Building the Modern Civilization of the Chinese Nation through the Two Integrations

The Chinese nation has a long history and has created a splendid, broad and profound Chinese civilization, making significant contributions to the cause of human civilizational progress. Continuing to promote cultural prosperity, build a strong cultural country, and construct the modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new historical starting point, thereby contributing new Chinese strength to the progress and development of human civilization, is the new cultural mission we have undertaken. The foundation for advancing the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation lies in adhering to the Two Integrations.

中华民族有悠久的历史，创造了光辉灿烂、博大精深的中华文明，为人类文明进步事业作出了重大贡献。在新的历史起点上继续推动文化繁荣、建设文化强国、建设中华民族现代文明，为人类文明的进步和发展贡献新的中国力量，是我们承担的新的文化使命。推进中华民族现代文明建设，其根本在于坚持“两个结合”。

The Intrinsic Unity of the Two Integrations and the Construction of the Modern Civilization of the Chinese Nation

“两个结合”与建设中华民族现代文明的内在统一

The important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development comprehensively, systematically, and profoundly expounded a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning the inheritance and development of Chinese culture. It has pointed out the correct direction and provided fundamental guidance for us to deeply understand and grasp the great significance of the Two Integrations, to jointly strive to create a new culture belonging to the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The Two Integrations and the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation possess an intrinsic unity.

习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上发表的重要讲话，全面系统深入阐述了中华文化传承发展的一系列重大理论和现实问题，为我们深刻理解把握“两个结合”的重大意义，共同努力创造属于中国特色社会主义新时代的新文化，建设中华民族现代文明，指明了正确方向，提供了根本遵循。“两个结合”与建设中华民族现代文明具有内在的统一性。

First, the Two Integrations are highly consistent with the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The Two Integrations are "the regular understanding derived from exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the greatest magic weapon for our success," while the modern civilization of the Chinese nation provides a profound civilizational foundation for the path of Chinese-path modernization. From the perspectives of subject, goal, and direction, the Two Integrations and the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation exhibit a high degree of consistency.

第一，“两个结合”同建设中华民族现代文明高度一致。“两个结合”是“在探索中国特色社会主义道路中得出的规律性的认识，是我们取得成功的最大法宝”，而中华民族现代文明为中国式现代化道路提供深厚的文明底蕴。从主体、目标、方向上看，“两个结合”与建设中华民族现代文明具有高度的一致性。

The subject of the Two Integrations is consistent with that of constructing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the proposition that "contemporary Chinese Communists and the Chinese people should and certainly can take on the new cultural mission, engage in cultural creation through practical creation, and achieve cultural progress through historical progress." "Taking on the new cultural mission" means building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and its subject is "the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people." The Two Integrations are conclusions drawn by the Communist Party of China in the historical process of uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country in revolution, construction, and reform, and their subject is also the Party and the people. The Party is the leading force, the people are the relying force, and their missions are consistent. And "engaging in cultural creation through practical creation" is essentially the Party leading the Chinese people to adhere to the Two Integrations and advance the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

“两个结合”同建设中华民族现代文明的主体一致。习近平总书记提出“当代中国共产党人和中国人民应该而且一定能够担负起新的文化使命，在实践创造中进行文化创造，在历史进步中实现文化进步”的命题。“担负起新的文化使命”就是建设中华民族现代文明，其主体是“中国共产党人和中国人民”。“两个结合”是中国共产党在团结领导全国各族人民干革命、搞建设、抓改革的历史进程中得出的结论，其主体也是党和人民。党是领导力量，人民是依靠力量，其使命是一致的。而在“实践创造中进行文化创造”本质上就是党领导中国人民坚持“两个结合”，推进中华民族现代文明建设。

The goal of the Two Integrations is consistent with that of constructing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The Two Integrations seek both a path to solve China's problems and to develop Marxism in keeping with the times; they both promote the modernization of Chinese culture and enrich and develop Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, enabling Marxism to take root and establish itself in China. The goal of the Communist Party of China in advancing the Two Integrations is to build a great modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation focuses on moving from a culturally large country to a culturally strong country, with the purpose of solidly advancing the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and a socialist cultural power. It can be seen that the goals of both point towards building a strong civilizational country and achieving national rejuvenation.

