Deeply Understand the New Stage of Development

Entering the new stage of development is a major strategic judgment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, coordinating the strategic overall plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world. Earnestly studying and comprehending General Secretary Xi Jinping’s relevant important expositions has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, realizing the second centenary goal, and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

进入新发展阶段，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，作出的一个重大战略判断。认真学习领会习近平总书记有关重要论述，对于全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

Correctly Understand the Historical Position of the New Stage of Development

正确认识新发展阶段的历史方位

What kind of stage is the new stage of development? This is the primary prerequisite for deeply understanding and grasping this major strategic judgment. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party proposed that after building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the first centenary goal, we must build on the momentum to embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and march toward the second centenary goal, which marks that our country has entered a new stage of development.” The General Secretary’s important exposition gives a clear positioning to the new stage of development and endows it with scientific connotation. That is, the new stage of development is not some other stage, but the stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the second centenary goal. This is a new historical position in our country’s economic and social development, and it has milestone significance in our country’s development process.

新发展阶段是一个什么样的阶段？这是深刻理解和把握这一重大战略判断的首要前提。习近平总书记明确指出：“党的十九届五中全会提出，全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，我们要乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军，这标志着我国进入了一个新发展阶段。”总书记的重要论述，给予新发展阶段明确定位，赋予其科学内涵。这就是，新发展阶段不是什么别的阶段，而是全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的阶段。这是我国经济社会发展中的一个新的历史方位，在我国发展进程中具有里程碑意义。

Broadening our perspective in the long river of history allows us to better understand and grasp the historical position of the new stage of development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out many times: “Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese people in modern times.” China was once a world economic power, but later, during the period when the world industrial revolution was in full swing and human society was undergoing profound changes, it lost the historical opportunity to advance together with the world and fell into a passive and beaten position. Especially after the Opium War, due to the invasion of foreign powers and the decay of feudal rule, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with the country subjected to humiliation, the people subjected to suffering, and its civilization subjected to dust. However, it was precisely from that time that the Chinese people and countless people with lofty ideals, unyielding and indomitable, rose up to resist and painstakingly sought China’s path to modernization. After the Revolution of 1911, the democratic revolutionary pioneer Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote *The International Development of China*, known as the first blueprint for China’s modernization in modern times. At that time, many advanced Chinese people also put forward propositions such as “saving the nation through industry,” “saving the nation through education,” and “saving the nation through science.” However, under the conditions of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, China’s modernization could not and did not succeed.

在历史的长河中拉开视野，能够更好认识和把握新发展阶段的历史方位。习近平总书记多次指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想。”中国曾经是世界上的经济强国，后来在世界工业革命如火如荼、人类社会发生深刻变革的时期，丧失了与世界同进步的历史机遇，落到了被动挨打的境地。尤其是鸦片战争以后，由于外国列强的入侵和封建统治的腐朽，中国逐步成为一个半殖民地半封建的社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘。但是，也就是从那时起，中国人民和无数仁人志士不屈不挠，奋起抗争，苦苦寻求中国的现代化之路。辛亥革命后，民主革命先驱孙中山先生曾撰写《建国方略》，被称为近代中国谋求现代化的第一份蓝图。那时还有许多先进的中国人提出了“实业救国”、“教育救国”、“科学救国”的主张。然而在半殖民地半封建社会的条件下，中国现代化没有也不可能取得成功。

In 1921, the Communist Party of China was born, a momentous event that opened up a new era. From then on, the Chinese people had a backbone in their quest for liberation and development. For over a hundred years, all the struggles, sacrifices, and creations made by the Communist Party of China uniting and leading the Chinese people have been for the purpose of building our country into a modern and powerful nation and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

1921年中国产生了共产党，这是开天辟地的大事变。从此，中国人民求解放、谋发展就有了主心骨。一百多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民进行的一切奋斗、一切牺牲、一切创造，就是为了把我国建设成为现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴。

The victory of the New Democratic Revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism laid the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional foundation for all development and progress in contemporary China. In 1954, our Party proposed at the First National People’s Congress the goals of building a powerful modern industry, modern agriculture, modern transportation, and modern national defense. In 1964, at the Third National People’s Congress, it again proposed the goal of comprehensively realizing the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology. Under the strong leadership of the Party, during the period of socialist revolution and construction, on the basis of the poor and blank state of old China, our country established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, and the cause of socialist construction took solid steps. After reform and opening up, our Party proposed the “three-step” development strategy. Entering the new century, after the people’s living standards generally reached a moderately prosperous level, the Party further proposed to build a moderately prosperous society of a higher level benefiting over one billion people by the centenary of the Party’s founding, and to basically realize modernization and build our country into a modern socialist country by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China.

