehensive national power, but not the entirety of it. Comprehensive national power is also reflected in military strength, political and cultural influence, and other aspects. Taking China and the United States as an example, although China’s total economic output has reached 70% of that of the United States, China still lags far behind the United States in terms of per capita national income, development balance, military strength, and political and cultural influence. Therefore, claims such as “China will become the world leader” or “the Chinese century has arrived” are not objective. On the other hand, differences in national strength create practical difficulties in implementing the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. Practicing these principles requires that all countries have equal international status. Only when countries, regardless of size, wealth, or strength, can participate equally in international affairs can we talk about extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. But in reality, differences in comprehensive national strength and strategic relations between major powers determine that small, poor, and weak countries are still in a disadvantaged position in international affairs.

虽然当今世界国际力量对比正在朝着有利于构建人类命运共同体的方向发展，但这并不意味着人类命运共同体会自然而然地实现。人类命运共同体兼具理想性和实践性，是必然性和过程性的辩证统一。实现人类命运共同体需要世界各国携手共建、共同努力。共商共建共享是构建人类命运共同体需要遵循的基本原则。但是世界各国之间综合实力的差距使共商共建共享原则的落实面临许多现实困难。一方面，世界经济格局的变化并没有根本改变东西方国家综合实力对比的现状。一国经济力量的强大是国家综合国力的重要体现，却不是国家综合实力的全部。国家综合实力还体现在军事实力、政治和文化影响力等方面。就中美两国而言，中国经济总量虽然已达到美国的70%，但中国的人均国民收入、发展均衡度、军事实力、政治和文化影响力与美国相比还有不小的差距。因此，所谓的“中国将成为世界领导者”“中国世纪已经到来”等提法是不客观的。另一方面，国家实力之间的差异使得共商共建共享原则的践行面临现实困难。践行共商共建共享原则要求各国具有平等的国际地位。只有国家不分大小、不分贫富、不分强弱，都能平等参与到国际事务中来，才谈得上共商共建共享。但实际上，国家综合实力的差异以及大国之间的战略关系决定了小国、贫国、弱国在国际事务中还处于弱势地位。

III. Challenge Three: Conflicts of Core Interests Among Countries in the World

三、挑战之三：世界各国之间核心利益的冲突

The pursuit of interests is the basic driving force of human activity. Marx once said, “Everything people strive for is related to their interests,” and “The economic relations of any given society are first and foremost manifested as interests.” At the same time, interests determine thought: “Once ‘thought’ leaves ‘interest,’ it will surely make itself look ridiculous.” In this sense, building a community with a shared future for mankind is proposed on the basis of the common interests of humanity. When attending the 70th Session of the UN General Assembly, Xi Jinping pointed out: “Peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom are the common values of all humanity and also the lofty goals of the United Nations.” Maintaining peace and development, ensuring fairness and justice, and defending democracy and freedom are in the common interests of all humanity. The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is put forward precisely to safeguard and realize the common interests of all humanity. Currently, global development faces deficits in governance, trust, peace, and development. To eliminate these deficits, for the sustainable development of humanity, and for the most fundamental common interests of humanity, all countries must join hands to build a community with a shared future.

追逐利益是人类活动的基本动力。马克思曾说，“人们为之奋斗的一切都同他们的利益有关”，“每一既定社会的经济关系首先表现为利益”。同时，利益决定着思想，“‘思想’一旦离开‘利益’，就一定会使自己出丑”。从这个意义上讲，构建人类命运共同体是基于人类共同利益而提出的。习近平在出席第70届联合国大会时指出：“和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由，是全人类的共同价值，也是联合国的崇高目标。”维护和平与发展、保证公平与正义、捍卫民主和自由，符合全人类的共同利益。人类命运共同体理念的提出就是基于维护和实现全人类的共同利益。当前，全球发展面临治理赤字、信任赤字、和平赤字、发展赤字，为了消除这些赤字，为了人类的可持续发展，为了人类最根本的共同利益，人类必须携手共建命运共同体。