“两个结合”与建设中华民族现代文明的目标一致。“两个结合”既寻求解决中国问题的路径，也与时俱进发展马克思主义；既促进中华文化的现代化，又以中华优秀传统文化丰富发展马克思主义，使马克思主义在中国落地、扎根。中国共产党推进“两个结合”，其目标是建成中国特色社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴。建设中华民族现代文明着眼于从文化大国走向文化强国，目的是扎实推进中华民族现代文明和社会主义文化强国建设。可见，两者的目标都指向了建成文明强国、实现民族复兴。

The direction of the Two Integrations is consistent with that of constructing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. In the changes unseen in a century where "history turns into world history," achieving modernization is the destiny sought by the Chinese nation. The Communist Party of China insists on taking its own path, closely focusing on the direction of socialist modernization. By adhering to the Two Integrations, it has successfully created socialism with Chinese characteristics, advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization transcends capitalist modernization, enriches the people's spiritual world, continues Chinese civilization, elevates socialist civilization, and opens up a new form of human civilization.

“两个结合”与建设中华民族现代文明的方向一致。在“历史向世界历史转变”的百年大变局中，实现现代化是中华民族的命运所求。中国共产党坚持走自己的路，紧紧聚焦社会主义现代化建设这一方向，在坚持“两个结合”中成功开创了中国特色社会主义，推进和拓展了中国式现代化。中国式现代化超越了资本主义现代化，丰富了人民精神世界，赓续了中华文明，高扬了社会主义文明，开启了人类文明新形态。

Second, the Two Integrations and the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation are historically coherent. From the moment the Communist Party of China established Marxism as its guiding ideology, it shouldered the mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. From a historical perspective, the Two Integrations and the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation possess coherence.

第二，“两个结合”和建设中华民族现代文明历史连贯。中国共产党将马克思主义确立为指导思想的同时，就将中华民族伟大复兴的使命担负在肩。从历史维度看，“两个结合”和建设中华民族现代文明具有连贯性。

The Two Integrations and the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation have historical coherence. The century-long history of the Party is a history of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, a process that inevitably involves a transition from spontaneity to consciousness. From its very founding, the Communist Party of China has regarded itself as an active leader, faithful inheritor, and vigorous promoter of fine traditional Chinese culture, continuously advancing the Two Integrations. From national independence and people's liberation to undertaking the new cultural mission and building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and from realizing "one integration" to the Two Integrations in the New Era, this indicates that the Party's consciousness in inheriting and developing fine traditional Chinese culture has reached a new height. The result of their mutual achievement is the creation of an organically unified new cultural life form. In other words, the Two Integrations have created socialism with Chinese characteristics, which "was walked out under the guidance of Marxism and also walked out from over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization history."

“两个结合”与中华民族现代文明建设具有历史连贯性。百年党史就是马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合的历史，在此进程中必然会有一个从自发到自觉的过程。中国共产党自成立之日起就将自己视为中华优秀传统文化的积极引领者、忠实传承者和大力弘扬者，不断推进“两个结合”。从民族独立、人民解放到担当新的文化使命、建设中华民族现代文明，实现从“一个结合”到新时代的“两个结合”，表明党传承和发展中华优秀传统文化的自觉性达到新高度，其相互成就的结果是造就了一个有机统一的新的文化生命体。换言之，“两个结合”开创了中国特色社会主义，这“是在马克思主义指导下走出来的，也是从五千多年中华文明史中走出来的”。

The Two Integrations have realized the historic turning point of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Looking back at history, it can be found that the modern civilization of the Chinese nation has achieved the integrated development and intrinsic unity of Chinese civilization, socialism, and modernization. Entering the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed, "We must base ourselves on reality, grasp the historical trends of each stage, and do the work at hand well." The scientific theses of the Two Integrations and "building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation" embody the "characteristic of the Chinese nation to hold fast to goals, keep pace with the times, and persevere over the long term," and will inevitably enable Chinese civilization to continue unbroken, flourish enduringly, and enter a brand-new stage of historical development.

