The Theoretical Origins, Century-Long Course, and Contemporary Implications of “Maintaining a Global Vision”

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: “To continue advancing theoretical innovation on the basis of practice, we must first of all gain a good grasp of the worldview and methodology of Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and, on this basis, uphold and apply the stances, viewpoints, and methods that run through it.” [1]1 Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *The German Ideology*, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 3, p. 42. [Translator's note: The English text of the quotation follows the standard English edition; the Chinese original is cited from the author's source.] “Maintaining a global vision” is an important component of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century” [2]2 Ibid., p. 40. explicitly lists “maintaining a global vision” as one of the historical experiences of the Party’s century-long struggle. Maintaining a global vision embodies the lofty spiritual realm of the Communist Party of China, embodies the Party’s fundamental stance of using the Marxist worldview and methodology to understand and handle the relationship between China and the external world, and provides ideological guidance for the common prosperity and development of China and the world in the New Era. Sorting out the theoretical origins of the Communist Party of China’s “maintaining a global vision,” examining its century-long course and contemporary implications, is of great value for our Party to grasp the laws of history, scientifically foresee the future, take the historical initiative, and provide an inexhaustible driving force for the progress of human civilization through Chinese-path modernization.

党的二十大报告指出：“继续推进实践基础上的理论创新，首先要把握好新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法。”“必须坚持胸怀天下”是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的重要内容之一。《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》明确将“坚持胸怀天下”作为党百年奋斗的历史经验之一。坚持胸怀天下，体现了中国共产党崇高的精神境界，体现了我们党运用马克思主义世界观方法论认识和处理中国同外部世界关系的基本立场，为新时代中国与世界共同繁荣发展提供了思想指引。梳理中国共产党“坚持胸怀天下”的理论源起，考察其百年历程和现实启示，对于我们党把握历史规律，科学预见未来，掌握历史主动，以中国式现代化为人类文明进步提供不竭动力具有重要价值。

I. Theoretical Origins of Maintaining a Global Vision

一、坚持胸怀天下的理论溯源

Maintaining a global vision is the value embodiment of Marxism concerning the cause of human liberation. Marx transcended his era to put forward the great conception of communism as the future society of humanity, scientifically foresaw the basic features of that future society, and possessed an internationalist perspective. Maintaining a global vision has profound theoretical origins, deriving mainly from the Marxist idea of world history, the global vision of fine traditional Chinese culture, and the diplomatic thought of the sinicized theory of Marxism.

胸怀天下是马克思主义关于人类解放事业的价值体现。马克思超越时代提出共产主义这一人类未来社会的伟大构想，科学预见了未来社会的基本特征，具有国际主义视野。坚持胸怀天下具有深厚的理论渊源，主要源于马克思主义的世界历史思想、中华优秀传统文化的天下情怀和马克思主义中国化理论的外交思想。

1. Maintaining a Global Vision Originates from the Marxist Idea of World History

1.坚持胸怀天下源于马克思主义的世界历史思想

Maintaining a global vision is a scientific grasp of the development trend of human society, based on a profound understanding of the general laws of the development of human society. The emergence and continuous evolution of world history is the result of the scientific and technological revolution and the result of the development of productive forces. In response to the expansion of capitalism in the mid-19th century, Marx and Engels discussed in detail issues such as world trade, the world market, and world history, revealing the laws and trends of world historical development. Marx pointed out: “The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian, nations into civilisation. The cheap prices of commodities are the heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians’ intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilisation into their midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world after its own image.” [3]3 Karl Marx, "Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession," in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 1, p. 8. “The old local and national seclusion and self-sufficiency, with their ‘sixteen and more’ varieties of local self-sufficiency, are replaced by an inter-course in every direction, a universal inter-dependence of nations.” [4]4 The “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” (和平共处五项原则) are mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, first jointly advocated by China, India, and Myanmar in 1954. “The more the original isolation of separate nationalities is destroyed by the developed mode of production and intercourse and the division of labour between various nations naturally brought forth by these, the more history becomes world history.” [5]5 The “Global Development Initiative,” “Global Security Initiative,” and “Global Civilization Initiative” are three major foreign policy proposals put forward by Xi Jinping in 2021, 2022, and 2023 respectively, aimed at addressing global challenges through cooperation. In the process of human development, before capitalist society, due to the low level of productive forces, various countries and nations existed in relative isolation and developed in a scattered manner. With the universal development of productive forces, people’s intercourse became increasingly frequent, and cross-regional and

坚持胸怀天下，是在对人类社会发展的一般规律深刻认识的基础之上，对于人类社会发展趋势的科学把握。世界历史的产生与不断演进，是科技革命的结果，是生产力发展的结果。针对19世纪中叶资本主义的扩张，马克思恩格斯详细论述了世界贸易、世界市场、世界历史等问题，揭示了世界历史的发展规律和发展趋势。马克思指出：“资产阶级，由于开拓了世界市场，使一切国家的生产和消费都成为世界性的了……过去那种地方的和民族的自给自足和闭关自守状态，被各民族的各方面的互相往来和各方面的互相依赖所代替了。”“各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。”在人类发展进程中，资本主义社会之前的社会由于生产力水平不高，各国家和民族相对孤立地存在、分散地发展。随着生产力的普遍发展，人们的交往越来越频繁，跨地区、跨民族的交往越来越广泛。资本主义社会化大生产发展起来后，资本主义开拓了世界市场，人们的交往日益密切，世界各国的联系日益加强，人类社会相互依存程度越来越高。马克思主义从整体性视角考察世界历史发展，指出生产力高度发达和普遍交往推动了整个世界融为一体，世界历史的形成是人类社会生产发展和人类交往活动的产物。

Although capitalism was the initiator of world history, it is not the terminator of world history. Marx, employing historical materialism, further revealed the specific laws of capitalist development and indicated the developmental trend of world history. Marx pointed out that under capitalist conditions, individuals have become individuals within world history, yet they are simultaneously constrained by the world market. To break this situation, it is necessary to abolish capitalist private ownership and move toward a higher stage of development, namely the communist stage. "With the overthrow of the existing social system by the communist revolution (which will be discussed further below) and the abolition of private property, which is equivalent to this revolution... at the same time, the degree of liberation of each individual is consistent with the degree to which history has completely transformed into world history... Only in this way can individuals shake off various national and local limitations and enter into actual relations with the production of the whole world (including spiritual production), thereby acquiring the capacity to utilize this global comprehensive production (the creation of humanity)." [1]1 Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, *The German Ideology*, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 3, p. 42. [Translator's note: The English text of the quotation follows the standard English edition; the Chinese original is cited from the author's source.] Thus it can be seen that the process of world historical development is closely linked to the realization of communism and the liberation of individuals. "The proletariat can exist only in a world-historical sense, just as communism—its cause—can only be realized as a 'world-historical' existence. And the world-historical existence of individuals means the existence of individuals directly connected with world history." [2]2 Ibid., p. 40. The ultimate foothold of the Marxist thought on world history is the realization of communism and human liberation. In his youth, Marx already pointed out that one should choose "the profession that works most for humanity." [3]3 Karl Marx, "Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession," in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 1, p. 8. It is precisely on the basis of scientifically understanding the general laws of the development of human society and the specific laws of capitalist development that Marxism, from the perspective of world historical development, scientifically foresaw the basic characteristics of future society and scientifically revealed the inevitable trend of human society ultimately moving toward communism, thereby achieving the universal liberation of all humanity.