新民主主义革命的胜利，社会主义基本制度的确立，为当代中国一切发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础。1954年，我们党在第一届全国人民代表大会上提出了建设强大的现代化的工业、现代化的农业、现代化的交通运输业和现代化的国防的目标。1964年，在第三届全国人民代表大会上再次提出全面实现农业、工业、国防和科学技术的现代化的目标。在党的坚强领导下，在社会主义革命和建设时期，在旧中国一穷二白的基础上，我国建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，社会主义建设事业迈出坚实步伐。改革开放以后，我们党提出“三步走”发展战略。进入新世纪，在人民生活总体上达到小康水平之后，党又提出，到建党一百年时全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到新中国成立一百年时基本实现现代化，把我国建成社会主义现代化国家。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. The 19th National Congress of the CPC, standing at a new and higher historical starting point, made a strategic arrangement for achieving the second centenary goal in two stages, proposing to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035 and to build our country into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century. The new stage of development is the stage of embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the second centenary goal after building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the first centenary goal.

党的十八大以来，中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。党的十九大站在新的更高的历史起点上，对实现第二个百年奋斗目标作出分两个阶段推进的战略安排，提出到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。新发展阶段，就是全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标后，开启的全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的阶段。

Correctly Understand the Solid Foundation of the New Stage of Development

正确认识新发展阶段的坚实基础

How was the new stage of development formed, and what is the material foundation for its formation? General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Through unremitting efforts since the founding of New China, especially over 40 years of reform and opening up, by the time the 13th Five-Year Plan concluded, our country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national power, and people’s living standards had all jumped to new and significant levels,” “especially the great historical achievements in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the historic achievements in solving the problem of absolute poverty that had plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years. This has milestone significance in the process of our country’s socialist modernization and has laid a solid foundation for our country to enter the new stage of development and march toward the second centenary goal.” Historical materialism holds that the development of material production is the basis of all social life and all real history. The proposal of the new stage of development is not arbitrary or accidental, but has an important practical basis. This basis is that “we already possess a solid material foundation for embarking on a new journey and achieving new, higher goals.”

新发展阶段是如何形成的，它形成的物质基础是什么？习近平总书记指出：“经过新中国成立以来特别是改革开放40多年的不懈奋斗，到‘十三五’规划收官之时，我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力和人民生活水平跃上了新的大台阶”，“特别是全面建成小康社会取得伟大历史成果，解决困扰中华民族几千年的绝对贫困问题取得历史性成就。这在我国社会主义现代化建设进程中具有里程碑意义，为我国进入新发展阶段、朝着第二个百年奋斗目标进军奠定了坚实基础”。历史唯物主义认为，物质生产的发展是整个社会生活以及整个现实历史的基础。新发展阶段的提出不是随意的，不是偶然的，而是有重要现实依据，这个依据就是“我们已经拥有开启新征程、实现新的更高目标的雄厚物质基础”。

Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is the first centenary goal set by our Party. Poverty alleviation is the bottom-line task and iconic indicator for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Only by winning the battle against poverty can we ensure the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the realization of the first centenary goal. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country, united as one, deploying the best forces to attack the hardest fortresses and solve the most difficult problems, organizing and implementing the largest and most intensive battle against poverty in human history. All 832 impoverished counties across the country have been lifted out of poverty, all 128,000 impoverished villages have been removed from the list, nearly 100 million rural poor have been lifted out of poverty, the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was achieved 10 years ahead of schedule, the problem of absolute poverty was solved historically, and a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction was created.