“两个结合”实现了中华民族现代文明的历史性转折。回望历史可以发现，中华民族现代文明实现了中华文明、社会主义、现代化的融合发展与内在统一。进入新时代，习近平总书记提出，“要立足现实，把握好每个阶段的历史大势，做好当下的事情”。“两个结合”和“建设中华民族现代文明”的科学论断，体现出了“中华民族具有咬定目标、与时俱进、久久为功的特质”，也必然使中华文明绵延不断、长盛不衰，进入崭新的历史发展阶段。

Third, the Two Integrations provide a path for constructing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Advancing the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture is the best way to achieve the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese culture in the new era. In other words, the Two Integrations provide the path for constructing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

第三，“两个结合”为建设中华民族现代文明提供路径。推进马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，是新时期实现中华文化创造性转化和创新性发展的最佳途径，换言之，“两个结合”提供了建设中华民族现代文明的路径。

The Two Integrations provide a path for unswervingly adhering to the guiding role of Marxism. Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the fundamental basis for the Communist Party of China to grasp historical initiative. As Mao Zedong pointed out: "Since the Chinese learned Marxism-Leninism, the Chinese have taken the initiative in spirit from being passive." [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. This hard-won "initiative" is fundamentally because Marxism pointed out China's own "historical orientation" for the Chinese nation, activated the subjective consciousness of the Chinese nation, and enabled Chinese culture to enter a new stage of modern civilization construction.

“两个结合”提供了坚持马克思主义指导思想不动摇的路径。拥有马克思主义科学理论指导，是中国共产党把握历史主动的根本所在，正如毛泽东指出：“自从中国人学会了马克思列宁主义以后，中国人在精神上就由被动转入主动。”这种来之不易的“主动”从根本上说是因为马克思主义为中华民族指明了自身“历史方位”，激活了中华民族主体意识，让中华文化进入现代文明建设新阶段。

The Two Integrations provide a path for unswervingly adhering to the ideological line of seeking truth from facts. Adhering to seeking truth from facts means basing oneself on the changing reality and proceeding from the changing reality. The "China's specific realities" in the Two Integrations refers to adhering to the principle of "centering on what we are doing," taking what we are currently doing as the starting point and foothold for theoretical innovation. Specifically, for the current and future period, "what we are doing" is what needs to be done in socialism with Chinese characteristics for the New Era. It means basing ourselves on the historical orientation of the New Era, comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and providing a deeper cultural force for Chinese-path modernization by advancing the Two Integrations.

“两个结合”提供了坚持实事求是思想路线不动摇的路径。坚持实事求是就是要立足变化着的实际，从变化着的实际出发。“两个结合”中的“中国具体实际”，指的就是坚持“以我们正在做的事情为中心”的原则，把我们当下正在做的事情作为理论创新的出发点和落脚点。具体到当前和今后一个时期，“我们正在做的事情”就是新时代中国特色社会主义要做的事情，就是要立足新时代的历史方位，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，就是要以推进“两个结合”为中国式现代化提供更为深厚的文化力量。

The Two Integrations provide a pathway for steadfastly adhering to the stance of Chinese culture. The stance of Chinese culture can be summarized as not forgetting the original, facing the future, and absorbing the foreign. Fine traditional Chinese culture is the root and soul of the Chinese nation, providing value guidance and cultural nourishment for China’s modernization drive. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, to excavate those concepts and ideas from fine traditional Chinese culture that possess eternal charm, adapting them to the requirements of modern social development. This means both “endowing Chinese civilization with modern strength through Chinese-path modernization” and “endowing Chinese-path modernization with profound heritage through Chinese civilization.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. Of course, adhering to the stance of Chinese culture does not mean engaging in cultural self-enclosure or self-stagnation; rather, it means demonstrating the confidence of “respecting others” and “self-identity” in the exchange and mutual learning among different civilizations, continuously infusing Chinese culture with fresh elements, and deepening the cultural foundation of Chinese-path modernization.

“两个结合”提供了坚守中华文化立场不动摇的路径。中华文化的立场可以概括为不忘本来、面向未来、吸收外来。中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的根和魂，为当代中国的现代化建设提供了价值引领和文化滋养。因此，要坚持马克思主义立场观点方法，把中华优秀传统文化中那些富有永恒魅力的概念、理念挖掘出来，使其适应于现代社会发展要求，既以“中国式现代化赋予中华文明以现代力量”，也“以中华文明赋予中国式现代化以深厚底蕴”。当然，坚守中华文化立场，并不是要搞文化上的自我封闭、自我僵化，而是要在不同文明交流互鉴中展现“尊重他者”与“自我认同”的自信，不断为中华文化注入鲜活元素，厚植中国式现代化的文化根基。

The Two Integrations bestow a new form upon the building of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

“两个结合”赋予建设中华民族现代文明的崭新形态

The modern civilization of the Chinese nation is the civilizational form of Chinese-path modernization formed through the Two Integrations under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. To accurately understand the new form of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, it is essential to firmly adhere to the Two Integrations and, starting from the fundamental dimensions of ontology, time, and space, precisely grasp the subjective spirit, historical vision, and world consciousness of the new civilization of human society in the 21st century.

