The Enlightenment of Marx’s Humanist Theory on China’s Rural Health Poverty Alleviation

Since the founding of New China, in just a few decades the number of people lifted out of poverty has far exceeded the total population of the United States, Russia, Japan, and Germany combined, composing a “Chinese miracle” in the history of world poverty reduction. Taking Marx’s humanist theory as the entry point, and combining it with the poverty alleviation experience of the Communist Party of China, we scientifically grasp the inherent laws of poverty alleviation work. The enlightenment obtained from the great significance of China’s battle against rural health poverty under the guidance of Marx’s humanist theory has not only great theoretical significance but also great practical significance for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

新中国自成立起，短短几十年间脱贫人数已经远远超过美国、俄国、日本、德国4个国家人口的总和，在世界减贫史上谱写了“中国奇迹”。以马克思主义的人本理论作为切入点，结合中国共产党的扶贫经验，对扶贫工作具有的内在规律进行科学把握，我国在马克思人本理论指导下对农村健康脱贫攻坚战的重要意义中获得启示，对实现中华民族伟大复兴不仅具有重大的理论意义，更具有重大的实践意义。

I. Marx’s Humanist Theory

一、马克思主义的人本理论

(I) The Essence of the Human Being

（一）人的本质

Regarding the question of the essence of the human being, Marx mainly expounds it from the aspects of its species-essence and its actual essence. On the one hand, in Marx’s thought, the species-essence of the human being mainly refers to its free, conscious activity, i.e., labor. In labor, human beings form various species-characteristics, which are also the most fundamental distinction between human beings and animals, and are an important foundation and driving force for human survival and development. Among these, labor creates humanity and is the external form through which human beings realize self-expression and self-affirmation. The subject status of human beings and the species-essence of the human being are both established on the basis of labor. Therefore, the species-essence of the human being is labor. On the other hand, Marxism examines real, actually existing human beings. Marx believes that what is called the essence of the human being is not an abstraction inherent in the single individual, but the sum total of all social relations. Therefore, human beings cannot exist separately from society at any time. For humanity, its essence is inseparable from the social essence. What is called the social essence is the various social relations formed by human beings in society. Therefore, the actual essence of the human being is its social relations, which change with changes in social productive forces.

对于人的本质问题，马克思主要从其类本质方面和现实本质方面进行阐述。一方面，在马克思的思想中，人的类本质主要指其自由自觉的活动，也就是劳动。人在劳动中会形成各种类特性，这也是人和动物最根本的区别，是人类生存和发展的重要基础和动力。其中，劳动创造人类，是人类实现自我表现以及自我肯定的外在形式。人的主体地位以及人的类本质都是建立在劳动的基础上。因此，人的类本质便是劳动。另一方面，马克思主义考察的是现实中真实存在的人。马克思认为，所谓人的本质，并非指的是单个人固有的抽象物，而是所有社会关系的总和。因此，人在任何时候都无法脱离社会而单独存在，对人类而言，其本质是同社会本质密不可分的。所谓的社会本质，即人在社会中所形成的各种社会关系。因此，人的现实本质便是其社会关系，它会伴随社会生产力的改变而改变。

(II) Human Subjectivity

（二）人的主体性

Marx once said that in the process of world development, history does nothing, while what creates everything, possesses everything, and struggles for it is the actually existing human being. In other words, human beings are the subjects who create history and drive historical development. Marx believed that food, clothing, shelter, and other necessities of survival are the primary premise for the survival of all human beings, clarifying the subject attribute of human beings. The exertion of their subjectivity mainly includes the aspects of human initiative, autonomy, and self-directedness. Among these, initiative is mainly manifested in the subject’s consciousness of the relationship between subject and object, its selectivity, and its creativity. However, human initiative is not unlimited; its activities are constrained by various social factors. The transformation of the environment and the transcendence of reality are manifestations of human initiative. Human beings create their own history through their own activities. Autonomy mainly refers to the subject not only having autonomous capacity but also autonomous rights. Marx believed that in slave society, feudal society, and capitalist society, human autonomy was in a state of loss; labor activities were carried out under coercion and oppression. People not only lacked the right to own the means and fruits of labor but also lacked corresponding rights, losing the right to be masters of nature. Autonomy is the prerequisite for self-directedness, where “self” mainly refers to the collective, the nation, and the aggregation of all humanity. What is called self-directedness, i.e., purposiveness, runs through all human activities and is ultimately manifested in humanity’s right to possess, use, and control the means of labor.