The realistic problem that building a community with a shared future for mankind must confront is the conflict between the core interests of states. At present, sovereign states remain the most basic actors in the international community. Each country has its own core interests, and the core interests of different countries are inevitably different, which may lead to certain contradictions and conflicts. For example, China’s core national interests include national sovereignty, national security, territorial integrity, national unification, the stability of the national political system and overall social situation, and the basic guarantee for sustainable economic and social development. The core national interests of the United States, or what it calls its “permanent national interests,” are to maintain global hegemonic status, control key global strategic resources, and retain control over specific strategic regions. The differences in core national interests are caused by multiple factors such as each country’s historical experience, cultural traditions, and institutional demands. On the one hand, no matter how great the conflict between the core interests of states, when the common interests of humanity are threatened, it also means that the core interests of each country are threatened. For instance, peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom are both the common interests of humanity and the national interests of all nation-states. On the other hand, the priority ranking of common human interests within core national interests differs, which causes conflicts between core national interests. For European countries, peace has been basically guaranteed, economic development and social modernization have reached a relatively high level, “post-modern” issues are relatively prominent, and problems such as social justice, immigrants and refugees, national identity, and exchanges and integration among European civilizations have become core concerns. In the United States, the widening gap between rich and poor, the prevalence of ethnocentrism and populism, and increasing social fragmentation have become prominent issues in its domestic political life. In the Middle East and North African countries, security issues are paramount, with sectarian disputes, foreign intervention, and regime change becoming unique regional problems that seriously affect political stability and economic development. In many African countries, the problem of poverty has never been resolved, and state-building also needs further improvement. Some Latin American countries remain mired in the “middle-income trap,” politically “fence-sitting,” and corruption problems are difficult to resolve.

构建人类命运共同体需要面对的现实问题是国家之间核心利益的冲突。当前，主权国家仍是国际社会最基本的行为主体。每个国家都有自己的核心利益，不同国家核心利益必然不同，并可能因此产生一定的矛盾冲突。比如，中国的国家核心利益包括国家主权、国家安全、领土完整、国家统一、国家政治制度和社会大局稳定、经济社会可持续发展的基本保障。美国的国家核心利益，或称之为“永久性国家利益”，就是维持世界霸权地位、掌握全球重要战略资源、保持对特定战略区域的控制力。国家核心利益的不同是由各国历史经验、文化传统、制度诉求等多种因素造成的。一方面，无论国家之间核心利益的冲突有多大，当人类共同利益受到威胁时也即意味着各国的核心利益受到威胁，比如，和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由等既是人类共同利益，也是各民族国家的国家利益。另一方面，人类共同利益在国家核心利益中优先排序不同，这造成了国家核心利益的冲突。对于欧洲国家而言，和平已经基本得到保障，经济发展和社会现代化程度已经达到较高水平，“后现代性”问题相对凸显，社会公正、移民难民、国家认同、欧洲各国文明之间的交流融合等问题成为国家关注的核心问题；在美国国内，贫富差距日益扩大，族群主义、民粹主义盛行，社会日益分裂，这些问题成为其国内政治生活中的突出问题；在中东北非国家，安全问题首当其冲，教派纷争、外国干涉、政权更迭等成为严重影响其政治稳定和经济发展的独特地区性问题；在许多非洲国家，贫困问题始终未得到解决，国家建制也需要进一步完善；拉丁美洲一些国家至今仍深陷“中等收入陷阱”，政治上“骑墙”，腐败问题难获解决。

Acknowledging the differences and conflicts in core national interests should not become an obstacle to building a community with a shared future for mankind. The reason building a community with a shared future for mankind is possible is that, with the deepening of globalization, nation-states have become an interconnected whole. Nation-states must join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind in order to survive and develop better. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is in the common interests of all nation-states. Hedley Bull, a representative of the English School of international relations theory, once proposed that “a group of states are aware that they have certain common interests and values, that they consider themselves bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and that they work together to ensure the functioning of common institutions.” This common interest, common will, and the need to establish common rules are the prerequisites for building a community with a shared future for mankind. Moreover, only when each nation-state develops well can they join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind. In this sense, a community with a shared future for mankind eliminates the external opposition between the community and the nation-state. A community with a shared future for mankind is not a simple collection of nation-states, but a union of nation-states at a higher level.