中华民族现代文明是中国共产党领导的经由“两个结合”而形成的中国式现代化的文明形态。准确理解中华民族现代文明的崭新形态，必须牢牢坚持“两个结合”，从本体、时间、空间等基本向度出发，准确把握21世纪人类社会新文明的主体精神、历史视野和世界意识。

First, the Two Integrations endow the modern civilization of the Chinese nation with a distinct subjective spirit. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation is essentially the historical inheritance and practical development of the traditional civilization of the Chinese nation in the New Era of China through the Two Integrations. It inherently contains a demand for the subjective national character of the modern civilizational type, embodying the dialectical unity of the totality and subjectivity of Chinese civilization.

第一，“两个结合”赋予中华民族现代文明鲜明的主体精神。中华民族现代文明本质上是中华民族传统文明经由“两个结合”在新时代中国的历史传承和实践发展，内蕴着对现代文明类型的主体民族性诉求，体现着中华文明总体性与主体性的辩证统一。

The Two Integrations deepen the ontological dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The developmental history of the Chinese nation, as an objective existence, is ontological. It “fundamentally determines that the cultures of all ethnic groups of the Chinese nation merge into one, remaining firmly cohesive even when encountering major setbacks, and determines the common belief that the territory cannot be divided, the country cannot be thrown into chaos, the nation cannot be scattered, and the civilization cannot be severed.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. The developmental trend of the subject of Chinese civilization in the New Era of China, in its ontological dimension, profoundly embodies the unity of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, forming an organic and unified new cultural life entity. The Two Integrations confirm this ontological premise, gathering the mighty force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“两个结合”厚植中华民族现代文明本体向度。中华民族的发展史作为一种客观存在，是一种本体性的，“从根本上决定了中华民族各民族文化融为一体、即使遭遇重大挫折也牢固凝聚，决定了国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断的共同信念”。中华文明主体在新时代中国呈现出的自身发展趋势，其本体向度深刻体现了中华民族现代文明的统一性，是有机统一的新的文化生命体。“两个结合”确认了这一本体性前提，汇聚起实现中华民族伟大复兴的磅礴力量。

The Two Integrations embody the subjective spirit of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. The Communist Party of China is the leading subject of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation—this is the choice of history and the people. Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture are the cultural subjects of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation—this is the product of the combination of the choice of national salvation plans and the soil of growth since modern times. The Two Integrations are the scientific judgment of the Party in advancing great practice and theoretical innovation. They are based on China’s concrete reality, “integrating” Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, consolidating the leading subject and the cultural subject. “The creation of Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the most powerful embodiment of this cultural subjectivity,” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. marking that the Communist Party of China has reached a new realm of consciousness in promoting cultural innovation while inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture. This provides scientific theoretical guidance for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, fully reflecting the subjective spirit of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

“两个结合”体现中华民族现代文明主体精神。中国共产党是中华民族现代文明的领导主体，这是历史和人民的选择。马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化是中华民族现代文明的文化主体，这是近代以来，救国方案选择与生长土壤结合的产物。“两个结合”是党在伟大实践推进和理论创新中的科学判断，它立足中国具体实际，将马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化“结合”，巩固了领导主体和文化主体，“创立新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是这一文化主体性的最有力体现”，标志着中国共产党在传承中华优秀传统文化中推进文化创新的自觉性达到新境界，为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供了科学理论指引，充分体现出中华民族现代文明的主体精神。

Second, the Two Integrations endow the modern civilization of the Chinese nation with a broad historical vision. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation takes the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics as its new historical coordinate. Through the Two Integrations, it discards the dross and extracts the essence, continuously cultivating and creating new culture that fits the New Era, achieving modern transformation and displaying enduring charm. This prominently embodies the dialectical unity of the continuity and innovation of Chinese civilization.