资本主义虽然是世界历史的开创者，却不是世界历史的终结者。马克思运用唯物史观进一步揭示了资本主义发展的特殊规律，指明了世界历史的发展趋势。马克思指出，在资本主义条件下，个人已经成为世界历史中的个人，同时也受到世界市场的束缚。要打破这种状况，就要消灭资本主义私有制，走向更高的发展阶段即共产主义阶段。“随着现存社会制度被共产主义革命所推翻（下面还要谈到这一点）以及与这一革命具有同等意义的私有制的消灭……同时，每一个单个人的解放的程度是与历史完全转变为世界历史的程度一致的……只有这样，单个人才能摆脱种种民族局限和地域局限而同整个世界的生产（也同精神的生产）发生实际联系，才能获得利用全球的这种全面的生产（人们的创造）的能力。”由此可见，世界历史发展进程与共产主义的实现、个人的解放紧密相连。“无产阶级只有在世界历史意义上才能存在，就像共产主义——它的事业——只有作为‘世界历史性的’存在才有可能实现一样。而各个人的世界历史性的存在，也就是与世界历史直接相联系的各个人的存在。”马克思主义关于世界历史的思想，最终落脚点是实现共产主义和人类解放。马克思在青年时代就曾指出，要选择“最能为人类而工作的职业”。正是在科学认识了人类社会发展一般规律和资本主义发展特殊规律的基础上，马克思主义从世界历史发展角度科学预见了未来社会的基本特征，科学揭示了人类社会最终走向共产主义从而实现全人类普遍解放的必然趋势。

2. Adhering to a Global Vision Originates from the Global Vision of Fine Traditional Chinese Culture

2.坚持胸怀天下源于中华优秀传统文化的天下情怀

The fine traditional Chinese culture contains a rich sense of concern for the world, and maintaining a global vision is a profound national spirit and cultural gene of the Chinese nation. First, maintaining a global vision is embodied in the ideal of a great harmony (datong) where the world is shared by all. The *Book of Rites: The Conveyance of Rites* states, “When the Great Way prevails, the world is shared by all,” reflecting Confucius’s political ideal and his beautiful vision for a future society. In a society of great harmony, people are equal and harmonious, selfless and devoted to the public good, and society is stable and peaceful. *Mencius: Duke Wen of Teng, Part II* points out, “Stand in the most correct position in the world, and walk on the brightest path in the world,” advocating taking the most proper stance in the world and advancing along the most luminous path. *Master Lü’s Spring and Autumn Annals: Valuing Impartiality* states, “In ancient times, when the sage kings governed the world, they invariably put impartiality first; with impartiality, the world is at peace, and peace is attained through impartiality,” indicating that only by placing “impartiality” first can the world be stable. Entering the modern era, Kang Youwei proposed that “only when the world is shared by all can we then reach peace and great harmony,” and Sun Yat-sen repeatedly advocated for and actively practiced the principle of “the world being shared by all.” Second, maintaining a global vision is embodied in the spirit of inclusiveness and harmonious coexistence. The *Discourses of the States: Discourses of Zheng* states, “Harmony generates things; sameness leads to stagnation,” emphasizing that only when different things coordinate with each other to achieve balance can there be prosperity and development. *The Analects: Zilu* points out, “The gentleman harmonizes but does not seek sameness,” stressing that in interpersonal interactions, people should coexist harmoniously while courageously expressing differing views. In fine traditional Chinese culture, “harmony” is built on the basis of acknowledging differences, emphasizing that different things can be organically integrated, different civilizations can coexist harmoniously, engage in mutual exchange, learn from one another, seek common ground while reserving differences, and achieve the state where “each appreciates its own beauty, appreciates the beauty of others, shares beauty with all, and the world is one great harmony.” “Harmony” not only esteems coordination and unity but also advocates using “harmony” to establish relationships between heaven, earth, and humanity; between states; between the state and its people; between neighbors; and within one’s own body and mind, emphasizing harmony as the most valuable principle and making harmony the goal of interaction. As early as the *Book of Documents: Canon of Yao*, there is the phrase “illuminate the hundred clans and harmonize the myriad states”; the *Book of Changes: Qian Hexagram: Commentary on the Judgment* emphasizes “the myriad things emerge from the first principle, and the myriad states enjoy tranquility”; and the *Zuo Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals: The Sixth Year of Duke Yin* points out, “Being close to the benevolent and being good to one’s neighbors is the treasure of a state.” All these reflect the Chinese nation’s love for peace and its spiritual pursuit of harmonious coexistence in the world. Finally, maintaining a global vision is embodied in the value concept of the benevolent person loving others. Confucius emphasized that the benevolent person loves others, treating them with respect, reverence, and care, advocating “wishing to establish oneself, one establishes others; wishing to achieve oneself, one helps others achieve” (*The Analects: Yongye*), and “do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself” (*The Analects: Yan Yuan*). Mencius proposed, “He who loves others is constantly loved by them; he who respects others is constantly respected by them” (*Mencius: Li Lou, Part II*). The Mohist school advocated universal love, stating, “When all under heaven love each other universally, order prevails; when they hate each other, chaos arises” (*Mozi: Universal Love, Part I*), hoping that universal love could resolve social conflicts. Over five thousand years of Chinese civilization, the cultural gene of the Chinese nation caring for the world has been manifested. China has always engaged in mutual learning with the world with an open and inclusive attitude. In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was sent twice as an envoy to the Western Regions, opening the ancient Silk Road and promoting exchanges between Eastern and Western civilizations. During the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties, China’s land and maritime Silk Roads developed simultaneously. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Seas, reaching over thirty countries and regions, expanding overseas trade. Maintaining a global vision reflects the Chinese nation’s beautiful longing for an ideal society of great harmony and constitutes the spiritual core of fine traditional Chinese culture.