全面建成小康社会，是我们党确定的第一个百年奋斗目标。脱贫攻坚是全面建成小康社会的底线任务和标志性指标，只有打赢脱贫攻坚战，才能确保全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，上下同心、尽锐出战，攻克坚中之坚、解决难中之难，组织实施了人类历史上规模最大、力度最强的脱贫攻坚战，全国832个贫困县全部摘帽，12.8万个贫困村全部出列，近1亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫，提前10年实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程减贫目标，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹。

Through long-term hard work and struggle, our country has become the world’s second-largest economy, the largest industrial country, the largest trader of goods, and the largest holder of foreign exchange reserves. Its GDP exceeds 100 trillion yuan, its per capita GDP exceeds US$10,000, its urbanization rate exceeds 60%, and its middle-income group exceeds 400 million people. Our country has built the world’s largest social security system, with over 1 billion people covered by basic old-age insurance and over 1.3 billion people covered by basic medical insurance.

经过长期努力奋斗，我国成为世界第二大经济体、第一大工业国、第一大货物贸易国、第一大外汇储备国，国内生产总值超过100万亿元，人均国内生产总值超过1万美元，城镇化率超过60%，中等收入群体超过4亿人。我国建成了世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，超过10亿人拥有基本养老保险，超过13亿人拥有基本医疗保险。

The timely completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and winning the battle against poverty has enabled the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to take a new big step forward, realizing a new leap from falling far behind the times to catching up with the times in big strides. It has also accumulated strong momentum for embarking on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and laid a solid foundation for our country to march toward the second centenary goal.

如期全面建成小康社会、打赢脱贫攻坚战，使中华民族伟大复兴向前迈出新的一大步，实现了从大幅落后于时代到大踏步赶上时代的新跨越，也为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程积蓄了强大势能，为我国朝着第二个百年奋斗目标进军奠定了坚实基础。

Correctly Understand the Goal of the New Stage of Development

正确认识新发展阶段的奋斗目标

What historical tasks does the new stage of development undertake, and what goals for struggle must it achieve? General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Shortly after the founding of New China, our Party put forward the goal of building a modern socialist country. After 13 five-year plans (or programs), we have already laid a solid foundation for achieving this goal. The next 30 years will be the new stage of development in which we complete this great historical aspiration. We have already clarified the roadmap and timetable for future development. That is, by 2035, through three five-year plan periods, we will basically realize socialist modernization. Then, using another three five-year plan periods, by the middle of this century, we will build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.”

新发展阶段承担着什么样的历史任务，要实现什么样的奋斗目标？习近平总书记指出：“新中国成立不久，我们党就提出建设社会主义现代化国家的目标，经过13个五年规划（计划），我们已经为实现这个目标奠定了坚实基础，未来30年将是我们完成这个历史宏愿的新发展阶段。我们已经明确了未来发展的路线图和时间表。这就是，到2035年，用3个五年规划期，基本实现社会主义现代化。然后，再用3个五年规划期，到本世纪中叶，把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。”

As for the specific connotations of “basically realizing socialist modernization,” the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 19th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2017; its report outlined the goals for 2035 and 2050. laid out and depicted them. That is, by 2035, China’s economic strength and scientific and technological strength will have risen substantially, placing it among the innovative countries at the forefront; the people’s rights to equal participation and equal development will be fully guaranteed; a law-based state, law-based government, and law-based society will be basically established; systems in all respects will be more complete; the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically realized; the level of social civility will reach a new height; the country’s cultural soft power will be significantly enhanced; the influence of Chinese culture will be more extensive and deeper; the people’s lives will be more comfortable; the proportion of the middle-income group will be markedly increased; the development gap between urban and rural areas and the gap in residents’ living standards will be significantly narrowed; the equalization of basic public services will be basically achieved; solid steps will be taken toward common prosperity for all the people; a modern social governance pattern will be basically formed, with society full of vitality yet harmonious and orderly; and the ecological environment will fundamentally improve, basically achieving the goal of a Beautiful China.

对于“基本实现社会主义现代化”的具体内涵，党的十九大报告作了擘画和描绘。这就是，到2035年，我国经济实力、科技实力将大幅跃升，跻身创新型国家前列；人民平等参与、平等发展权利得到充分保障，法治国家、法治政府、法治社会基本建成，各方面制度更加完善，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化基本实现；社会文明程度达到新的高度，国家文化软实力显著增强，中华文化影响更加广泛深入；人民生活更为宽裕，中等收入群体比例明显提高，城乡区域发展差距和居民生活水平差距显著缩小，基本公共服务均等化基本实现，全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐；现代社会治理格局基本形成，社会充满活力又和谐有序；生态环境根本好转，美丽中国目标基本实现。

As for the specific connotations of “building a great modern socialist country,” the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC also laid out and depicted them. That is, by the middle of this century, China’s material civilization, political civilization, cultural-ethical progress, social civilization, and ecological civilization will be comprehensively elevated; the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be realized; China will become a leading country in terms of comprehensive national power and international influence; common prosperity for all the people will be basically achieved; the Chinese people will enjoy a happier and more secure life; and the Chinese nation will stand more proudly among the nations of the world.