第二，“两个结合”赋予中华民族现代文明宽广的历史视野。中华民族现代文明以中国特色社会主义新时代为新的历史坐标，在“两个结合”中剔除其糟粕、汲取其精华，不断培育和创造契合新时代的新文化，实现了现代转型，显示出恒久魅力，突出体现着中华文明连续性与创新性的辩证统一。

The Two Integrations realize the continuous development of Chinese civilization. The light of Marxist truth activates the excellent factors inherent in Chinese civilization, and the great practice of Chinese-path modernization stirs Chinese civilization to radiate vigorous vitality in a new historical context. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to drawing from the “integration” the humanistic ideas of “the world is for all” and “the people are the foundation of the state,” the dialectical thinking of “solitary yin does not give birth, solitary yang does not grow,” and the developmental concepts of “all things grow together” and “unity of heaven and man” from Chinese civilization. [4]4 These are classical Chinese concepts: “天下为公” (the world is for all) from the *Book of Rites*; “民为邦本” (the people are the foundation of the state) from the *Book of Documents*; “独阴不成，独阳不生” (solitary yin does not give birth, solitary yang does not grow) from the *Spring and Autumn Annals*; “万物并育” (all things grow together) from the *Doctrine of the Mean*; “天人合一” (unity of heaven and man) from the *Zhuangzi*. It has promoted and expanded the worldview and philosophical outlook formed by the Chinese nation through arduous survival struggles, achieving the civilizational continuation of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era.

“两个结合”实现中华文明的连续性发展。马克思主义的真理之光激活中华文明内蕴的优秀因子，中国式现代化伟大实践激荡中华文明在新的历史语境中焕发蓬勃生机。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持在“结合”中汲取中华文明“天下为公”“民为邦本”的人文思想、“独阴不成，独阳不生”的辩证思维、“万物并育”“天人合一”的发展理念等，弘扬和光大中华民族历经艰苦卓绝的生存斗争而积淀形成的天下观、哲学观，实现了新时代中国式现代化的文明赓续。

The Two Integrations realize the innovative development of Chinese civilization. The historical rise of all countries and nations is preceded by cultural innovation and civilizational progress. Innovativeness is an inherent gene of Chinese civilization. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation turns from historical sedimentation and realistic reflection toward future development, and innovation is an inevitable choice and the only path. The Two Integrations, especially the Second Integration, represent the innovative path for the development of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. As it is said, “the ‘integration’ opens up space for innovation,” [5]5 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. enabling us to “fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space, exploring theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future.” [6]6 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. The temporal dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation contains the unity of inheritance and development. Inheritance is for continuing the historical cultural lineage, and development is for composing a new chapter of the times—both aim to endow civilizational evolution with inexhaustible momentum.

“两个结合”实现中华文明的创新性发展。一切国家和民族的历史性崛起，都是以文化创新和文明进步为先导的。创新性是中华文明的内在基因，中华民族现代文明从历史沉淀和现实观照转向未来发展，创新是必然选择、必由之路。“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”就是中华民族现代文明发展的创新之路。正所谓“‘结合’打开了创新空间”，“让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新”。中华民族现代文明的时间向度蕴含着继承与发展的统一，继承是为了赓续历史文脉、发展是为了谱写时代华章，都是为了赋予文明演进以不竭动力。

Third, the Two Integrations endow the modern civilization of the Chinese nation with an open world consciousness. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation broadly absorbs the essence of world civilizations, reshaping the new pattern, new direction, and new relationships of human social civilization in the 21st century. It represents a new form of human civilization created by Chinese civilization, moving toward and leading the creation of a new type of world civilization. Advancing the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation through the Two Integrations prominently embodies the open world consciousness of Chinese civilization.

第三，“两个结合”赋予中华民族现代文明开阔的世界意识。中华民族现代文明广纳世界文明精华，重塑了21世纪人类社会文明的新格局、新走向和新关系，代表着中华文明创造的人类文明新形态，正走向并引领世界新文明类型的创生。以“两个结合”推进中华民族现代文明建设，突出体现着中华文明开阔的世界意识。

The Two Integrations correctly handle the dialectical relationship between Chinese civilization and human civilization. In today’s world, the trend of civilizational exchange, integration, and confrontation is unprecedented. As China increasingly moves closer to the center of the world stage, the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, derived from the five-thousand-year unbroken civilization of China, contributes Chinese wisdom to the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the outstanding achievements of all advanced civilizations in the world provide reference for the continuous development of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. This determines the duality of the spatial dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation: it must be rooted in Chinese civilization while also focusing on world civilization. Therefore, to correctly understand the spatial dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to adhere to the Two Integrations, fully recognizing both the inclusiveness of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation in embracing Marxism and its peacefulness in continuously pursuing equal civilizational exchange, thereby correctly handling the dialectical relationship between Chinese civilization and world civilization.