承认国家核心利益的差异和冲突不应当成为构建人类命运共同体的障碍。构建人类命运共同体之所以可能，是因为随着全球化进程的深入推进，各民族国家已经成为休戚与共的整体，各民族国家必须携手共建人类命运共同体才能更好地生存发展，构建人类命运共同体符合各民族国家的共同利益。国际关系理论中英国学派的代表人物赫德利·布尔（Hedley Bull）曾提出，“一群国家意识到它们具有某些共同利益和价值观念，即它们认为在彼此之间的关系中受到一套共同规则的制约，并且一起确保共同制度的运行”，这种共同利益、共同意愿和建立共同规则的需要是构建人类命运共同体的前提；而且，只有民族国家各自发展好了，才能携手共建人类命运共同体。从这个意义上说，人类命运共同体消除了共同体与民族国家的外在对立，人类命运共同体不是各民族国家的简单集合，而是各民族国家在更高水平上的联合。

IV. Countermeasures: Promoting the Steady and Sustained Practice of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

四、应对策略：推动构建人类命运共同体的实践行稳致远

Building a community with a shared future for mankind is both a major historical trend and full of difficulties and challenges. It is a historical process that combines idealism and realism. At the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting held on December 1, 2017, Xi Jinping emphasized: “Building a community with a shared future for mankind is a historical process that cannot be achieved overnight, nor can it be smooth sailing. It requires long-term and arduous efforts. To build a community with a shared future for mankind, we should persevere and make unremitting efforts. We cannot give up our dreams because of the complexity of reality, nor can we abandon our pursuit because the ideal is distant.” Only when all countries in the world jointly address these realistic challenges can the practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind proceed steadily and sustainably.

构建人类命运共同体既是历史发展大趋势，又充满困难挑战，是一个兼具理想性与现实性的历史过程。习近平在2017年12月1日召开的中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会上强调：“构建人类命运共同体是一个历史过程，不可能一蹴而就，也不可能一帆风顺，需要付出长期艰苦的努力。为了构建人类命运共同体，我们应该锲而不舍、驰而不息进行努力，不能因现实复杂而放弃梦想，也不能因理想遥远而放弃追求。”世界各国唯有共同应对这些现实挑战，才能让构建人类命运共同体的实践行稳致远。

First, tell the story of a community with a shared future for mankind well. Chinese stories are important carriers of Chinese thought and Chinese culture. Judging from the results achieved so far, “storytelling is the best way for international communication.” Telling Chinese stories well is an effective way for the world to understand a true, multi-dimensional, and comprehensive China. It is an important measure to bridge the gap in thinking logic and cultural values between China and the West, and to minimize communication mismatches caused by differences in strategic thinking. To tell the story of a community with a shared future for mankind well, attention should be paid to the following issues.

第一，讲好人类命运共同体的故事。中国故事是中国思想、中国文化的重要载体。从目前已经取得的成效看，“讲故事，是国际传播的最佳方式”。讲好中国故事是让世界了解一个真实、立体、全面的中国的有效方式，是消弭中西方之间的思维逻辑和文化价值观鸿沟，最大程度减少因战略思维差异导致的沟通错位的重要举措。讲好人类命运共同体的故事，需要注意以下几方面的问题。

Attention should be paid to the translation of “a community with a shared future for mankind.” Regarding the translation of the concept of “a community with a shared future for mankind,” the official translation initially commonly adopted “a community of common destiny.” In addition, “a community of shared destiny” and “a community of shared future” were also common translations. Since the Chinese word “命运” (mingyun) directly corresponds to the English word “destiny,” meaning something that is destined to happen or a supernatural force that determines future events, such as “fate” or “ultimate destiny,” the translations “a community of common destiny” and “a community of shared destiny” cannot accurately convey the original intention and