中华优秀传统文化蕴含着丰富的天下情怀，胸怀天下是中华民族深厚的民族精神与文化基因。首先，胸怀天下体现在天下为公的大同思想中。《礼记·礼运》说“大道之行也，天下为公”，反映了孔子的政治理想和对未来社会的美好憧憬。在大同社会里，人们平等和睦，无私奉公，社会安定平和。《孟子·滕文公下》指出“立天下之正位，行天下之大道”，主张站在天下最正当的位置上，走在天下最光明的大道上。《吕氏春秋·贵公》提出“昔先圣王之治天下也，必先公，公则天下平矣，平得于公”，指出只有把“公”放在首位，天下才会安定。进入近代，康有为提出“必天下为公而后可至于太平大同”，孙中山更是反复倡导并积极践行“天下为公”。其次，胸怀天下体现在和谐共生的包容精神中。《国语·郑语》讲“和实生物，同则不继”，强调不同事物相互配合达到平衡，才能繁荣发展。《论语·子路》指出“君子和而不同”，强调人们交往中要和谐相处，勇敢表达不同看法。在中华优秀传统文化中，“和”建立在存异基础上，强调不同事物之间可以有机融合，不同文明可以和谐共存，相互交流，相互借鉴，求同存异，达到“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”。“和”既崇尚和合协调，也主张以“和”建立天地人之间、国家之间、国与民之间、邻里之间、自我身心之间的关系，强调以和为贵并把和谐作为交往的目的。早在《尚书·尧典》中就有“百姓昭明，协和万邦”，《周易·乾·彖》强调“首出庶物，万国咸宁”，《左传·隐公六年》指出“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”，这些都反映了中华民族热爱和平，追求世界和谐共生的精神境界。最后，胸怀天下体现在仁者爱人的价值观念中。孔子强调仁者爱人，对他人要恭敬、尊重和关爱，主张“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”（《论语·雍也》），“己所不欲，勿施于人”（《论语·颜渊》）。孟子提出，“爱人者人恒爱之，敬人者人恒敬之”（《孟子·离娄下》）。墨家提出兼爱，指出“天下兼相爱则治，交相恶则乱”（《墨子·兼爱上》），希望兼爱能够解决社会矛盾。5000年的中华文明，体现了中华民族关照天下的文化基因，中国始终以开放包容的态度与世界互学互鉴。汉代张骞两次出使西域，开辟了古代的丝绸之路，推动了东西方文明交流。唐宋元时期，中国的陆上和海上丝绸之路同步发展。明代郑和七下西洋，到达30多个国家和地区，开拓了海外贸易。坚持胸怀天下反映了中华民族对大同理想社会的美好向往，构成了中华优秀传统文化的精神内核。

3. Maintaining a Global Vision Originates from the Diplomatic Thought of the Sinicized Marxist Theory

3.坚持胸怀天下源于马克思主义中国化理论的外交思想

From the day of its founding, the Communist Party of China has consistently adhered to the guidance of Marxist scientific theory, combining the wisdom of fine traditional Chinese culture with the propositions of the times, taking contributing to the development of human society as its logical main thread, and always understanding and handling China’s relationship with the external world from the perspective of “the great trends of human development, the general pattern of world change, and the grand history of China’s development.” In addressing and resolving major practical issues at home and abroad, it has formed a Sinicized and modernized Marxist diplomatic thought. When elaborating on the relationship between China and the world, Mao Zedong proposed an independent foreign policy of peace, pointing out that interactions between states should be based on mutual respect and seeking common ground while reserving differences, that all countries, regardless of size, are equal, and emphasizing that foreign aid should come without any attached conditions, laying the foundation for opening up China’s diplomatic situation. Deng Xiaoping inherited and developed Mao Zedong’s diplomatic thought, making a scientific judgment on the world situation, pointing out that peace and development are the two major themes of the world, advocating the establishment of a new international order on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, proposing the peaceful resolution of international disputes through consultation, advocating transcending differences in social systems and ideologies to establish and develop relations with all countries in the world, and implementing the policy of reform and opening up. Jiang Zemin inherited and developed the diplomatic thought of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, making a new summary of the international situation, pointing out that “the current international situation is generally continuing to move toward relaxation,” that “the world is moving toward multipolarity,” and that the trend of economic “globalization is becoming increasingly evident.” He proposed abandoning Cold War mentality, establishing a new security concept centered on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, and coordination, proposing principles for establishing a just and reasonable new international political and economic order, advocating the building of a world of lasting peace and common prosperity, safeguarding the diversity of the world, developing comprehensive friendly cooperation with neighboring countries, and improving and developing relations with developed countries. Hu Jintao made a basic judgment on the international situation in the new century and new stage, pointing out that the international situation is characterized by five “continued developments” and five “profound and complex” features, advocating coordinating the domestic and international situations and promoting the building of a harmonious world. Xi Jinping inherited and developed the diplomatic thought of Sinicized Marxist theory and endowed it with a more distinct spirit of the times. Facing a period of major development, transformation, and adjustment for humanity, with deepening world multipolarity and economic globalization, the continuous advancement of social informatization and cultural diversification, and significantly increased instability and uncertainty, Xi Jinping, with a Marxist global vision and humanistic concern, adheres to maintaining a global vision, advocates a global governance concept, and comprehensively advances major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. He points out that “the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century,” “world multipolarity is accelerating,” “economic globalization is continuing to develop,” “the international environment is generally stable,” and “various civilizations are engaging in exchange and mutual learning.” He proposes promoting the building of the “Belt and Road Initiative,” adhering to a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, participating in and leading the reform of the global governance system, improving the overall diplomatic layout, actively building a global network of partnerships, and personally practicing “telling China’s story well and spreading China’s voice well” to the world. He proposes the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, constructing a pattern of major-country diplomacy, and forming Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, contributing Chinese wisdom and providing Chinese solutions for maintaining world peace and development, fairness and justice, and solving major global problems.

中国共产党从诞生之日起始终坚持以马克思主义科学理论为指导，将中华优秀传统文化中的智慧与时代命题相结合，以为人类社会发展作贡献为逻辑主线，始终“从人类发展大潮流、世界变化大格局、中国发展大历史”的视角认识和处理中国同外部世界的关系，在应对和破解国内外重大现实问题中形成了中国化时代化马克思主义外交思想。毛泽东在阐述中国与世界关系时，提出独立自主的和平外交政策，指出国家间交往要互相尊重，求同存异，无论国家大小都一律平等，并强调对外援助不带任何附加条件，为打开我国外交局面奠定了基础。邓小平继承和发展了毛泽东的外交思想，对世界形势作出科学判断，指出和平与发展是世界的两大主题，主张在和平共处五项原则的基础上建立国际新秩序，提出通过协商和平解决国际争端，主张跨越社会制度和意识形态的差异，与世界上一切国家建立发展关系，实行对外开放政策。江泽民继承和发展了毛泽东、邓小平的外交思想，对国际形势作出新的概括，指出“当前国际形势总体上继续趋向缓和”，“世界正在走向多极化”，经济“全球化趋势愈益明显”，提出摒弃冷战思维，树立互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观，提出建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序的原则，主张建设一个持久和平与普遍繁荣的世界，维护世界多样性，发展同周边国家的全面友好合作，改善和发展同发达国家的关系。胡锦涛对新世纪新阶段的国际形势作出基本判断，指出国际形势以五个“继续发展”、五个“深刻复杂”为主要特点，主张统筹国内国际两个大局，推动建设和谐世界。习近平继承和发展了马克思主义中国化理论的外交思想并为其赋予了更加鲜明的时代精神。面对人类正处在大发展大变革大调整时期，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，社会信息化、文化多样化持续推进，不稳定性、不确定性明显增强，习近平以马克思主义的全球视野和人类情怀，坚持胸怀天下，倡导全球治理观，全面推进中国特色大国外交，指出“世界处于百年未有之大变局”“世界多极化加速推进”“经济全球化持续发展”“国际环境总体稳定”“各种文明交流互鉴”，提出推动建设“一带一路”，坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，参与引领全球治理体系改革，完善外交总体布局，积极建设覆盖全球的伙伴关系网络并身体力行向世界“讲好中国故事，传播好中国声音”，提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，构建大国外交格局，形成了习近平外交思想，为维护世界和平与发展、公平与正义，解决全球面临的重大问题贡献了中国智慧，提供了中国方案。

II. The Century-Long Practice of the CPC in Maintaining a Global Vision

二、中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的百年实践

Practicality is a distinctive character of Marxism. “Maintaining a global vision” is a valuable historical experience from the Party’s century of struggle, a theoretical achievement of our Party in combining the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, and a concrete application of the Marxist worldview and methodology. In the various periods of the Chinese revolution, construction, and reform, the Communist Party of China has adhered to maintaining a global vision, committed to the practice of promoting common prosperity and development for both itself and the world, demonstrating to the world the feelings and responsibilities of a major party and a major country.