“两个结合”正确处理中华文明与人类文明的辩证关系。当今世界，文明交流、交融、交锋之势前所未有。伴随中国日益走近世界舞台中央，中华五千年不断裂文明衍生出的中华民族现代文明为人类文明进步贡献了中国智慧，同时世界一切先进文明的优秀成果也为中华民族现代文明赓续发展提供了借鉴参考。这就决定了中华民族现代文明空间向度的二重性，既要立足中华文明，又要着眼世界文明。因此，正确理解中华民族现代文明的空间向度，就必须坚持“两个结合”，既要充分认识中华民族现代文明对马克思主义兼收并蓄的包容性，又要充分认识中华民族现代文明不断追求文明平等交流的和平性，从而正确处理中华文明与世界文明的辩证关系。

The Two Integrations actively realize the exchange and mutual learning between Chinese civilization and world civilizations. Rooted in China’s concrete reality and fine traditional Chinese culture, which embrace diverse civilizations, the inclusiveness of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation is highlighted. This “fundamentally determines the historical orientation of the Chinese nation’s interactions, exchanges, and integration, determines the harmonious pattern of coexistence among various religious beliefs in China, and determines the open-mindedness of Chinese culture in absorbing world civilizations.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. The mutual inclusion and borrowing between the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and other global civilizations will greatly enrich the garden of world civilizations. At the same time, carrying out peaceful civilizational exchange and dialogue with historical initiative and an international perspective highlights the peacefulness of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. This fundamentally “determines that China continuously pursues civilizational exchange and mutual learning without engaging in cultural hegemony, determines that China will not impose its own values and political system on others, and determines that China insists on cooperation rather than confrontation.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on cultural heritage, June 2, 2023. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation pursues peace, harmony, concord, and harmony, and will inevitably provide powerful civilizational strength and cultural support for the common development of China and the world. The spatial dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation embeds the unity of China and the world. Rooted in China is for realizing the flourishing development of Chinese culture, and looking to the world is for promoting the integration and transformation of foreign cultures—both aim to achieve the integrated development of human civilization in the New Era of China.

“两个结合”主动实现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴。扎根中国具体实际和中华优秀传统文化包容多元文明，突出中华民族现代文明的包容性，“从根本上决定了中华民族交往交流交融的历史取向，决定了中国各宗教信仰多元并存的和谐格局，决定了中华文化对世界文明兼收并蓄的开放胸怀”，中华民族现代文明与全球其他文明包容借鉴，必将极大丰富世界文明百花园。同时，带着历史主动和国际视野开展文明和平交流对话，突出中华民族现代文明的和平性，从根本上“决定了中国不断追求文明交流互鉴而不搞文化霸权，决定了中国不会把自己的价值观念与政治体制强加于人，决定了中国坚持合作、不搞对抗”，中华民族现代文明追求和平、和合、和睦、和谐，必将为中国与世界共同发展提供强大的文明力量和文化支撑。中华民族现代文明的空间向度内嵌着中国与世界的统一，立足中国是为了实现中华文化繁荣发展，放眼世界是为了促进外来文化融合转化，都是为了实现人类文明在新时代中国的融合发展。

The Epochal Implications of Building the Modern Civilization of the Chinese Nation through the Two Integrations

“两个结合”中建设中华民族现代文明的时代意蕴

The modern civilization of the Chinese nation is a brand-new form of human civilization. In terms of practical orientation, it must not only endow the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation with the value of the times and promote the common action of building this civilization, but also, on this basis, construct a Chinese solution that advances the progress of human civilization, thereby manifesting the global significance of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

中华民族现代文明是一种崭新的人类文明形态，在实践路向上既要赋予中华民族现代文明建设的时代价值，推进中华民族现代文明建设的共同行动，还要在此基础上建构促进人类文明进步的中国方案，彰显中华民族现代文明建设的世界意义。

First, the epochal value of the Two Integrations in advancing the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Chinese-path modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern power, while Chinese civilization endows Chinese-path modernization with profound heritage. The Two Integrations have opened up the space for innovation in Chinese-path modernization and Chinese civilization, and have endowed the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation with the value of the times.