要注意“人类命运共同体”的翻译问题。关于“人类命运共同体理念”的翻译表达，最初官方普遍采用“a community of common destiny”这种译法，此外，“a community of shared destiny”“a community of shared future”这两种译法也较常见。由于中文“命运”一词直接与英文“destiny”一词相对应，意思是注定要发生的事情或者是“天命”“终极命运”等决定人们未来发生之事的超自然力量，所以“a community of common destiny”“a community of shared destiny”这两种翻译方式都不能准确表达习近平提出人类命运共同体理念的初衷和含义。后来，结合英语母语国家的用语习惯及其官方文件，“人类命运共同体”概念采用了“a community of shared future for mankind”的译法，这种译法比较恰当地表达了人类秉持共商共建共享原则，共创美好未来的含义。由此可见，语言翻译在中西方文化交流互鉴中扮演着重要角色。要重视有关中国方案、中国倡议的一些重要概念的翻译。在概念形成和传播初期就要严格以信、达、雅的要求进行翻译介绍，少一些生硬、随意的直接翻译，多一些体现灵魂和精髓的深度、准确翻译。

We must innovate the methods and means of telling the story of a community with a shared future for mankind well. The main purpose of storytelling is to convince people with facts, move people with images, touch people with emotions, and influence people with reason. To achieve this effect, it is necessary to combine "stating the facts" with "explaining the principles," achieving a fusion of emotion and reason. By actively speaking out, carefully setting agendas, and organizing diverse story carriers, we can disseminate China's stories abroad. Full consideration must be given to the cultural backgrounds, historical traditions, and customs of foreign audiences, emphasizing the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures, combining "telling it ourselves" with "having others tell it," so that China's stories are understood, recognized, and resonate emotionally with more foreign audiences. On the technical level, we must make full use of modern digital information technology, concentrate superior resources, and strive to build converged media centers and flagship external propaganda media with strong communication capabilities; in terms of communication methods and channels, we must employ a "combined punch" of public diplomacy, "making good use of the press release mechanism, making good use of high-end think tank exchange channels, making good use of major events and important festivals, exhibitions, and competitions platforms, making good use of traditional Chinese festival carriers, making good use of overseas cultural positions, and making good use of diverse cultural forms,"[6]6 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the 30th Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee," December 30, 2015. broadening channels for cultural dissemination and exchange, so that the world can better understand Chinese culture and the Chinese thought and Chinese wisdom embodied in a community with a shared future for mankind.

要创新讲好人类命运共同体故事的方式方法。讲故事的主要目的是要用事实说服人，用形象打动人，用情感感染人，用道理影响人，而要达到这个效果，需要把“陈情”和“说理”结合起来，做到情理交融。通过主动发声、精心设置议题、组织多样化故事载体，把中国故事传扬出去。要充分考虑国外受众的文化背景、历史传统、风俗习惯，注重中外文化融通，把“自己讲”和“别人讲”结合起来，使中国故事为更多国外受众所理解、认同并形成情感共鸣。在技术层面上，要充分利用现代数字信息技术，集中优势资源，着力打造具有较强传播能力的融媒体中心和外宣旗舰媒体；在传播方式和传播渠道上，要打好公共外交“组合拳”，“用好新闻发布机制，用好高端智库交流渠道，用好重大活动和重要节展赛事平台，用好中华传统节日载体，用好海外文化阵地，用好多种文化形式”，拓宽文化传播交流渠道，更好地让世界了解中国文化，了解人类命运共同体蕴含的中国思想和中国智慧。

We must strengthen the construction of discourse power for telling the story of a community with a shared future for mankind well. Discourse power reflects a country's initiative in the international arena. Currently, the international public opinion landscape remains one of the West being strong and us being weak. The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is a concept, proposition, and plan that embodies China's stance, wisdom, and values. To "make it the source for the world to tell China's story and the symbol for understanding China,"[7]7 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the 30th Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee," December 30, 2015. it is necessary to clearly explain the thought behind the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and the "Way" (dao) it contains. Infuse the "Way" into storytelling, guide people into the "Way" through engaging methods, and let people comprehend the "Way" through patient persuasion. Telling the story of a community with a shared future for mankind means using Chinese theory to interpret Chinese practice, using Chinese practice to elevate Chinese theory, more vividly presenting Chinese thought, more resoundingly clarifying Chinese propositions, and enhancing the creativity, appeal, and credibility of China's external discourse.

