Steadily Advancing Common Prosperity through High-Quality Development

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee has placed the gradual achievement of common prosperity for all the people in a more important position, adopted forceful measures to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, won the battle against poverty, and completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, thereby creating favorable conditions for promoting common prosperity. China has entered a new stage of development in which it is building a modern socialist country in all respects and marching toward the second centenary goal [1]1 The second centenary goal refers to building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century (the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049).. High-quality development and the advancement of common prosperity are highly consistent internally. In the new stage of development, common prosperity must be steadily advanced through high-quality development.

党的十八大以来，党中央把逐步实现全体人民共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置上，采取有力措施保障和改善民生，打赢脱贫攻坚战，全面建成小康社会，为促进共同富裕创造了良好条件。我国已经进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新发展阶段，高质量发展和推进共同富裕具有高度的内在一致性，新发展阶段，必须在高质量发展中扎实推进共同富裕。

Common prosperity is an inherent requirement of high-quality development

共同富裕是高质量发展的内在要求

The 19th National Congress of the CPC proposed that China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. Compared with high-speed growth, which focuses on solving aggregate problems, high-quality development places greater emphasis on solving structural problems. From the perspective of the purpose and connotation of high-quality development, advancing common prosperity is an inherent requirement of high-quality development.

党的十九大提出，我国经济由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。相比于高速增长重视解决总量问题，高质量发展更加重视解决结构问题。从高质量发展的目的及内涵来看，推进共同富裕是高质量发展的内在要求。

Common prosperity is the fundamental purpose of high-quality development. At present, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The people’s demands are more often expressed as a pursuit of high-quality development. High-quality development, in plain terms, means shifting from “whether there is something” to “whether it is good.” It not only requires meeting the people’s material, ecological, cultural-ethical, social, and political needs, but also, by solving problems such as the urban-rural gap, regional disparities, and income gaps, enhancing the balance, coordination, and inclusiveness of development. Advancing high-quality development ultimately aims to achieve common prosperity. Advancing common prosperity is the fundamental purpose of high-quality development.

共同富裕是高质量发展的根本目的。当前我国社会主要矛盾已经转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，人民的诉求更多表现为对高质量发展的追求。高质量发展，通俗地说，就是从“有没有”转向“好不好”，不仅需要满足人民对物质、生态、精神、社会和政治等方面的需求，更要通过解决城乡差距、地区差距和收入差距等问题，增强发展的平衡性、协调性和包容性，推进高质量发展，最终实现共同富裕，推进共同富裕是高质量发展的根本目的。

Common prosperity is an important component of high-quality development. High-quality development is “development that can well meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, development that embodies the new development philosophy, development in which innovation becomes the primary driving force, coordination becomes an endogenous characteristic, green becomes a universal form, openness becomes the only path, and sharing becomes the fundamental goal.” [2]2 This is a direct quotation from the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC (2017). Realizing shared development emphasizes upholding the principal position of the people; the broad masses of the people are both the creators of achievements and the beneficiaries of outcomes. Upholding shared development means achieving sharing by all the people, comprehensive sharing, co-construction and sharing, and gradual sharing, narrowing income distribution gaps, promoting social fairness and justice, and enabling all the people to enjoy the fruits of reform and development. Comprehensive sharing means coordinating the advancement of economic, political, social, cultural, and ecological progress, ensuring that development in all areas is mutually coordinated, and comprehensively safeguarding the people’s legitimate rights and interests in all aspects. Co-construction and sharing means pooling the people’s wisdom, stimulating the people’s strength, and forming a vibrant situation in which everyone participates and all the people co-construct. Gradual sharing means that realizing shared development is a gradual process from low level to high level, from imbalance to balance. Realizing shared development is a long-term and arduous task that requires the sustained and joint efforts of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.