实践性是马克思主义鲜明的品格，“坚持胸怀天下”是党百年奋斗的宝贵历史经验，是我们党将马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合的理论成果，是马克思主义世界观与方法论的具体运用。在中国革命、建设和改革的各个时期，中国共产党坚持胸怀天下，致力于促进自身与世界共同繁荣发展的实践，向世界展现了大党大国的情怀与担当。

1. The Practice of the CPC in Maintaining a Global Vision During the Period of the New Democratic Revolution

1.新民主主义革命时期中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的实践

In the early 1920s, with the help and support of the Communist International, the early organizations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) were successively established throughout the country, actively propagating Marxism. From the moment of its founding, the CPC took the realization of socialism and communism as its highest program. In 1922, the Second National Congress of the Party passed the “Resolution on the World Situation and the Communist Party of China,” [6]6 The Second National Congress of the CPC (July 1922) formally adopted the Party’s program and passed resolutions on the world situation and the role of the Communist International. demonstrating the CPC’s ability to grasp the laws of the Chinese revolution within the context of world trends. With the help and impetus of the Communist International, the First United Front between the Kuomintang and the CPC was realized, and the Great Revolution was carried out. [7]7 The First United Front (1924–1927) was a coalition between the CPC and the Kuomintang, facilitated by the Communist International, to oppose the warlords and foreign imperialism. The Great Revolution refers to the National Revolution of 1925–1927. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the CPC actively promoted the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front. Mao Zedong expounded on the relationship between the Chinese revolution and the world revolution. He pointed out: “Ever since the monster of imperialism came into being, the affairs of the world have become interconnected, and it is impossible to sever them.” [8]8 Mao Zedong, “On Tactics Against Japanese Imperialism” (December 1935). “International aid is necessary for the revolutionary struggles of all modern nations and all peoples.” [9]9 Mao Zedong, “On the New Stage” (October 1938). “Our War of Resistance Against Japan needs the aid of the international people, first and foremost the aid of the Soviet people.” [10]10 Mao Zedong, “On the Policy of the United Front in the Current Situation and Our Tasks” (September 1937). The Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japan received substantial aid and support from the countries and peoples of the World Anti-Fascist Alliance, and a large number of anti-fascist fighters directly participated in the war. During the War of Liberation, the United States sent a special envoy to China to mediate relations between the Kuomintang and the CPC. The CPC actively participated in the negotiations, but because the United States actually adopted a policy of “supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing the Communists,” its mediation ended in failure. After the end of World War II, a large number of newly independent nations stepped onto the historical stage. Mao Zedong put forward the theories of the “two camps” and the “intermediate zone,” [11]11 The “two camps” theory divided the world into the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union and the imperialist camp led by the United States. The “intermediate zone” referred to countries between these two camps, including Asia, Africa, and Latin America. making a clear judgment on the changes in the world structure and world situation from a global perspective.

20世纪20年代初，在共产国际的帮助和支持下，中国共产党的早期组织在全国各地陆续建立，积极宣传马克思主义。中国共产党一经成立，就将实现社会主义、共产主义作为自己的最高纲领。1922年，党的二大通过了《关于“世界大势与中国共产党”的议决案》，彰显出中国共产党善于在世界大势中把握中国革命规律的特质。在共产国际的帮助和推动下，实现了第一次国共合作并开展了大革命。抗日战争时期，中国共产党积极推动建立了抗日民族统一战线。毛泽东阐述了中国革命和世界革命的关系。他指出：“自从帝国主义这个怪物出世之后，世界的事情就联成一气了，要想割开也不可能了。”“国际援助对于现代一切国家一切民族的革命斗争都是必要的。”“我们的抗日战争需要国际人民的援助，首先是苏联人民的援助”。中国人民抗日战争得到世界反法西斯同盟国和各国人民大力援助支持，更有一大批反法西斯战士直接参战。解放战争时期，美国派遣特使到中国调停国共关系，中国共产党积极参与谈判，但由于美国实际上采取的是“扶蒋反共”政策，其调停以失败告终。第二次世界大战结束后，一大批民族独立国家登上历史舞台，毛泽东提出“两大阵营”和“中间地带”的理论，从全球视野对世界格局和世界形势的变化作出了清晰判断。

During this period, when our Party understood and handled the relationship between China and the external world, it subordinated the development of foreign relations to serving the domestic revolution, always taking the maintenance of national independence, national sovereignty, and world peace as its basic value orientation. By establishing an international united front, it united all forces that could be united to safeguard national interests, striving for national independence and changing China’s face, in order to respond to changes in the world political structure.

这一时期，我们党在认识和处理中国同外部世界的关系时，以发展对外关系服从和服务于国内革命，始终以维护民族独立、国家主权、世界和平为基本价值取向，通过建立国际统一战线，团结一切可以团结的力量来维护国家利益，以争取民族独立与改变中国的面貌，应对世界政治格局的变化。

2. The Practice of the CPC Cherishing a Global Vision during the Period of Socialist Revolution and Construction

2.社会主义革命和建设时期中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的实践

After the founding of New China, the domestic economy was in ruins, while internationally the United States implemented a policy of political isolation, economic blockade, and military encirclement against New China. Facing a complex and severe domestic and international situation, our Party, on the one hand, stabilized prices, unified national finances, carried out land system reform, and made every effort to restore the national economy; on the other hand, it implemented the diplomatic principles of “starting anew,” “cleaning the house before inviting guests,” and “leaning to one side,” [12]12 “Starting anew” meant not recognizing the diplomatic relations and treaties of the old government; “cleaning the house before inviting guests” meant clearing out imperialist influences before establishing new diplomatic relations; “leaning to one side” meant aligning with the socialist camp. “clearly declaring that New China stood on the side of the socialist camp and the world camp for peace and democracy.” [13]13 Quoted from the “Common Program of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference” (1949). In 1950, in order to defend the homeland and safeguard world peace and justice, the Chinese People’s Volunteers entered the Korean War, ultimately achieving a great victory in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, which powerfully promoted the cause of world peace and human progress. In December 1953, China first proposed the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.” [14]14 The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. Guided by these principles, New China actively participated in international affairs, promoted the easing of international tensions, and created a favorable international peaceful environment for its own construction. After the basic completion of the socialist transformation, how to lead the people of the whole country to achieve national prosperity and the people’s wealth became an important task before our Party. In April 1956, in “On the Ten Major Relationships,” Mao Zedong elaborated on the requirement of dialectically learning from the beneficial experiences of foreign countries, pointing out: “We must learn the strong points of all nations and all countries, all that is truly good in politics, economy, science, technology, literature, and art. But we must learn with an analytical and critical eye, not blindly, and we must not copy everything mechanically or transplant it indiscriminately.” [15]15 Mao Zedong, “On the Ten Major Relationships” (April 1956). On the basis of taking the Soviet Union as a mirror, our Party, according to China’s national conditions, learned from foreign advanced science, technology, and management experience, exploring the path of building socialism in China.