要加强讲好人类命运共同体故事的话语权建设。话语权体现了一个国家在国际上的主动权。当前，国际舆论格局依然是西强我弱。人类命运共同体理念是体现中国立场、中国智慧、中国价值的理念、主张和方案，要“使其成为世界表达中国故事的源头、读懂中国的标识”，需要讲清楚人类命运共同体理念背后的思想，讲清楚其中蕴含的“道”。把“道”贯通于讲故事之中，通过引人入胜的方式启人入“道”，通过循循善诱的方式让人悟“道”。讲述人类命运共同体的故事就是要用中国理论阐释中国实践，用中国实践升华中国理论，更加鲜明地展现中国思想，更加响亮地阐明中国主张，增强对外话语的创造力、感召力、公信力。

Second, the international community must fulfill its commitment to safeguard the legitimate development rights, interests, and development space of developing countries. The growth in strength of developing countries is the prerequisite and foundation for them to have more discourse power, rule-making power, and decision-making power in international affairs. On January 25, 2021, Xi Jinping emphasized at the World Economic Forum's "Davos Agenda" dialogue that the international community should take a long-term perspective, fulfill its commitments, provide necessary support for the development of developing countries, safeguard their legitimate development rights and interests, promote equality in rights, opportunities, and rules, and allow people of all countries to share development opportunities and achievements. On this basis, the international community should enhance the development capabilities of all countries. Although development ultimately depends on each country's own efforts and formulating development strategies suited to its national conditions, the international community must also "help developing countries strengthen capacity building, providing targeted support and assistance based on their actual needs"; the international community also bears the responsibility for improving the international development environment, such as creating a favorable external institutional environment, "international financial institutions should accelerate governance reform, and multilateral development agencies should increase development resources"; the international community needs to commit to optimizing development partnerships, "developed countries should fulfill their commitments and obligations in a timely manner, the international community should adhere to the primary channel status of North-South cooperation, deepen South-South cooperation and trilateral cooperation, and support the private sector and other stakeholders in playing a greater role in partnerships."

第二，国际社会要落实维护发展中国家正当发展权益和发展空间的承诺。发展中国家力量的壮大，是发展中国家在国际社会拥有更多话语权、规则制定权、事务裁定权的前提和基础。2021年1月25日，习近平在世界经济论坛“达沃斯议程”对话会上强调，国际社会应该着眼长远、落实承诺，为发展中国家发展提供必要支持，保障发展中国家正当发展权益，促进权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，让各国人民共享发展机遇和成果。在这个基础上，国际社会要增强各国发展能力。虽然发展归根到底要靠各国自身努力，要制定适合本国国情的发展战略，但是国际社会也要“帮助发展中国家加强能力建设，根据他们的实际需求，有针对性地提供支持和帮助”；国际社会还负有改善国际发展环境的责任，比如要创造良好的外部制度环境，“国际金融机构要加快治理改革，多边开发机构要增加发展资源”；国际社会需要致力于优化发展伙伴关系，“发达国家应该及时兑现承诺、履行义务，国际社会应该坚持南北合作主渠道地位，深化南南合作和三方合作，支持私营部门等利益攸关方在伙伴关系中发挥更大作用”。

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused many developing countries to face debt risks. This risk has increased the burden on developing countries, making their economic recovery slow and weak, thereby significantly affecting the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement. To address the debt crisis of 27 emerging market economies and 9 least developed countries, UN Secretary-General António Guterres released a policy brief on March 29, 2021, titled "Liquidity and Debt Solutions to Invest in the Sustainable Development Goals: Taking Action Now." In this brief, Guterres proposed a three-phase recommendation: debt service suspension, targeted debt relief, and reform of the international debt architecture. He hopes that through this three-phase recommendation, developing countries can obtain the necessary additional liquidity support from the international community to better respond to the pandemic, promote economic recovery, and ensure the timely achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内的发生，导致许多发展中国家面临债务风险。这种风险加重了发展中国家的负担，使发展中国家的经济复苏变得缓慢、乏力，进而大大影响联合国2030年可持续发展议程和《巴黎协定》的落实。为了解决27个新兴市场经济体和9个最不发达国家的债务危机，联合国秘书长古特雷斯于2021年3月29日发布了一份题为《投资可持续发展目标的流动性与债务解决方案：立即行动》的政策简报。在这份简报中，古特雷斯提出了一个三阶段建议，即延缓债务偿还、有针对性的债务减免和改革国际债务结构。他希望通过这个三阶段的建议，使发展中国家从国际社会获得必需的、额外的流动性支持，以更好地应对疫情，推动经济复苏，保证如期实现可持续发展目标。