共同富裕是高质量发展的重要内容。高质量发展是“能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展”。实现共享发展，强调坚持人民主体地位，广大人民既是成就的创造者，也是成果的享受者。坚持共享发展就是要实现全民共享、全面共享、共建共享和渐进共享，缩小收入分配差距，促进社会公平正义，让全体人民都能享受到改革发展的成果。全面共享就是要统筹推进经济建设、政治建设、社会建设、文化建设和生态文明建设，使各方面发展相互协调，全面保障人民各方面的合法权益和利益。共建共享就是要汇聚民智、激发民力，形成人人参与、全民共建的生动局面。渐进共享是指实现共享发展是一个从低级到高级、从不均衡到均衡的渐进过程。实现共享发展任重道远，需要全党全国各族人民的持续共同努力。

High-quality development is the solid foundation of common prosperity

高质量发展是共同富裕的牢固基石

Common prosperity has distinct characteristics of the times. It is a state in which all the people, through hard work and mutual assistance, generally achieve a life of affluence and abundance, cultural-ethical self-confidence and self-reliance, a livable and work-friendly environment, social harmony and amity, and universal and inclusive public services, realizing the well-rounded development of the individual and the overall progress of society, and sharing the fruits of reform and development and a happy and beautiful life. To steadily advance common prosperity, it is necessary to “divide the cake well” on the basis of “making the cake bigger.” High-quality development can achieve the unity of efficiency and fairness, continuously exerting effort in both “making the cake bigger” and “dividing the cake well,” and steadily advancing common prosperity.

共同富裕具有鲜明的时代特征，是全体人民通过辛勤劳动和相互帮助，普遍达到生活富裕富足、精神自信自强、环境宜居宜业、社会和谐和睦、公共服务普及普惠，实现人的全面发展和社会全面进步，共享改革发展成果和幸福美好生活的状态。扎实推进共同富裕，要在“做大蛋糕”的基础上“分好蛋糕”。高质量发展可以实现效率与公平的统一，能够在“做大蛋糕”和“分好蛋糕”两方面持续发力，扎实推进共同富裕。

Achieving high-quality development can further “make the cake bigger.” Productive forces are the most active and revolutionary factor driving social progress. Productive forces determine the relations of production, and the economic base determines the superstructure. Only on the basis of economic development can common prosperity be achieved. Achieving high-quality development, from the supply side, manifests as a more complete industrial system, networked and intelligent modes of production organization, and continuously improving product and service quality; from the demand side, it manifests as continuously meeting the people’s personalized and diversified upgrading needs; from the input-output perspective, it means continuously raising labor productivity and resource utilization efficiency, continuously increasing the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, and continuously improving total factor productivity; from the perspective of the macroeconomic cycle, it realizes the smooth circulation of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, with relatively reasonable major proportions and spatial layout of the national economy, and relatively stable economic development without major fluctuations. These characteristics indicate that by achieving high-quality development, China’s modern economic system will become more systematic and complete, and its international competitiveness will be further enhanced, thereby laying a solid material foundation for advancing common prosperity.

实现高质量发展可以进一步“做大蛋糕”。生产力是推动社会进步最活跃、最革命的要素。生产力决定生产关系，经济基础决定上层建筑，只有在经济发展的基础上才能实现共同富裕。实现高质量发展，从供给看，表现为产业体系更加完整，生产组织方式实现网络化智能化，产品和服务质量不断提高；从需求看，表现为不断满足人民群众个性化、多样化的升级需求；从投入产出看，意味着不断提高劳动生产率和资源利用效率，不断提升科技进步贡献率，不断提高全要素生产率；从宏观经济循环看，实现了生产、流通、分配、消费各环节的循环畅通，国民经济重大比例关系和空间布局比较合理，经济发展比较平稳，不出现大的起落。这些特征表明，实现高质量发展，我国的现代化经济体系将更加系统完备、国际竞争力进一步增强，从而为推进共同富裕打下坚实物质基础。