马克思曾说过，在世界发展过程中，历史并未做任何事，而创造一切、拥有一切并为其斗争的是现实中真实存在的人。换言之，人才是创造历史、推动历史发展的主体。马克思认为，衣食住以及其他生存必需品是所有人类生存的首要前提，明确了人的主体属性。其主体性发挥主要包括人的能动性方面、自主性方面以及自为性方面。其中，能动性主要体现在主体对主体及客体之间关系的自觉性方面、选择性方面和创造性方面。而人的能动性并非是无限制的，其活动会受到各种各样社会因素的限制。对环境的改造、对现实的超越就是人能动性的体现，人类通过自身活动创造了自己的历史。自主性主要指的是主体不仅具有自主能力，也具有自主权利。马克思认为，在奴隶社会、封建社会以及资本主义社会中，人的自主性处于丧失状态，是在强制与压迫下进行的劳动活动，不但没有拥有劳动资料和成果的权利，还不具备相应的权利，丧失了作为自然界主人的权利。而自主性是自为性的前提条件，其中“自”主要指集体、国家以及全体人类的集合。所谓自为性，即目的性，是贯穿于整个人类活动的，最终体现为人类对劳动资料的占有权利、使用权利以及支配权利。

(III) The Free and Comprehensive Development of the Human Being

（三）人的自由全面发展

Marx believed that individuals can develop comprehensively and realize their talents only within the collective. On the one hand, this manifests the social character of human beings, i.e., the characteristic of human beings as the sum total of social relations; on the other hand, it clarifies the conditions for human development, i.e., human beings can fully develop only within the collective. Regarding the free and comprehensive development of the human being, Marx believed that the human being, as a complete and comprehensive person, occupies all of its own essence, i.e., human beings can be divided into the individual human being, the collective human being, and the species human being. The free and comprehensive development of the human being proposed by Marx includes not only social human beings and all of humanity but also every living, concrete individual existing in society. This fully reflects Marxism’s concern for the existence and development of each person. Human development must be manifested through the development of labor. Labor capacity is a necessary condition for establishing a relationship between subject and object. In labor, people establish various social relations, and their labor capacity plays an important role in this.

马克思认为，个人在集体中才可以全面发展，才可以发挥其才能。一方面，表现出人具有的社会性特征，即人作为社会关系总和的特点；另一方面，明确人的发展条件，即人只有在集体中才可以充分发展。对于人的自由全面发展，马克思认为人作为完整的、全面的人，占据自身所有本质，即人可以划分为个体意义的人、集体意义的人以及类是意义的人。马克思提出的人的自由全面发展不但包含社会人及整个人类，还包含社会中存在的每个鲜活的、具体的人，这也充分体现出马克思主义对于每个人存在与发展的关注。人的发展需通过劳动发展来体现，劳动能力是主体和客体建立关系的必然条件，在劳动中人们建立起各种各样的社会关系，其劳动能力也在其中发挥着重要作用。

II. Problems Facing China’s Current Rural Health Poverty Alleviation Work

二、我国现阶段农村健康扶贫工作面临的问题

(I) Lack of Cooperation and Coordination Among Policy Subjects, Preventing the Humanist Thought from Being Implemented in Place

（一）政策主体之间缺乏合作协同，使得人本思想无法落实到位

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that universal health is an important prerequisite for a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Therefore, people’s health must be given priority development, and comprehensive guarantees for people’s health must be implemented. He has repeatedly emphasized that on China’s path of poverty alleviation, no poor household or poor person can be left behind. At the current stage, in the process of implementing the rural health poverty alleviation project in China, each subject performs its own duties

习近平总书记指出，全民健康是全面小康的重要前提，因此，必须优先发展人民健康，对人民健康实施全方位的保障。他多次强调，在我国扶贫道路上，绝不可以落下任何一户贫困家庭和贫困群众。现阶段，我国在开展农村健康扶贫工程的过程中，各主体各自履行自己的职责，彼此缺乏有效的联动性以及兼容性，使得马克思人本思想无法落实到位，在一定程度上对人民的健康权利造成了损害，主要表现为三点：其一，政策主体之间缺乏协同性，政府采取的帮扶政策比较固化，扶贫举措呈现零碎化；其二，制度之间缺乏有效的衔接，各部门在权责划分上不明确，无法构成合力保障；其三，政策缺乏长效机制，局限于2020年这个脱贫节点，无法长效化以及人性化地发展与递进。