Third, adhere to multilateralism and continue to promote regional cooperation. "The essence of multilateralism is that international affairs are discussed and decided by all countries together, and the future and destiny of the world are in the hands of all countries,"[8]8 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2021," April 20, 2021. "Multilateralism in the 21st century should uphold what is right and break new ground, be future-oriented. It should not only adhere to the core values and basic principles of multilateralism but also, based on changes in the world landscape and the need to address global challenges, reform and improve the global governance system on the basis of extensive consultation and consensus building."[9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the World Economic Forum 'Davos Agenda' Dialogue," January 25, 2021. The growth and development of developing countries is an important factor in pushing the world to overcome unilateralism and unipolarity and move towards multilateralism and multipolarity. Only when the comprehensive strength of developing countries is enhanced can the democratization of international relations be advanced, multilateralism be implemented in practice, and global good governance be achieved. At the same time, multilateral cooperation among developing countries will not only promote their own development but also, to a certain extent, counterbalance the wave of anti-globalization. The occurrence and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated global turmoil, ethnic conflicts, and national antagonism, with protectionism subsequently rising and the trend of de-globalization further manifesting. To counter this trend of de-globalization, in November 2020, three major multilateral diplomatic events were held intensively: the 12th BRICS Summit, the 27th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, and the 15th G20 Leaders' Summit. The 15 countries of ASEAN, China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, and Australia formally signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), marking the formal conclusion of the world's largest free trade agreement. The signing of RCEP consolidated China's credibility as a defender of global multilateralism. The global pandemic of COVID-19 is an unprecedented severe challenge faced by human society in peacetime since modern times. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the evolution of changes unseen in a century in the world, thereby generating a greater demand for multilateral cooperation. In the face of the global "major test" of the pandemic, China advocates and practices multilateralism, actively promoting international cooperation on COVID-19 vaccines. The "positive energy" that China exports to the world has strengthened the confidence of all countries in uniting and cooperating to overcome the pandemic.

第三，坚持多边主义，继续推动区域合作。“多边主义的要义是国际上的事由大家共同商量着办，世界前途命运由各国共同掌握”，“21世纪的多边主义要守正出新、面向未来，既要坚持多边主义的核心价值和基本原则，也要立足世界格局变化，着眼应对全球性挑战需要，在广泛协商、凝聚共识基础上改革和完善全球治理体系”。发展中国家的发展壮大，是推动世界克服单边、单极，朝向多边、多极化方向发展的重要因素。只有发展中国家的综合实力增强了，才能推进国际关系民主化，才能把多边主义落到实处，才能实现全球善治。同时，发展中国家之间的多边合作，不仅将促进发展中国家的发展，也将在一定程度上对冲逆全球化浪潮。新冠肺炎病情的发生和蔓延加剧了全球动荡、民族矛盾和国家对立，保护主义随之抬头，去全球化趋势进一步显现。为了冲抵这股去全球化潮流，2020年11月，金砖国家领导人第十二次会晤、亚太经合组织第二十七次领导人非正式会议、二十国集团领导人第十五次峰会三场重大多边外交活动密集举行。东盟10国、中国、日本、韩国、新西兰、澳大利亚15个国家，正式签署区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP），标志着全球规模最大的自由贸易协定正式达成。RCEP的签署巩固了中国作为全球多边主义捍卫者的信誉。新冠肺炎疫情的全球大流行，是近代以来人类社会在和平时期所遭遇的前所未有的严峻挑战。新冠肺炎疫情推动了世界百年未有之大变局的加速演进，也由此产生了对多边合作的更大需求。在全球疫情“大考”面前，中国倡导并践行多边主义，积极推动新冠肺炎疫苗国际合作。中国向世界输出的“正能量”，坚定了各国团结合作、战胜疫情的信心。