对于“建成社会主义现代化强国”的具体内涵，党的十九大报告同样作了擘画和描绘。这就是，到本世纪中叶，我国物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明将全面提升，实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，成为综合国力和国际影响力领先的国家，全体人民共同富裕基本实现，我国人民将享有更加幸福安康的生活，中华民族将以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林。

The historical tasks of the two stages above are precisely the goals for struggle of the new stage of development. The 20th National Congress of the CPC will scientifically plan the goals, tasks, and major policies for the development of the Party and the country over the next five years and even longer, which is of vital importance to comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the second centenary goal. [2]2 The second centenary goal refers to building China into a great modern socialist country by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.

以上两个分阶段的历史任务，就是新发展阶段的奋斗目标。党的二十大将科学谋划未来5年乃至更长时期党和国家事业发展目标任务和大政方针，对全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标至关重要。

Correctly Understanding the Relationship Between the New Stage of Development and the Primary Stage of Socialism

正确认识新发展阶段与社会主义初级阶段的关系

What is the relationship between the new stage of development and the primary stage of socialism? General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The new stage of development we are in today is precisely a stage within the primary stage of socialism, and at the same time it is a stage that, after decades of accumulation, has stood at a new starting point.” The General Secretary discusses the relationship between the new stage of development and the primary stage of socialism from two aspects. On the one hand, he points out that the new stage of development is a stage within the primary stage of socialism. That is to say, the new stage of development is contained within the primary stage of socialism; it is not a stage outside the primary stage of socialism. On the other hand, he emphasizes that the new stage of development is a stage that, after decades of accumulation, has stood at a new starting point. That is to say, our understanding of this issue cannot remain in the past; we must recognize and grasp its new connotations. If we do not view the problem this way, we will commit the errors of one-sidedness, absolutism, and mechanism.

新发展阶段与社会主义初级阶段是什么关系？习近平总书记指出：“今天我们所处的新发展阶段，就是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段，同时是其中经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段。”对新发展阶段与社会主义初级阶段的关系，总书记是从两个方面来论述的。一方面，指出了新发展阶段是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段。就是说，新发展阶段包含在社会主义初级阶段之内，不是社会主义初级阶段之外的一个什么阶段。另一方面，强调了新发展阶段是经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段。就是说，对这个问题的认识，不能停留在过去，必须认识把握它的新内涵。如果不是这样看问题，就会犯片面性、绝对化、机械论错误。

Putting forward the theory of the primary stage of socialism and its basic line is a major theoretical innovation of our Party. On the basis of past understanding, the 13th National Congress of the CPC [3]3 The 13th National Congress of the CPC, held in 1987, formally articulated the theory of the primary stage of socialism. summarized historical experience and the fresh experience of reform and opening up, profoundly expounded the scientific connotations of the primary stage of socialism, and pointed out that this thesis includes two layers of meaning: first, our society is already a socialist society, and we must adhere to socialism and cannot depart from it; second, our socialist society is still in the primary stage. We must proceed from this reality and cannot skip over this stage. The primary stage of socialism does not refer generally to the initial stage any country entering socialism will necessarily experience, but specifically to the particular stage that China must inevitably go through in building socialism under conditions of backward productive forces and underdeveloped commodity economy. In the primary stage of socialism, the main task of the Party and the state is to develop the productive forces and advance socialist modernization. The new stage of development, judging from its historical orientation and goals for struggle, has not yet transcended the historical category of the primary stage of socialism; this point must be made clear.