Achieving high-quality development helps to “divide the cake well.” Common prosperity is not the prosperity of a few people, nor is it uniform egalitarianism. Achieving common prosperity requires, on the basis of “making the cake bigger,” forming a reasonable distribution pattern enjoyed by everyone, safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood, promoting social fairness, and realizing the unity of efficiency and fairness, development and sharing. Achieving high-quality development requires that investment yields returns, enterprises make profits, employees have income, and the government collects taxes, fully reflecting each party’s contribution as evaluated by the market. By combining distribution according to work with distribution according to factors of production, the income distribution system is improved and income distribution gaps are narrowed. Advancing high-quality development requires narrowing the urban-rural development gap through implementing the rural revitalization strategy and narrowing the regional development gap through implementing the regional coordinated development strategy. In short, high-quality development helps to effectively advance common prosperity by “dividing the cake well.”

实现高质量发展有助于“分好蛋糕”。共同富裕不是少数人的富裕，也不是整齐划一的平均主义。实现共同富裕，要求在“做大蛋糕”的基础上，通过形成人人享有的合理分配格局以及保障和改善民生，促进社会公平，实现效率与公平、发展与共享的统一。实现高质量发展，要求实现投资有回报、企业有利润、员工有收入、政府有税收，并且充分反映各自按市场评价的贡献，通过按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合，完善收入分配制度，缩小收入分配差距。推进高质量发展，要求通过实施乡村振兴战略缩小城乡发展差距，通过实施区域协调发展战略缩小区域发展差距。总之，高质量发展有助于通过“分好蛋糕”，切实推进共同富裕。

Advancing common prosperity through high-quality development

以高质量发展推进共同富裕

To achieve common prosperity in the process of promoting high-quality development, reform and innovation must be taken as the fundamental driving force, and solving regional disparities, the urban-rural gap, and income gaps must be taken as the main direction of attack, doing everything within our capacity and acting according to our capabilities. The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 points out that by 2035, more substantial and tangible progress will be made in achieving common prosperity for all the people; the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC emphasizes that by 2050, common prosperity for all the people will be basically realized. To achieve these goals, common prosperity must be steadily advanced through high-quality development.

在促进高质量发展中实现共同富裕，要以改革创新为根本动力，以解决地区差距、城乡差距、收入差距为主攻方向，尽力而为、量力而行。“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要指出，到2035年全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质进展；党的十九大报告强调，到2050年全体人民共同富裕基本实现。要实现这些目标，就必须通过高质量发展扎实推进共同富裕。

Improve the quality and efficiency of development, and consolidate the material foundation of common prosperity. Take supply-side structural reform as the main line, focus economic work on the real economy, improve the quality of supply, and build a modern economic system. Accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing, cultivate new growth points in areas such as mid-to-high-end consumption and the sharing economy, and promote the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries. Enhance the efficiency of the economic cycle, link up the links of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, build a new pattern of development, firmly grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, and form a higher-level dynamic balance in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand. Strengthen the capacity for independent innovation, deepen the reform of the science and technology system, and establish a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, the market as the orientation, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research.

提高发展的质量和效益，夯实共同富裕的物质基础。以供给侧结构性改革为主线，把经济工作的着力点放在实体经济上，提高供给质量，建设现代化经济体系。加快发展先进制造业，在中高端消费、共享经济等领域培育新的增长点，推动传统产业优化升级。提升经济循环的效率，贯通生产、分配、流通、消费各个环节，构建新发展格局，扭住扩大内需这个战略基点，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡。加强自主创新能力建设，深化科技体制改革，建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的技术创新体系。

Uphold and improve the basic economic system, and properly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The basic socialist economic systems, including the public ownership as the mainstay with diverse forms of ownership developing side by side, distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple forms of distribution coexisting, and the socialist market economy system, both reflect the superiority of the socialist system and are compatible with the level of development of the social productive forces in the primary stage of socialism in China. They are a great creation of the Party and the people. It is necessary to uphold and improve the basic economic system, correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and adhere to the “two unswervinglys” [3]3 The “two unswervinglys” (两个毫不动摇) refer to the policy of unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector., in order to truly and steadily advance common prosperity. Promote a better combination of an effective market and a well-functioning government, and stimulate the vitality of various types of market entities. Improve the income distribution system, combine distribution according to work with distribution according to factors of production, establish and improve the regulatory mechanism of primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, and promote social fairness and justice.