新中国成立后，国内经济千疮百孔，国际上美国对新中国实行政治孤立、经济封锁、军事包围。面对复杂严峻的国内外形势，我们党一方面稳定物价，统一全国财经，开展土地制度改革，全力恢复国民经济，另一方面实施“另起炉灶”“打扫干净屋子再请客”和“一边倒”的外交方针，“明确宣布新中国站在社会主义和世界和平民主阵营一边”。1950年，为了保家卫国、维护世界和平与正义，中国人民志愿军入朝作战，最终取得了抗美援朝战争的伟大胜利，有力推动了世界和平与人类进步事业。1953年12月，我国首次提出“和平共处五项原则”，以此为指导，新中国积极参加国际事务，促进了国际紧张局势的缓和，为自身建设创造了有利的国际和平环境。在社会主义改造基本完成后，如何带领全国人民实现国家富强和人民富裕，成为摆在我们党面前的重要任务。1956年4月，毛泽东在《论十大关系》中阐述了辩证地学习借鉴国外有益经验的要求，指出“一切民族、一切国家的长处都要学，政治、经济、科学、技术、文学、艺术的一切真正好的东西都要学。但是，必须有分析有批判地学，不能盲目地学，不能一切照抄，机械搬用”。在以苏为鉴的基础上，我们党根据中国国情，学习外国的先进科学技术和管理经验，探索中国建设社会主义的道路。

In the 1960s, on the premise of equality and mutual benefit, common development, and without attaching any political conditions, China put forward eight principles for foreign economic and technical aid, actively supporting and aiding developing countries. From 1950 onward, China provided aid to North Korea, Vietnam, and African countries. In the 1970s, major changes occurred in the international situation. Our Party put forward the ideas of “one line, one vast area” and the division of the “three worlds,” [16]16 “One line, one vast area” was a strategic concept proposed by Mao Zedong in the 1970s to unite against Soviet hegemonism. The “three worlds” theory divided the world into the First World (the US and the Soviet Union), the Second World (developed countries in between), and the Third World (developing countries). pointing out that China belonged to the Third World countries, opposed all hegemonism, and pledged never to seek hegemony. In October 1971, China restored its lawful seat in the United Nations and established economic cooperative relations with more developing countries.

20世纪60年代，中国在平等互利、共同发展、不附带任何政治条件的前提下，提出对外经济技术援助八项原则，积极支持和援助发展中国家。自1950年起，中国向朝鲜、越南、非洲国家提供援助。20世纪70年代，国际形势发生重大变化，我们党提出“一条线、一大片”“三个世界”划分的思想，指出中国属于第三世界国家，反对一切霸权主义，承诺永不称霸。1971年10月，中国恢复在联合国合法席位，与更多发展中国家建立了经济合作关系。

During this period, when the CPC understood and handled the relationship between China and the external world, it subordinated the development of foreign relations to serving the needs of New China’s domestic construction, always adhering to the maintenance of national unity, resisting aggression, upholding an independent foreign policy of peace, establishing normal diplomatic relations with countries around the world on an equal basis, and providing maximum support to other developing countries while overcoming its own difficulties. China’s foreign aid “initially constructed an aid fund system including gratuitous aid, interest-free loans, and low-interest loans, as well as a relatively systematic aid project system including complete projects, material aid, technical aid, and human resources training.” [17]17 Quoted from a Chinese government white paper on foreign aid.

这一时期，中国共产党在认识和处理中国同外部世界的关系时，以发展对外关系服从和服务于新中国国内建设的需要，始终坚持维护国家统一，反抗侵略，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，在平等基础上同世界各国建立正常的外交关系，在克服自身困难的基础上为其他发展中国家提供最大限度的支持，中国的对外援助“初步构建起包括无偿援助、无息贷款、低息贷款等在内的援助资金体系，以及包括成套项目、物资援助、技术援助、人力资源培训等在内的相对系统的援助项目体系”。

3. The Practice of the CPC Cherishing a Global Vision during the New Period of Reform and Opening Up and Socialist Modernization

3.改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的实践

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party shifted the focus of the Party and the country’s work to economic construction and formulated the basic state policy of reform and opening up. Facing the world development situation at that time, in 1985, Deng Xiaoping put forward the major judgment that peace and development had become the themes of the era, providing an important basis for correctly understanding and handling the relationship between China and the external world and formulating foreign policy. The Party Central Committee reaffirmed the independent foreign policy of peace. China further strengthened its aid to the least developed countries and carried out various forms of technical and managerial cooperation with recipient countries. China’s foreign relations achieved all-round development. In the 1990s, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the world structure underwent complex changes. Facing the international situation at that time, the CPC unswervingly adhered to and developed Marxism, persisted in taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics without wavering, and was committed to safeguarding national sovereignty and security, developing new-type major-country relations, safeguarding the interests of the vast number of developing countries, and promoting and establishing a fair and reasonable international political and economic order; it promoted world peace and development, focused on developing good-neighborly and friendly relations with surrounding countries, promoted the establishment of the “China-ASEAN Free Trade Area” and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, [18]18 The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area was established in 2010. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was founded in 2001 as a regional security and cooperation body. safeguarded peace and stability in surrounding countries and regions, and promoted common development. “In April 1990, the Chinese military dispatched five military observers to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, initiating the Chinese military’s participation in UN peacekeeping operations.” [19]19 Quoted from a Chinese government white paper on UN peacekeeping. Entering the 21st century, the CPC always adhered to the path of peaceful development and promoted the building of a “harmonious world.” China maintained stable development of relations with countries and regions such as the United States, Russia, the European Union, and Japan, strengthened aid efforts to developing countries in areas such as agriculture, industry, education, medical care, and infrastructure, focused on the livelihood and economic development of recipient countries, benefited impoverished groups more, and actively carried out international cooperation in foreign aid. At the same time, it actively promoted the reform of the world economic governance mechanism and participated in international cooperation on security and counter-terrorism issues. Reform and opening up brought technology, capital, and advanced experience to China, raising China’s level of modernization. At the same time, China’s opening up promoted economic growth in other countries, facilitated the rational allocation of global resources, and met the needs of the international market.