Fourth, advocate that the international community jointly explore the practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order. In response to the different core national interests of various countries in the world, first, we must uphold an attitude of respect and understanding, respecting the different interest concerns formed by countries based on different historical experiences, cultural traditions, and institutional demands. On the premise of mutual respect and understanding, we should strengthen communication and dialogue, seek common ground while reserving differences, form relevant consensus on reforming and improving international rules and the international governance system, and work together toward the goal of achieving global good governance. Second, we should use all important international organizations and major international occasions to expound the core connotation and world significance of a community with a shared future for mankind, and clarify the necessity and inevitability of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Building a community with a shared future for mankind conforms to the core interests of all nations and countries; in other words, only by building a community with a shared future for mankind can we better safeguard and realize the core interests of all countries in the world. Third, we should advocate that the international community jointly explore the practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind, turning the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind into concrete actions, so that all countries in the world join the common cause of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Finally, safeguarding the core interests of all countries in the world, especially developing countries, cannot rely solely on appeals and entreaties, but must substantively promote the development of the international political and economic order in a just and reasonable direction. Only by establishing a just and reasonable new international political and economic order can we effectively ensure that the core interests of developing countries are not infringed upon, and safeguard their legitimate rights and reasonable space for development. In addition, strengthening the unity, cooperation, and joint action of developing countries, and adopting a "huddling together for warmth" approach to jointly strive for the right to formulate major international rules, is also an effective way to respond to the challenges of Western powers and the infringement of the core interests of small and weak countries.

第四，倡导国际社会共同探索构建人类命运共同体的实践，推动建立国际政治经济新秩序。针对世界各国不同的国家核心利益，首先，要秉持尊重、理解的态度，尊重各国基于不同历史经验、文化传统、制度诉求等形成的不同利益关切。在互相尊重和理解的前提下，加强沟通与对话，求同存异，形成关于改革完善国际规则和国际治理体系的相关共识，共同朝着实现全球善治的目标努力。其次，要利用一切重要国际组织、重大国际场合阐述人类命运共同体的核心内涵和世界意义，阐明构建人类命运共同体的必要性和必然性。构建人类命运共同体符合各民族国家的核心利益，换言之，只有构建人类命运共同体，才能更好地维护和实现世界各国的核心利益。再次，要倡导国际社会共同探索构建人类命运共同体的实践，把构建人类命运共同体从理念变为实实在在的行动，让世界各国都加入到构建人类命运共同体的共同事业中来。最后，维护世界各国尤其是发展中国家的核心利益，不能仅靠呼吁、恳求，而要实实在在推动国际政治经济秩序朝着公正合理的方向发展。只有建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，才能切实保障发展中国家的核心利益不受侵犯，才能维护其发展的正当权益和合理空间。此外，加强发展中国家的团结合作与联合行动，以“抱团取暖”的方式共同争取重大国际规则的制定权，也是应对西方强国挑战、侵犯弱小国家核心利益的有效方式。

In short, regardless of the differences in strategic thinking and cultural values between countries, the gaps in comprehensive national strength between countries, or the differences in core national interests between countries, when the fundamental interests of human survival and security, peace and development are threatened, all national interests should and must give way to the common interests of mankind. This is not an expedient measure, but an inevitable choice for human survival and development. At present, the global COVID-19 pandemic continues. Faced with this "life-and-death" test, countries around the world should overcome calculations of national interests, political strategic considerations, and ideological prejudices, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind. This is the only choice concerning human survival and sustainable development.

总之，不管国家之间的战略思维和文化价值观有何差异，国家之间的综合实力有何差距，国家之间的核心利益有何差别，当人类生存与安全、和平与发展的根本利益受到威胁时，所有的国家利益都应该也必须让位于人类共同利益，这不是一个权宜之计，而是人类生存发展的必然选择。当前，全球新冠肺炎疫情仍在持续，在这场“生死攸关”的大考面前，世界各国理应克服国家利益算计、政治战略考量和意识形态偏见，携手共建人类命运共同体，这是关乎人类生存和可持续发展的唯一选择。

(The author is a professor at the School of Marxism, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and a researcher at the Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院教授，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心