(2) The strength of classified and batch-based assistance is insufficient

（二）分类分批帮扶力度不够强

Marx pointed out that the socialist system will bring all people healthy work, ample material life, sufficient leisure time, and genuine freedom. However, the current batch-based and classified standards, due to insufficient strength in overall assistance, mean that the economic burden remains relatively heavy when concentrated treatment is provided for major illnesses; the management of contracted services for chronic diseases is a mere formality, lacking a robust supervision and assessment mechanism, resulting in the people’s lack of a strong sense of gain; and government departments providing bottom-line guarantees for severe illnesses still need improvement in their “grid-based” division of powers and responsibilities as well as in coordinated reimbursement.

马克思指出，社会主义制度会给所有的人带来健康的工作、充裕的物质生活、足够的闲暇时间以及真正的自由。但目前实施的分批分类标准由于在整体帮扶方面的力度不够，使得大病进行集中救治时其经济负担依旧比较重；慢病签约服务管理流于形式，缺乏有力监管考核机制，导致人民群众缺乏强烈的获得感；对重病进行兜底保障的政府部门在其“网格化”形式的权责划分方面以及联动报销方面还有待完善。

(3) Grassroots medical care is relatively weak in comprehensive service capacity

（三）基层医疗在综合服务方面能力比较薄弱

The right to survival includes not only the basic living standards of individuals in terms of food, clothing, housing, and transportation, but also the guarantee and improvement of individuals’ health levels. Because the comprehensive medical service capacity in the areas where the impoverished population resides is relatively weak, they have no choice but to seek cross-regional referral for treatment, which incurs higher costs, severely impacting their right to survival: on the one hand, cross-regional medical treatment imposes a heavy burden on the family economy and individual psychology of the impoverished; on the other hand, the construction of grassroots medical institutions is still insufficient, seriously hindering the development of medical staff and the entire industry.

生存权利不仅包含个人在衣食住行方面的基本生活水平，也包括个人在健康水平方面得到的保障以及提升。贫困人口由于居住地医疗综合服务方面的能力比较薄弱，不得不选择异地转诊就医，如此就得花费更多的费用，其生存权利在很大程度上遭受了冲击：一方面，贫困人口因异地就医，导致其家庭经济以及个人心理都遭受沉重的负担；另一方面，基层医疗机构在建设上还不够完善，严重阻碍了医护人员以及整个行业的发展。

III. The Enlightenment of Marx’s Humanistic Theory on China’s Rural Health Poverty Alleviation

三、马克思人本理论对我国农村健康扶贫的启示

(1) Humans are harmoniously developing beings: making the conviction in rural health poverty alleviation more steadfast

（一）人是和谐发展的人：使农村健康扶贫信念更加坚定

Marxism indicates that the poverty of workers originates from alienation, which has caused serious obstacles to their harmonious development. From the perspective of political economy, Marx revealed the causes of alienation and the paths to resolve it, pointing out that on the path of socialist development, poverty alleviation work will run through the entire stage, providing an important theoretical foundation for China to consolidate the socialist system and carry out poverty alleviation work. Marxism points out that the root cause of alienation lies in capitalist private ownership, which is also the source of the poverty of the working class. In capitalist society, capitalists acquire wealth by exploiting the surplus value of workers’ labor, while the value created by workers falls into the hands of capitalists, leading to the alienation of workers from themselves. That is, the harder workers work, the easier it is for them to become poor. Therefore, Marx pointed out that only by blocking the conditions for the formation of alienation can one escape alienation, that is, by completely eliminating the capitalist system of private ownership, then establishing a socialist system of public ownership, and thoroughly eradicating all exploitation and all oppression. On this basis, actively develop the productive forces, lay the material foundation for escaping alienation and eliminating poverty, and ultimately achieve communism and the goal of common prosperity. The socialist path China takes, and solving the poverty problem of the broad masses of the people, has always been an important mission of our Party; this is an inevitable requirement for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and to uphold the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the path of poverty alleviation, the Communist Party of China has always placed the harmonious unity of people with themselves in the primary position. In rural health poverty alleviation work, it actively implements the concept of poverty alleviation and carries out poverty alleviation work with an attitude of seeking truth from facts. Comrade Mao Zedong led the Chinese people to establish New China, eliminating feudal exploitation at the level of the national system. However, as long as the socialist system has not yet been established, class oppression will still exist, and where there is oppression, there will be alienation; where there is alienation, there will be poverty. China implemented the “One Industrialization and Three Transformations” [1]1 The “One Industrialization and Three Transformations” (一化三改) refers to the general line for the transition period (1953-1956) in China, which aimed to achieve socialist industrialization (the “one industrialization”) and the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce (the “three transformations”). in 1953, during which the bourgeoisie was completely eliminated. At this time, the socialist system and the industrialization system were gradually established, which not only greatly improved the living conditions of the people but also laid a solid political foundation for future poverty alleviation work.