党的十一届三中全会将党和国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来，制定了改革开放的基本国策。面对当时世界发展形势，1985年，邓小平提出了和平与发展成为时代主题的重大论断，为正确认识和处理我国同外部世界的关系、制定外交政策提供了重要依据。党中央重申了独立自主和平外交政策。中国进一步加强对最不发达国家的援助，同受援国开展多种形式的技术和管理合作。中国对外关系得到全方位发展。20世纪90年代，苏联解体、东欧剧变，世界格局发生复杂变化，中国共产党面对当时的国际形势，始终不渝坚持和发展马克思主义，坚持走中国特色社会主义道路不动摇，致力于维护国家主权和安全、发展新型大国关系、维护广大发展中国家的利益，推动并建立了公平合理的国际政治经济秩序；促进世界和平与发展，注重发展同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，推动建立“中国-东盟自由贸易区”、上海合作组织，维护了周边国家、地区和平与稳定，促进了共同发展。“1990年4月，中国军队向联合国停战监督组织派遣5名军事观察员，开启了中国军队参加联合国维和行动的历程。”进入21世纪，中国共产党始终坚持走和平发展道路，推动建设“和谐世界”。中国保持与美国、俄罗斯、欧盟、日本等国家和地区关系的稳定发展，加强在农业、工业、教育、医疗、基础设施等领域对发展中国家的援助力度，重点关注受援国民生和经济发展，更多惠及贫困群体，积极开展援外国际合作。同时，积极推动世界经济治理机制改革、参与安全反恐问题的国际合作。改革开放为中国带来了技术、资金和先进经验，提升了中国现代化水平。同时，中国的开放促进了其他国家经济增长，推动了全球资源的合理配置，满足了国际市场需求。

During this period, the CPC subordinated the development of foreign relations to serving the needs of reform and opening up, conformed to the trend of the times in which the world sought peace, pursued development, and promoted cooperation, actively created an external environment favorable to China’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization, participated in world affairs with a more open attitude, proactively responded to fierce international competition, continuously expanded its international strategic space, and established a new pattern of all-round and multi-level foreign relations.

这一时期，中国共产党以发展对外关系服从和服务于改革开放的需要，顺应世界求和平、谋发展、促合作的时代潮流，积极营造有利于中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的外部环境，以更加开放的姿态积极参加世界事务，主动应对激烈的国际竞争，不断扩展国际战略空间，建立起了全方位多层次的对外关系新格局。

4. The Practice of the CPC Cherishing a Global Vision during the New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

4.中国特色社会主义新时代中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的实践

Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has upheld the people-centered stance, maintained a global vision, and, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of the world, has consistently focused on the future of humanity with a global perspective, examining and reflecting on the direction of world history from a broad, strategic height that encompasses all of humanity. In practice, it has continuously answered the questions of China, the questions of the world, the questions of the people, and the questions of the era. First, it advocates building a new type of major-country relationship and forging a global network of partnerships. Xi Jinping has visited nearly all of China’s neighboring countries, proposing to deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with neighboring countries based on the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness, and striving to ensure that China’s own development benefits its neighbors to a greater extent. Through platforms such as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the Boao Forum for Asia, it has promoted the in-depth development of multilateral cooperation. China actively participates in international and regional affairs; as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, it actively promotes consultation and dialogue on hot-button international political issues, actively participates in global climate governance, and actively engages in international counter-terrorism cooperation. China actively shares its development experience with countries around the world, realizing the vision of shared prosperity. Second, it firmly upholds international fairness and justice, reshaping global values. It unequivocally opposes all forms of hegemonism and power politics, firmly upholds international fairness and justice, and advocates and practices true multilateralism. Xi Jinping has advocated for the common values of all humanity—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—at the United Nations and other international venues, proposing to share the responsibility of the times, promote global development, coordinate development and security, and putting forward the Global Security Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. Adhering to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, it promotes the high-quality construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The Belt and Road Initiative has become a widely welcomed international public good and platform for international cooperation. Third, it has proposed and promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. It actively promotes the common values of all humanity and the global vision inherent in Chinese civilization, understands and respects the different peoples’ understanding of the connotation of values and their exploration of paths to realize values, and advocates using inter-civilization exchanges and mutual learning to resolve the “clash of civilizations” thesis, achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization and creating a new form of human civilization. These practices demonstrate the broad-mindedness and sense of mission of the Communist Party of China in seeking progress for humanity and harmony for the world. Fourth, it continuously leads the trend of the times and the direction of human progress, contributing wisdom and strength to human advancement. “From 2013 to 2018, China’s average contribution to world economic growth exceeded 28.1%.” “China won the battle against poverty, achieving the poverty reduction targets of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ten years ahead of schedule, significantly shrinking the map of the world’s poor population, and ‘making an important contribution to realizing the more beautiful and prosperous world depicted in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.’” [20]20 The 20th National Congress of the CPC: The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in October 2022, which set the Party’s central task for the coming period. China’s poverty reduction has explored new pathways for human poverty alleviation. China actively assists other developing countries in areas such as agriculture, education, health, infrastructure, and ecological environmental protection, contributing to addressing major global challenges. Following outbreaks of epidemics such as Ebola and COVID-19, China actively provided emergency assistance to relevant countries, participated in UN peacekeeping operations, and safeguarded world peace through concrete actions.

进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持人民立场，胸怀天下，从中国人民和世界人民的根本利益出发，始终以世界眼光关注人类前途命运，从全人类的宽广视野和战略高度思考审视世界历史的发展走向，在实践中不断回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问和时代之问。一是主张构建新型大国关系，打造全球伙伴关系网络。习近平遍访几乎所有周边国家，提出要按亲诚惠容的理念，深化同周边国家的互利合作，努力使自身发展更好惠及周边国家。通过中非合作论坛、博鳌亚洲论坛等平台，推动多边合作深入发展。中国积极参与国际和地区事务，作为联合国常任理事国，积极推动国际政治热点问题协商对话，积极参加全球气候治理，积极参与国际反恐合作。中国积极与世界各国共享发展经验，实现共同繁荣的愿景。二是坚定维护国际公平正义，重塑世界价值理念。旗帜鲜明反对一切霸权主义和强权政治，坚定维护国际公平正义，倡导践行真正的多边主义。习近平在联合国等多个国际场合倡导和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，提出共担时代责任，共促全球发展，统筹发展与安全，提出全球安全倡议和全球发展倡议；以共商共建共享为原则，推动高质量共建“一带一路”。“一带一路”已成为深受欢迎的国际公共产品和国际合作平台。三是提出并推动构建人类命运共同体。积极弘扬中华文明所蕴含的全人类共同价值和天下情怀，理解和尊重不同国家间人民对价值内涵的认识、对价值实现路径的探索，倡导用文明交流互鉴破解“文明冲突论”，以中国式现代化实现中华民族伟大复兴，创造人类文明新形态。这些实践彰显出中国共产党为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同的博大胸怀与使命担当。四是不断引领人类进步的时代潮流和前进方向，为人类进步贡献智慧和力量。“2013—2018年，中国对世界经济增长的平均贡献率超过28.1%。”“中国打赢脱贫攻坚战，提前10年实现《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》减贫目标，显著缩小了世界贫困人口的版图，‘为实现2030年可持续发展议程所描绘的更加美好和繁荣的世界作出了重要贡献’”。中国的减贫为人类减贫探索了新的路径。中国积极助力其他发展中国家在农业、教育、卫生、基础设施、生态环保等方面的发展，为应对全球重大挑战贡献力量。在埃博拉、新冠肺炎等疫情暴发后，中国积极向有关国家提供紧急援助，参加联合国维和行动，以实际行动维护世界和平。

Xi Jinping emphasizes, “The Communist Party of China will be committed to strengthening exchanges and cooperation among political parties, and to jointly walking the great path of the world. We are willing to deepen interactions with political parties and political organizations of all countries, continuously expand points of convergence in ideas and convergence of interests, use the establishment of a new type of inter-party relations to help build a new type of international relations, and use the consolidation and improvement of global inter-party partnerships to help deepen and expand global partnerships.” [21]21 The Second Centenary Goal: The goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, marking the centenary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049. In the decade of the New Era, Xi Jinping has put forward a series of major initiatives and propositions, the core concept of which is to advocate and promote the interdependence of all countries, the shared future of humanity, and the solidarity and cooperation of the international community, demonstrating the realm and vision of the Communist Party of China in maintaining a global vision.