提出党在社会主义初级阶段的理论及基本路线，是我们党的一个重大理论创新。党的十三大在以往认识基础上，总结历史经验和改革开放新鲜经验，深刻阐述了社会主义初级阶段的科学内涵，指出这个论断包括两层含义：第一，我国社会已经是社会主义社会，我们必须坚持而不能离开社会主义；第二，我国的社会主义社会还处在初级阶段。我们必须从这个实际出发，而不能超越这个阶段。社会主义初级阶段不是泛指任何国家进入社会主义都会经历的起始阶段，而是特指我国在生产力落后、商品经济不发达条件下建设社会主义必然要经历的特定阶段。在社会主义初级阶段，党和国家的主要任务是发展生产力，推进社会主义现代化建设。新发展阶段，从其历史方位和奋斗目标看，还没有超越社会主义初级阶段的历史范畴，这一点是必须明确的。

At the same time, it must also be recognized that the primary stage of socialism is not a static, unchanging, or stagnant stage, nor is it a stage that can be crossed spontaneously, passively, or without much effort. Rather, it is a dynamic, proactive process always brimming with vigorous vitality, a process of stepwise progression, continuous development and progress, and quantitative accumulation and developmental change increasingly approaching a qualitative leap. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out: “All things always have ‘boundaries.’ The development of things proceeds stage by stage continuously, and each stage also has its ‘boundaries.’ Not recognizing ‘boundaries’ means denying qualitative change or partial qualitative change.”

同时，也要认识到，社会主义初级阶段不是一个静态、一成不变、停滞不前的阶段，也不是一个自发、被动、不用费多大气力自然而然就可以跨过的阶段，而是一个动态、积极有为、始终洋溢着蓬勃生机活力的过程，是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步、日益接近质的飞跃的量的积累和发展变化的过程。毛泽东同志曾指出：“一切事物总是有‘边’的。事物的发展是一个阶段接着一个阶段不断地进行的，每一个阶段也是有‘边’的。不承认‘边’，就是否认质变或部分质变。”

The development of a large country and the rejuvenation of a great nation are long historical processes, which must gradually approach the grand goal through the unity of stage and continuity, and the succession of quantitative change and qualitative change. Comprehensively building a modern socialist country and basically realizing socialist modernization are both the requirements of China’s development in the primary stage of socialism and the requirements of China’s socialism moving from the primary stage to a higher stage. We must view the issue from a dialectical, historical, and developmental perspective, and scientifically grasp the relationship between the new stage of development and the primary stage of socialism.

一个大国的发展、一个伟大民族的复兴，是一个长期的历史进程，必然要在阶段性与连续性相统一、量变与质变相承接中一步步接近宏伟目标。全面建设社会主义现代化国家、基本实现社会主义现代化，既是社会主义初级阶段我国发展的要求，也是我国社会主义从初级阶段向更高阶段迈进的要求，必须用辩证的、历史的、发展变化的观点看问题，科学把握新发展阶段与社会主义初级阶段的关系。

Correctly Understanding the Relationship Between the New Stage of Development and the New Era

正确认识新发展阶段与新时代的关系

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. So, what is the relationship between the new stage of development and the New Era? The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century” [4]4 This resolution was adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in November 2021, summarizing the Party’s history since its founding in 1921. adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC [5]5 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee was a key Party meeting in 2021 that focused on historical experience. pointed out that the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an era that builds on the past and opens up the future, continuing to win great victories for socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions; an era of decisively building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and then comprehensively building a great modern socialist country; an era in which people of all ethnic groups in the country unite as one, continuously create a better life, and gradually achieve common prosperity for all the people; an era in which all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation strive with one heart and one mind to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; and an era in which China continuously makes greater contributions to humanity.

党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。那么，新发展阶段与新时代是什么关系？党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》指出，中国特色社会主义新时代是承前启后、继往开来、在新的历史条件下继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代，是决胜全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的时代，是全国各族人民团结奋斗、不断创造美好生活、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕的时代，是全体中华儿女勠力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代，是我国不断为人类作出更大贡献的时代。

Since its founding, our Party has united and led the Chinese people in striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has already traversed a glorious course of more than one hundred years. The Party’s more than one hundred years of struggle, according to the principal social contradiction and the main tasks facing the Party in each historical period, are divided into four historical periods: the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, the period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The main task facing the Party in the New Era is to realize the first centenary goal, [6]6 The first centenary goal is building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021. embark on a new journey to realize the second centenary goal, and continue advancing toward the grand goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The entry of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the New Era means that the Chinese nation, which has endured so much hardship since modern times, has ushered in a great leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong, and has ushered in the bright prospect of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