坚持和完善基本经济制度，处理好效率与公平的关系。公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，社会主义市场经济体制等社会主义基本经济制度，既体现了社会主义制度优越性，又同我国社会主义初级阶段社会生产力发展水平相适应，是党和人民的伟大创造。必须坚持和完善基本经济制度，正确处理效率和公平的关系，坚持“两个毫不动摇”，才能真正扎实推进共同富裕。推动有效市场和有为政府的更好结合，激发各类市场主体活力。完善收入分配制度，把按劳分配和按生产要素分配结合起来，建立健全初次分配、再分配、三次分配的调节机制，缩小贫富差距，促进社会公平正义。

Achieving high-quality sharing of basic public services, continuously narrowing the gap in urban-rural and regional development. The gap in urban-rural and regional development is manifested not only in the disparity in economic development levels but also in the disparity in the supply level of basic public services. To achieve high-quality development and enhance the balance, coordination, and inclusiveness of development, it is necessary to achieve high-quality sharing of basic public services. It is necessary to achieve equalization of basic public services, tilting toward rural and remote areas in basic livelihood issues such as compulsory education, elderly care services, health care, and housing security. Advance people-centered new-type urbanization, and improve the long-term mechanism for granting urban residency to rural migrant populations. Improve the social security system, refine the multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, promote higher-level coordination of basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury insurance, and improve the social assistance system that is tiered, categorized, and coordinated between urban and rural areas.

实现基本公共服务优质共享，不断缩小城乡、区域发展差距。城乡、区域发展差距不仅表现为经济发展水平的差距，还表现为基本公共服务供给水平的差距。实现高质量发展，增强发展的平衡性、协调性和包容性，必须实现基本公共服务的优质共享。要实现基本公共服务均等化，在义务教育、养老服务、卫生保健、住房保障等基本民生问题上向乡村和偏远地区倾斜。推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，健全农业转移人口市民化长效机制。完善社会保障制度，健全多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，推动基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险更高层次统筹，完善分层分类、城乡统筹的社会救助体系。

Creating an ecologically livable environment and enriching the people’s cultural-ethical life. Common prosperity is not only material prosperity but also cultural-ethical prosperity. Guided by the core socialist values, strengthen education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, and foster a cultural atmosphere of prosperity through hard work and common prosperity. It is necessary to thoroughly implement cultural projects that benefit the people, achieving equalization of basic public cultural services. At the same time, vigorously advance the construction of an ecological civilization, build a beautiful China, and realize the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. Strengthen territorial spatial planning and use control, adhere to the principles of farmland protection and economical land use, and severely crack down on acts that pollute the environment and damage ecosystems during the development process, achieving green development. Promote waste sorting, advocate a simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized, and healthy lifestyle, and create an ecologically livable living environment for the people.

打造生态宜居环境，丰富人民群众精神生活。共同富裕不仅是物质富裕，而且是精神富裕。要以社会主义核心价值观为引导，加强爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，形成勤劳致富、共同富裕的文化氛围。要深入实施文化惠民工程，实现基本公共文化服务均等化。同时，大力推进生态文明建设，建设美丽中国，实现人与自然和谐共生。强化国土空间规划和用途管控，坚持耕地保护和节约用地原则，严厉打击在发展过程中污染环境、破坏生态的行为，实现绿色发展。推进垃圾分类，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式，为人民群众打造生态宜居的生活环境。

(Authors: Shi Hong and Cheng Jing, respectively a researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era of the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC [National Academy of Governance] and a doctoral student at the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC [National Academy of Governance])

（作者：施红、程静，分别系中央党校〔国家行政学院〕习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、中央党校〔国家行政学院〕博士研究生）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心