习近平强调，“中国共产党将致力于加强政党交流合作，携手共行天下大道。我们愿同各国政党和政治组织深化交往，不断扩大理念契合点、利益汇合点，以建立新型政党关系助力构建新型国际关系，以夯实完善全球政党伙伴关系助力深化拓展全球伙伴关系”。新时代十年，习近平提出了一系列重大倡议和主张，其核心理念就是倡导推进各国相互依存、人类命运与共、国际社会团结合作，彰显了中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的格局境界。

III. Contemporary Implications of the Communist Party of China’s Adherence to a Global Vision

三、中国共产党坚持胸怀天下的现实启示

Adhering to a global vision runs through the Communist Party of China’s century-long history, its present, and its future. It provides us with successful experience and important insights for advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization and for promoting the building of a better world.

坚持胸怀天下贯通了中国共产党的百年历史、现实与未来，为我们今天以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴，推动建设美好世界积累了成功经验，提供了重要启示。

1. Grasp the Worldview and Methodology of Maintaining a Global Vision, and Continuously Write a New Chapter in Adapting Marxism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

1.把握坚持胸怀天下的世界观方法论，不断谱写马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章

Marxism is the worldview of the proletariat and the doctrine of the emancipation of the proletariat. “Maintaining a global vision” is consistent with the emancipation of the proletariat and the great cause of the emancipation of all humanity. It provides both a scientific worldview for observing the world and an effective methodology for building the world. Over the past 100-plus years, the fundamental reason our Party has been able to maintain a global vision and make significant contributions to the cause of human progress lies in its mastery of the ideological weapon of Marxism, its adherence to and application of the dialectical materialist and historical materialist worldview and methodology, and its grasp of historical initiative; the fundamental reason also lies in its adherence to promoting and inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture, caring for the world and maintaining a global vision, and achieving remarkable results in advancing the cause of the Party and the state. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping, based on the future of humanity

马克思主义是无产阶级的世界观，是关于无产阶级解放的学说。“坚持胸怀天下”同无产阶级的解放、同全人类解放的伟大事业是一致的，既为观察世界提供了科学的世界观，也为建设世界提供了有效的方法论。100多年来，我们党之所以坚持胸怀天下，为人类进步事业作出重大贡献，根本在于掌握了马克思主义的思想武器，坚持和运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义世界观方法论，掌握历史主动；根本在于坚持弘扬和传承中华优秀传统文化，关照天下、胸怀天下，推动党和国家的事业发展取得了显著成效。党的十八大以来，习近平立足人类前途命运，顺应人类发展潮流、正视世界变化格局、遵循历史发展规律，正确认识和处理同外部世界的关系。首先，从人类发展大潮流来看，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，始终高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，推动科学社会主义在21世纪焕发出强大生命力，为国际共产主义运动作出重要探索和创新，极大改变了人类历史进程。其次，从世界变化大格局来看，习近平基于对国际力量对比发生深刻变化、经济全球化遭遇逆流、国际体系和国际秩序深度调整等方面的客观把握，科学判断世界格局正处于中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局“两个大局”中，顺应和平、发展、合作、共赢时代潮流，提出并推动构建人类命运共同体，展现了崇高的人类境界和全球视野。最后，从中国发展大历史来看，习近平深刻诠释了天下为公思想的社会愿景，传承了5000年中华文明史的基因，推动建设新型国际关系，助力全球治理体系改革。正是通过不断的实践推进，我们党以自身高质量发展推动世界发展，造福人类社会，实现了以中国化时代化马克思主义世界观方法论去认识世界、改造世界和引领世界的历史性转变，发展了科学社会主义。在实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中，我们面临许多挑战与全球性问题，需要从理论和实践上作出回答并加以解决。为此，我们必须学深悟透习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，牢牢把握这一思想的世界观方法论，以兼济天下的宽广胸怀，弘扬全人类共同价值，推动构建人类命运共同体。

2. Summarizing the historical experience of maintaining a global vision, so as to provide an inexhaustible driving force for the progress of human civilization.

2.总结坚持胸怀天下的历史经验，为人类文明进步提供不竭动力

“Maintaining a global vision” is one of the historical experiences gained from the Party’s century of struggle, and upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for correctly understanding and handling the relationship between China and the external world. Over the Party’s century-long journey, consistently upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee has ensured that China grasps the evolution of the international situation and the world pattern, ensures that the Party’s line, principles, and policies are implemented consistently in foreign exchanges, ensures the acquisition of greater international discourse power in foreign exchanges, safeguards national interests, and secures a more proactive position in international struggles. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [20]20 The 20th National Congress of the CPC: The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in October 2022, which set the Party’s central task for the coming period. points out: “Party leadership is comprehensive, systematic, and holistic; it must be implemented comprehensively, systematically, and holistically.” “Maintaining a global vision” embodies our Party’s humanistic sentiment that transcends class, ethnicity, and nation. Building a community with a shared future for mankind “means transcending the differences and divergences of different social systems, different ideologies, and different stages of development, linking the future and destiny of all countries through common interests, common challenges, and common responsibilities, and jointly building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and clean and beautiful.” The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process, making it even more necessary, under the Party’s leadership, to handle and plan where the world is headed with a global vision. We must further strengthen the centralized, unified leadership of the Party, scientifically apply the Marxist worldview and methodology adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, accurately grasp the laws of world development and change, always maintain a global vision, summarize historical experience, build a community with a shared future for mankind, and provide inexhaustible impetus for the progress of human civilization.