第一，“两个结合”推进中华民族现代文明建设的时代价值。中国式现代化赋予中华文明现代力量，中华文明赋予中国式现代化深厚底蕴。“两个结合”打开了中国式现代化和中华文明的创新空间，赋予了中华民族现代文明建设的时代价值。

Opening up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The scientific method of Marxist dialectical materialism is consistent with the simple materialist ideas found in the excellent traditional Chinese culture. The approach of "taking the essence and discarding the dross," as a method for distinguishing traditional culture, provides a standard that is widely understood and accepted by the masses for critically inheriting Chinese culture. At the same time, in the face of the complex and ever-changing domestic and international situation, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the guidance of dialectical materialism and make rational judgments about China's concrete reality that are neither self-deprecating nor blindly confident. Adhering to the guidance of a Sinicized and modernized Marxism, making good use of the Two Integrations, and doing our own work well in the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界。马克思主义唯物辩证的科学方法与中华优秀传统文化中朴素的唯物主义思想具有一致性，“取其精华，去其糟粕”作为甄别传统文化的方法，为批判继承中华文化提供了人民群众普遍理解和接受的标准。同时，面对纷繁复杂的国内国际形势，需要继续坚持唯物辩证法思想的指导，对中国的具体实际做出既不妄自菲薄也不盲目自信的理性判断。坚持中国化时代化马克思主义指导，用好“两个结合”，在中华民族现代文明建设中做好自己的事情。

Linking the essence of Marxism with the essence of excellent traditional Chinese culture. The essence of Marxism is inherently compatible with the essence of excellent traditional Chinese culture. The application, refinement, and recognition of the essence of Marxism by the Chinese people require both the power of excellent traditional Chinese culture and, even more, the activation of the excellent factors of traditional Chinese culture. At the same time, we must persist in using Marxism's people's standpoint, revolutionary thought, and communist ideals to unite Chinese strength, invest it in the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and let the truth of Marxism and the brilliance of the times of excellent traditional Chinese culture shine forth.

贯通马克思主义精髓与中华优秀传统文化精华。马克思主义精髓本质上与中华优秀传统文化精华内在契合。马克思主义精髓在中国的运用、完善以及被中国人民所认同，既要借助中华优秀传统文化的力量，更要激活中华传统文化的优秀因子。同时，坚持用马克思主义的人民立场、革命思想、共产主义理想凝聚中国力量，投入到中华民族现代文明建设中，绽放马克思主义的真理光芒和中华优秀传统文化的时代光芒。

Highlighting the practicality of Marxism in civilizational transformation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "The continuous development, the repeated recovery from setbacks, and the rebirth of the Chinese nation are all inseparable from the powerful support of Chinese culture." [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Tenth National Congress of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Writers Association," November 30, 2016. Building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation requires promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture. The positions, viewpoints, and methods of Marxism, applied and running through the practice of China's revolution, construction, and reform and opening up, and the rich experiences and lessons accumulated therein, have become the material, opportunities, and nourishment for promoting the epochal development of excellent traditional Chinese culture in the new historical context. Entering the New Era, the Two Integrations highlight the practicality of Marxism, promote the transformation of Chinese civilization from tradition to modernity, and constitute favorable conditions for excellent traditional Chinese culture to achieve transformation and development into modern civilization.

突出马克思主义在文明转化方面的实践性。习近平总书记指出：“中华民族生生不息绵延发展、饱受挫折又不断浴火重生，都离不开中华文化的有力支撑。”建设中华民族现代文明需要推进中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，运用和贯穿于中国革命、建设和改革发展的实践，所积累的丰富经验教训在新的历史语境下，成为推进中华优秀传统文化时代性发展的素材、契机和养分。进入新时代，“两个结合”突出了马克思主义的实践性，推动中华文明由传统到现代的转型，构成了中华优秀传统文化实现现代文明转化和发展的有利条件。

Second, the Two Integrations gather the common strength for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Common action and broad participation are inevitable requirements for advancing the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. By fully leveraging the leadership role of the Party, continuously promoting the participation of all the people, and strengthening and deepening exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations, the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation is changing with each passing day.