马克思主义表明，工人的贫困源于异化，对其和谐发展造成了严重的阻碍。马克思从政治经济学的视角揭示了形成异化的原因以及解决路径，指出在社会主义发展道路上，扶贫工作将贯穿于整个阶段，这为我国巩固社会主义制度、开展扶贫工作提供了重要的理论基础。马克思主义指出，异化产生的根本原因在于资本主义私有制，也是导致工人阶级贫困的根源。在资本主义社会中，资本家以剥削工人剩余劳动价值获取财富，工人创造出的价值却落入资本家的手中，导致工人同其自身出现异化。即工人工作越努力，则越容易贫穷。因此，马克思指出，只有阻断异化形成条件才可以摆脱异化，即将资本主义私有制度彻底消灭，然后建立起社会主义公有制度，将一切剥削、一切压迫都彻底消灭干净。并以此为基础，积极发展生产力，为摆脱异化、消灭贫困奠定物质基础，最终实现共产主义，实现共同富裕的目标。我国走的社会主义道路，解决广大人民群众的贫困问题一直是我们党的重要使命，这是我国全面建成小康社会、坚持中国特色社会主义制度的必然要求。中国共产党在扶贫道路上始终将人与自身的和谐统一置于首要位置，在农村健康扶贫工作中，积极落实扶贫理念，以实事求是的态度展开扶贫工作。毛泽东同志带领中国人民成立了新中国，从国家制度的层面上消除了封建剥削。然而，只要还未建立起社会主义制度，阶级压迫便会依然存在，而有压迫便会产生异化，只要有异化便会有贫穷。我国于1953年实行“一化三改”，资产阶级在此过程中被彻底消灭，此时，社会主义制度及工业化体系也逐步建立起来，不但使人民群众的生活条件得到大幅度改善，也为日后的扶贫工作奠定了坚实的政治基础。

(II) People are concrete, historical people: pointing the way for rural health poverty alleviation work

（二）人是具体的历史的人：为农村健康扶贫工作指明了道路

Marx pointed out that people are living, real people existing in reality, pointing the way for poverty alleviation work from a materialist perspective. Since the founding of New China, China has insisted on taking the actual needs of the people as the starting point, truly carrying out poverty alleviation work in the hearts of the people. At the same time, it has adhered to the principles of adapting to the times, adapting to local conditions, and seeking truth from facts to continuously advance poverty alleviation work. Compared with other philosophical thoughts, the greatest characteristic of Marxist philosophy is that it studies real, concrete, living people, not imagined people. Marxism points out that people must first ensure their livelihood before they can create history. Food, clothing, housing, transportation, and other necessities of survival are the primary conditions. The needs of the people are closely linked to people’s livelihood; needs are an important driving force for promoting the development of people’s livelihood. Under the guidance of Marx’s humanist theory, poverty alleviation work must be based on people, target rural poverty-stricken areas, and meet their actual needs of “being able to afford medical treatment.” First, it is necessary to ensure that policies can be implemented without differentiation. First, strengthen the dual system of “guarantee and control” integration, not only ensuring a safety net but also controlling and reducing costs; second, for deeply impoverished areas, it is necessary to effectively implement precise policy measures, make full use of big data to implement the policy of establishing files and cards, and implement dynamic supervision and management; third, it is necessary to achieve both contracted services and supervision and assessment, with local government departments, social security departments, and relevant medical institutions precisely connecting with the impoverished population and establishing a sound assessment and responsibility system. Second, it is necessary to deeply explore the chain reactions arising from “survival needs.” It is precisely because of human needs that historical activities arise; needs are the fundamental starting point for people’s livelihood activities, and labor can satisfy human needs. The various activities generated to meet needs are an important force driving historical development, and the direction of human social development is also constantly advancing towards meeting the growing material and cultural needs of humanity. Therefore, meeting the livelihood needs of rural poverty-stricken areas requires focusing on improving the productive forces and health literacy of these areas to promote their comprehensive development.