我们党自成立以来，团结带领中国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗，已经走过了一百多年的光辉历程。党的百年多的奋斗历程，根据每个历史时期的社会主要矛盾和党面临的主要任务，划分为四个历史时期，即新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期、中国特色社会主义新时代。新时代党面临的主要任务是，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启实现第二个百年奋斗目标新征程，朝着实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标继续前进。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，迎来了实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “From the perspective of historical basis, the new stage of development is a new stage in which our Party leads the people to achieve a historic leap from standing up, growing rich, to becoming strong.” The victory of the New Democratic Revolution and the founding of New China realized the historic leap from the New Democratic Revolution to the socialist revolution. The establishment of the basic system of socialism and the large-scale development of socialist construction realized the historic leap from the socialist revolution to socialist construction. The Party led the people in carrying out the new great revolution of reform and opening up, successfully opened the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, enabled China to catch up with the times in big strides, and realized a new historic leap in the process of socialist modernization. Today, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core is leading the people to continue advancing on the basis of previous development, writing a new chapter in comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

习近平总书记指出：“从历史依据来看，新发展阶段是我们党带领人民迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来历史性跨越的新阶段。”新民主主义革命的胜利和新中国的建立，实现了从新民主主义革命到社会主义革命的历史性跨越。社会主义基本制度的确立，社会主义建设的大规模开展，实现了从社会主义革命到社会主义建设的历史性跨越。党带领人民进行改革开放新的伟大革命，成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，使中国大踏步赶上时代，实现了社会主义现代化进程中新的历史性跨越。如今，以习近平同志为核心的党中央正带领人民在此前发展的基础上继续前进，续写全面建设社会主义现代化国家新的篇章。

The New Era began with the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and the new stage of development began with the launch of the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and the march toward the second centenary goal. The New Era and the new stage of development differ in time span, but the historical tasks to be accomplished and the goals to be achieved are identical.

新时代是从党的十八大开始的，新发展阶段是从开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军开始的。新时代与新发展阶段时间长度不同，但要完成的历史任务和要实现的奋斗目标是一致的。

Correctly understanding the relationship between the new stage of development and Chinese-path modernization

正确认识新发展阶段与中国式现代化的关系

What kind of modernization is being advanced in the new stage of development? General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Our task is to comprehensively build a modern socialist country; of course, the modernization we build must have Chinese characteristics and conform to China’s actual conditions.” In the world, there is neither a single model of modernization that is set in stone, nor a universal standard for modernization that applies everywhere. The modernization promoted by our country has both the common features of modernization in various countries and, more importantly, Chinese characteristics based on national conditions. When discussing this issue, the General Secretary especially emphasized the distinctive features of Chinese-path modernization: modernization of a huge population, modernization of common prosperity for all the people, modernization of material and cultural-ethical progress in harmony, modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and modernization along the path of peaceful development.

在新发展阶段推进的现代化是一种什么样的现代化？习近平总书记指出，“我们的任务是全面建设社会主义现代化国家，当然我们建设的现代化必须是具有中国特色、符合中国实际的”。世界上既不存在定于一尊的现代化模式，也不存在放之四海而皆准的现代化标准。我国所推进的现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于国情的中国特色。在论述这个问题时，总书记特别强调了中国式现代化具有的鲜明特征：人口规模巨大的现代化，全体人民共同富裕的现代化，物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，人与自然和谐共生的现代化，走和平发展道路的现代化。

Deeply understanding the distinctive features of Chinese-path modernization is of great significance; this is a matter that determines the direction of progress and the social nature of our country’s new stage of development. Our country’s population of over 1.4 billion is to enter a modernized society as a whole, a scale exceeding the total of existing developed countries; this will completely rewrite the world map of modernization and is a major event of far-reaching influence in human history. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Our country’s modernization adheres to the people-centered development philosophy, consciously and actively addresses regional disparities, urban-rural gaps, and income distribution gaps, promotes social fairness and justice, gradually achieves common prosperity for all the people, and resolutely prevents polarization. Our country’s modernization upholds core socialist values, strengthens education in ideals and convictions, promotes fine traditional Chinese culture, enhances the people’s spiritual strength, and promotes the enrichment of material things and the all-round development of people. Our country’s modernization focuses on simultaneously advancing material progress and ecological progress, taking a path of civilized development featuring production growth, affluent living, and a sound ecosystem. Our country’s modernization emphasizes mutual benefit and win-win cooperation with countries around the world, promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and strives to contribute to human peace and development.