坚持胸怀天下是党百年奋斗取得的历史经验之一，坚持党中央集中统一领导是正确认识和处理中国同外部世界关系的根本保证。在党的百年征程中，始终坚持党中央集中统一领导，确保了我国对国际形势和世界格局演变的把握，确保了在对外交往中党的路线方针政策能够一以贯之，确保了在对外交往中争取更多的国际话语权，维护国家利益，在国际斗争中赢得更加主动的地位。党的二十大报告指出：“党的领导是全面的、系统的、整体的，必须全面、系统、整体加以落实。”坚持胸怀天下，体现了我们党超越阶级、民族、国家的人类情怀。构建人类命运共同体，“就是超越不同社会制度、不同意识形态、不同发展阶段的差异和分歧，用共同利益、共同挑战和共同责任把各国前途命运联系在一起，共同建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界”。中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程，更加需要在党的领导下，以胸怀天下的眼光处理和谋划当今世界向何处去。我们要进一步加强党的集中统一领导，科学运用中国化时代化马克思主义世界观和方法论，准确把握世界发展变化规律，始终坚持胸怀天下，总结历史经验，构建人类命运共同体，为人类文明进步提供不竭动力。

3. Maintaining a Global Vision, Comprehensively Advancing the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation through Chinese-Path Modernization

3.坚持胸怀天下，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasizes: “From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, achieve the Second Centenary Goal [21]21 The Second Centenary Goal: The goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, marking the centenary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049., and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.” Chinese-path modernization is a great and arduous undertaking; it is the only correct path to building a great modern socialist country and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Xi Jinping points out, “Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, embodies the advanced nature of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the direction of progress for human civilization, and presents a new picture different from the Western model of modernization; it is a brand-new form of human civilization.” This important thesis profoundly elucidates the contemporary value and global significance of Chinese-path modernization. Possessing a higher international vision, international breadth of mind, and global sentiment, shouldering the historical responsibility and mission of the times as a major country and major party, and continuing to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind are inevitable requirements for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the new journey, we must enhance the country’s comprehensive national strength, expand and assume more international responsibilities and obligations, continue to play a constructive role as a responsible major party and major country in the world pattern in enhancing human welfare and reshaping the world order, and create a better development environment for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

党的二十大报告强调：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”中国式现代化是一项伟大而艰巨的事业，是建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的唯一正确道路。习近平指出，“中国式现代化，深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，体现科学社会主义的先进本质，借鉴吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，代表人类文明进步的发展方向，展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景，是一种全新的人类文明形态”。这一重要论断深刻阐明了中国式现代化的时代价值和世界意义。拥有更高国际视野、国际胸襟和天下情怀，肩负起大国大党的历史责任与时代使命，继续推动构建人类命运共同体，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求。新征程上，我们要提升国家综合实力，拓展并承担更多的国际责任与义务，在增进人类福祉、重塑世界秩序中继续发挥负责任大党大国在世界格局中的建设性作用，为实现中华民族伟大复兴营造更好的发展环境。

4. Upholding Independence and Self-Reliance, Correctly Understanding and Handling China’s Relations with the External World

4.坚持独立自主，正确认识和处理中国同外部世界关系

Independence and self-reliance are the soul of the Chinese nation and an important principle for our Party’s founding and national governance. Taking our own path is a historical conclusion drawn from the Party’s century of struggle; this conclusion is the foothold of all the Party’s theories and practices over the past century, and also the starting point for the Party to maintain a global vision and make significant contributions to the cause of human progress. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: “The successful path of the Party’s century of struggle was explored and opened up independently by the Party leading the people. The Chinese chapter of Marxism was created by Chinese Communists relying on their own strength. A basic point running through it is that China’s problems must be solved from China’s basic national conditions and by the Chinese people themselves.” The Communist Party of China adheres to an independent foreign policy, consistently and independently conducts political, economic, cultural, and other exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world, insists that China’s problems must be approached from China’s basic national conditions, and that China’s affairs must be handled by the Chinese people themselves. It bases itself on China’s national conditions to solve various problems with the external world, never yielding to external pressure at any time, never being dominated by any external force, and never attaching itself to any country. When handling international affairs, it adopts targeted foreign policies, upholds and promotes fairness and justice, fully respects the interests of all countries, insists that the affairs of each country be decided by that country itself, does not place its own interests above those of other countries, does not interfere in the internal affairs of other countries, and absolutely does not allow any country to interfere in China’s internal affairs. China’s struggles in modern times have made the Chinese people deeply realize that only by adhering to peaceful development and strengthening mutually beneficial cooperation with countries around the world can we create favorable external conditions for China’s sustained development. China has proposed and implemented the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [22]22 The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: A set of principles for international relations first proposed by China in 1954, including mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence., adheres to peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, integrates the policy of China’s foreign exchanges with the progressive aspirations of the world’s people, upholds the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and advocates common development among all countries while seeking common ground and reserving differences. Entering the New Era, the world pattern is undergoing profound adjustments, and the connections and interdependence between countries are more frequent and closer than ever before. Our Party adheres to independence and self-reliance, and self-confidence and self-reliance, actively learns from and draws on all beneficial achievements of human civilization, always firmly holds the destiny of China’s development and progress in its own hands, insists on basing the development of the cause of the country and the nation on its own strength, strengthens national self-esteem and self-confidence, correctly judges the situation, scientifically foresees the future, insists on unifying domestic development with opening up to the outside world, linking China’s development with world development, and combining the interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of the people of all countries, seeking development for all countries, well-being for all people, and progress for the world.

独立自主是中华民族精神之魂，是我们立党立国的重要原则。走自己的路，是党百年奋斗得出的历史结论，这一结论是党百年来全部理论和实践的立足点，也是党坚持胸怀天下、为人类进步事业作出重大贡献的出发点。党的二十大报告指出：“党的百年奋斗成功道路是党领导人民独立自主探索开辟出来的，马克思主义的中国篇章是中国共产党人依靠自身力量实践出来的，贯穿其中的一个基本点就是中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发，由中国人自己来解答。”中国共产党坚持独立自主的外交政策，始终独立自主地与世界各国开展政治、经济、文化等方面的交流与合作，坚持中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发，中国的事情必须由中国人民自己来处理，立足中国国情，解决同外部世界的各种问题，任何时候不屈服于外部压力，不受任何外部势力支配，不依附于任何国家。在处理国际事务时，采取有针对性的外交政策，主持和弘扬公平与正义，充分尊重世界各国的利益，坚持各国的事务由各国自己作主，不把本国利益凌驾于他国利益之上，不干涉他国内政，也绝不允许任何国家干涉中国内政。近代中国的抗争使中国人民深刻认识到，只有坚持和平发展，加强同世界各国的互利合作，才能为我国持久发展创造良好的外部条件。中国提出并践行了和平共处五项原则，坚持和平、发展、合作、共赢，把我国对外交往的政策同世界人民进步意愿结合起来，维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，倡导世界各国在求同存异中共同发展。进入新时代，世界格局深刻调整，各国间彼此联系、相互依存比过去任何时候都更频繁和紧密，我们党坚持独立自主、自信自立，积极学习借鉴人类创造的一切有益文明成果，始终把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中，坚持把国家和民族事业发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚定民族自尊心和自信心，正确判断形势、科学预见未来，坚持把国内发展与对外开放统一起来，把中国发展与世界发展联系起来，把中国人民利益同各国人民共同利益结合起来，为各国谋发展，为人类谋福祉，为世界谋进步。

On the new journey, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, take “maintaining a global vision” as an important worldview and methodology, create a new form of human civilization through Chinese-path modernization, and make greater contributions to promoting world prosperity and progress and building a better world.

新征程上，我们要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，将“坚持胸怀天下”作为重要世界观和方法论，以中国式现代化创造人类文明新形态，为推动世界繁荣进步、建设美好世界作出更大贡献。

(About the author: Sun Xiuling, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Marxism, Xinjiang Normal University)

（作者简介：孙秀玲，新疆师范大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心