马克思指出，人是活生生存在于现实中的人，从唯物主义角度为扶贫工作指明了道路。新中国成立以来，我国坚持以人民实际需求作为出发点，将扶贫工作真正做到人民的心里，与此同时，坚持因时制宜原则、因地制宜原则以及实事求是原则不断推进扶贫工作。相较其他哲学思想，马克思主义哲学的最大特点在于它所研究的是真实的、具体的、活生生的人，而不是设想的人。马克思主义指出，人们在创造历史之前需先保证生活。衣食住行以及其他生存必需品是首要条件，人民需要是和民生紧密联系的，需要是促进民生发展的重要推动力。在马克思人本理论指导下，扶贫工作必须立足于人，靶向农村贫困地区，满足其“看得起病”的实际需求。首先，要保证政策可以无差别化落实。其一，要加强“保控”联合的双向制度，不仅要保障兜底，还必须控制减免；其二，对于深度贫困地区需切实做到精准施策，充分利用大数据推行建档立卡政策，并实施动态监督和管理；其三，要做到签约服务和监督考核两手抓，当地政府部门、保障部门以及相关医疗机构需对贫困人口进行精准对接，建立完善的考核责任制度。其次，要对“生存需要”产生的连锁反应进行深度挖掘。正是由于人的需要，才产生了历史活动，需要是人进行民生活动的根本起点，而劳动可以满足人的需要，为满足需要而产生的各种活动则是推动历史发展的重要力量，人类社会的发展方向也是不断朝着满足人类日益增长的物质文化需求而前进的。所以，满足农村贫困地区的民生需求，需以提高该地区生产力及健康素养为中心，促进该地区的综合发展。

(III) People are people in social relations: enabling innovation in rural health poverty alleviation methods

（三）人是社会关系中的人：使农村健康扶贫方式得以创新

Marx pointed out that people are people in social relations; only within social relations can people realize their actual power. China follows the socialist path and has a very large population. Only under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, by concentrating forces to carry out poverty alleviation work, can the superiority of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics be highlighted. The social relations between people ultimately form the real world, and all people are in the real world. It is precisely the social nature of people that determines that people can only survive and develop when they are in social relations; people cannot exist independently of these social relations. Therefore, the comprehensive development of people also has social characteristics. China’s decades of poverty alleviation practice show that poverty alleviation cannot be achieved overnight but is a long and protracted process. It is precisely because of the long-term and complex nature of poverty alleviation work that the work must unite all available forces, fully mobilize all favorable factors, and provide a force guarantee for poverty alleviation work. The development of people includes not only the development of natural factors, social factors, and spiritual factors formed on the basis of labor practice but also the development of people’s livelihood in terms of survival, livelihood, and life. In addition, it also includes the development of people in physical, psychological, and spiritual-cultural aspects. Only when these are unified and comprehensively developed can “the free and comprehensive development of people” be truly realized. Only then can China’s people’s livelihood construction reach a higher realm. On the path of rural health poverty alleviation, first, to achieve the goal of “easy access to medical treatment,” it is necessary to strengthen the construction of grassroots medical and health professional teams. Marxism tells us that professional talents are an indispensable and important force in social production activities, playing a positive role in promoting social development. People’s livelihood development cannot be separated from people, let alone professional talents. To achieve the goal of “easy access to medical treatment” for the rural impoverished population, it is necessary to start with the construction of grassroots medical and health professional talents, improving their health literacy, professional skills, and comprehensive service capabilities. For medical staff engaged in grassroots work, ideologically, it is necessary to actively enhance their sense of mission and responsibility; professionally, it is necessary to strive to expand their learning channels and promote their comprehensive development; in terms of policy, it is necessary to actively introduce various incentive policies to attract more general practitioners and specialists with strong comprehensive qualities, creating a more perfect service platform for people’s health. Second, to achieve the poverty alleviation goal of “getting sick less,” strengthen health education in rural poverty-stricken areas. For the population in rural poverty-stricken areas, “getting sick less” is a reasonable expectation for their health status. Therefore, it is necessary to start with health education. On the one hand, start with environmental governance and health education, guiding them to change their bad living habits, establish health concepts, and enhance health awareness; on the other hand, increase the prevention and control efforts for endemic diseases, chronic diseases, and infectious diseases in rural poverty-stricken areas.