深刻认识中国式现代化的鲜明特征具有重要意义，这是决定我国新发展阶段前进方向和社会性质的问题。我国14亿多人口要整体迈入现代化社会，其规模超过现有发达国家的总和，将彻底改写现代化的世界版图，在人类历史上是一件有深远影响的大事。共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，我国现代化坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，自觉主动解决地区差距、城乡差距、收入分配差距，促进社会公平正义，逐步实现全体人民共同富裕，坚决防止两极分化。我国现代化坚持社会主义核心价值观，加强理想信念教育，弘扬中华优秀传统文化，增强人民精神力量，促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展。我国现代化注重同步推进物质文明建设和生态文明建设，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。我国现代化强调同世界各国互利共赢，推动构建人类命运共同体，努力为人类和平与发展作出贡献。

In advancing Chinese-path modernization in the new stage of development, we must keep in mind the “greatest concerns of the country” and bear the above five aspects firmly in mind. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “This is the direction that our country’s modernization construction must adhere to; it must be reflected in our country’s development policies, strategies and tactics, policy measures, and work deployments, and drive the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to work together toward it.”

在新发展阶段推进中国式现代化，必须胸怀“国之大者”，对以上五个方面牢记在心。习近平总书记指出：“这是我国现代化建设必须坚持的方向，要在我国发展的方针政策、战略战术、政策举措、工作部署中得到体现，推动全党全国各族人民共同为之努力。”

Correctly understanding the relationship between entering the new stage of development, implementing the new development philosophy, and constructing the new development pattern

正确认识进入新发展阶段与贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的关系

Entering the new stage of development, implementing the new development philosophy, and constructing the new development pattern form an organic whole that is interconnected, mutually constraining, and mutually reinforcing. The new stage of development is an important stage in the process of China’s socialist development. The new development philosophy is the most important and primary major theory and concept that our Party has put forward regarding economic and social development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC; it answers a series of theoretical and practical questions concerning the purpose, driving force, mode, and path of development, and clarifies major political issues such as our Party’s political stance, value orientation, development model, and development path regarding development. Constructing the new development pattern is something our Party has proposed in response to changes in the domestic and international situation; it is a systematic and deep-level transformation concerning the overall situation, and a strategic plan based on the present and focused on the long term. To comprehensively build a modern socialist country and achieve the second centenary goal, we must accurately grasp the new stage of development, thoroughly implement the new development philosophy, and accelerate the construction of the new development pattern.

进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局是一个相互联系、相互制约、相互促进的有机整体。新发展阶段是我国社会主义发展进程中的一个重要阶段。新发展理念是党的十八大以来我们党对经济社会发展提出的最重要、最主要的重大理论和理念，回答了关于发展的目的、动力、方式、路径等一系列理论和实践问题，阐明了我们党关于发展的政治立场、价值导向、发展模式、发展道路等重大政治问题。构建新发展格局是我们党面对国内外形势发展变化提出来的，是事关全局的系统性、深层次变革，是立足当前、着眼长远的战略谋划。全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，必须准确把握新发展阶段、深入贯彻新发展理念、加快构建新发展格局。

In the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, how should we handle the relationship among these three? General Secretary Xi Jin

在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中，怎样处理好它们三者之间的关系呢？习近平总书记对此作了深刻阐述：“进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，是由我国经济社会发展的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、现实逻辑决定的，三者紧密关联。进入新发展阶段明确了我国发展的历史方位，贯彻新发展理念明确了我国现代化建设的指导原则，构建新发展格局明确了我国经济现代化的路径选择。把握新发展阶段是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的现实依据，贯彻新发展理念为把握新发展阶段、构建新发展格局提供了行动指南，构建新发展格局则是应对新发展阶段机遇和挑战、贯彻新发展理念的战略选择。”历史方位与现实依据、指导原则与行动指南、路径选择与战略选择，给予进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局以准确定位。总书记的重要论述，全面系统科学地阐述了三者之间的辩证统一关系，为做好新发展阶段的各项工作提供了根本遵循。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心