马克思指出，人是社会关系中的人，只有在社会关系中人才能实现其现实力量。我国走的是社会主义道路，而且人口十分庞大，只有在中国共产党的领导下，集中力量开展扶贫工作，才可以凸显中国特色社会主义制度的优越性。人们之间的社会关系最终形成了现实世界，而所有的人都处在现实世界中。正是人具备社会性特征决定了人只有处于社会关系之中，才可以生存和发展，人是无法脱离这种社会关系而单独存在的。所以，人的全面发展也具备社会性特征。我国几十年的扶贫实践工作表明，脱贫绝非一朝一夕可以实现的，而是长期而漫长的过程。正是由于扶贫工作具有的长期性和复杂性特征，扶贫工作的开展必须团结一切可利用的力量，充分调动一切有利因素，为扶贫工作提供力量保障。而人的发展不仅包括以劳动实践为基础形成的自然因素、社会因素以及精神因素等的发展，也包含人在生存方面、生计方面以及生活方面等民生发展，此外，还包含人在身体方面、心理方面以及精神文化方面的发展，只有这些得到统一、全面的发展，才可以真正实现“人的自由全面发展”，如此，我国民生建设才可以达到更高的境界。在农村健康扶贫道路上，首先，要实现“看病易”的目标，就必须加强基层医疗卫生专业队伍的建设。马克思主义告诉我们，专业人才是社会生产活动中不可或缺的重要力量，对推动社会发展起着积极的推动作用，民生发展离不开人，更离不开专业人才。为实现农村贫困人口“看病易”的目标，就必须从基层医疗卫生专业人才建设入手，提升其健康素养方面、专业技能方面以及综合服务方面的能力。对于从事基层工作的医护人员而言，在思想上，要积极提升其职责使命感；在业务上，要努力拓展其学习途径，促进其全面发展；在政策上，要积极推出各种激励政策，吸引更多综合素质强的全科医生和专科医生，为人民健康打造更加完美的服务平台。其次，实现“少生病”的扶贫目标，加强农村贫困地区的健康教育。对于农村贫困地区的人口而言，“少生病”是对其健康状况的合理性期待，因此，需从健康教育入手。一方面，从环境治理以及开展健康教育入手，引导其转变自身的不良生活习惯，建立健康理念，提升健康意识；另一方面，加大对农村贫困地区有关地方病方面、慢性病方面以及传染病方面的防控力度。

IV. Conclusion

四、结语

In short, great practices all need to be guided and promoted by correct understanding, so that scientific and effective theoretical results can be produced. On the issue of China’s rural health poverty alleviation, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions originate from his long-term poverty alleviation practice of conducting research and visits in rural poverty-stricken areas with unwavering perseverance and determination. Taking Marx’s humanist theory as the guiding ideology, they not only inherit the wisdom of predecessors but also combine the characteristics of the times, continuously pioneering and innovating epistemological achievements, opening up new development paths for China’s poverty alleviation path.

总之，伟大的实践都需通过正确的认识对其进行指导和推动，如此才能够产生科学有效的理论成果。在我国农村健康扶贫问题上，习近平总书记的重要论述源自其长期以来以坚定不移的恒心和毅力深入农村贫困地区进行调研、访问所开展的扶贫实践，以马克思人本理论为指导思想，不但继承了前人的智慧，还结合时代发展特点，不断对认识论成果进行开拓和创新，为中国扶贫道路开辟新的发展途径。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