第二，“两个结合”汇聚中华民族现代文明建设的共同力量。共同行动和广泛参与是推进中华民族现代文明建设的必然要求。充分发挥党的领导作用，不断推进全体人民的共同参与，加强和深化人类文明交流互鉴，中华民族现代文明建设日新月异。

The Communist Party of China is the leading force in building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. As a firm believer in and practitioner of Marxism, the CPC shoulders the glorious mission of inheriting and promoting excellent traditional Chinese culture, and in practice has come to more deeply recognize the foundational role of the Two Integrations in building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. In concrete practice, it coordinates the development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, promotes the mutual promotion of economic construction and cultural construction, increases investment in education, science and technology, and culture, advances the cooperation and integration of cultural undertakings with science and technology enterprises, promotes the flourishing development of cultural undertakings, and fosters a positive social atmosphere for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

中国共产党是建设中华民族现代文明的领导力量。作为马克思主义的坚定信仰者和践行者，中国共产党肩负着继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的光荣使命，在实践中更加深刻地认识到“两个结合”对建设中华民族现代文明的根源性作用。在具体实践中，将物质文明与精神文明协同发展、经济建设和文化建设相互促进，加大对教育、科技和文化等方面的投入，推进文化事业与科技企业的合作与融合，促进文化事业的繁荣发展，为建设中华民族现代文明营造积极向上的社会风尚。

The masses of the people are the main force in building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that it is necessary to "meet the people's growing spiritual and cultural needs, consolidate the common ideological foundation for the united struggle of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, and continuously enhance the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture." [10]10 Xi Jinping, "Report to the 20th National Congress History and reality have repeatedly proven that the masses of the people are both the "actors in the play" and the "playwrights" of the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Only when all the people consciously learn scientific and cultural knowledge, cultivate cultural interests, inherit excellent traditional culture, and establish civilized qualities can a civilized and harmonious internal environment be created for the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and can the mighty force for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation be gathered.

人民群众是建设中华民族现代文明的主体力量。习近平总书记指出，要“满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求，巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础，不断提升国家文化软实力和中华文化影响力”。历史和现实已经反复证明，人民群众既是中华民族现代文明建设的“剧中人”，也是“剧作者”，只有全体人民自觉学习科学文化知识、培养文化兴趣、传承优秀传统文化、树立文明素养，才能为中华民族现代文明建设营造文明和谐的内部环境，才能汇聚起建设中华民族现代文明的磅礴伟力。

Third, the Two Integrations narrate the Chinese chapter of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. Over the past hundred years and more, under the guidance of Marxism and in light of China's concrete reality, the CPC has led the people to blaze a path of Chinese-path modernization different from that of the West, created a new form of human civilization that combines the characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese civilization, and constructed a Chinese solution for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

第三，“两个结合”叙写中华民族现代文明建设的中国篇章。一百多年来，中国共产党在马克思主义指导下，结合中国的具体实际，领导人民走出了一条不同于西方的中国式现代化道路，创造了兼具中国特色社会主义和中华文明特色的人类文明新形态，建构了中华民族现代文明建设的中国方案。

Opening up and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: "Without the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, where would Chinese characteristics come from? Without Chinese characteristics, how could we have such a successful path of socialism with Chinese characteristics today?" [11]11 “Universal love and non-aggression” (兼爱非攻) is a core doctrine of the Mohist school, advocating impartial care for all and opposition to offensive warfare. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is based on great Chinese practice, guided by the scientific theory of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, organically integrates Chinese civilization with Chinese-path modernization, embodies the unique cultural traditions and civilizational background of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, constructs a new type of civilizational view of Chinese-path modernization characterized by equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, and coordinates the interactive and mutually beneficial relationship between the development of Chinese civilization and the progress of human civilization.

开辟和发展了中国特色社会主义。习近平总书记强调：“如果没有中华五千年文明，哪里有什么中国特色？如果不是中国特色，哪有我们今天这么成功的中国特色社会主义道路？”中国特色社会主义基于伟大的中国实践，以中国化时代化的马克思主义科学理论为指导，把中华文明与中国式现代化有机融合起来，体现了中华民族现代文明独特的文化传统和文明底色，建构了中国式现代化平等、互鉴、对话、包容的新型文明观，统筹协调了中华文明发展与人类文明进步之间的互动互惠关系。

Realizing the organic unity of the characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese civilization. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is rooted in the cultural genes of Chinese civilization. The characteristics of Chinese civilization enable the CPC to stand firm amidst the global cultural currents. The two have achieved organic unity in the great practice guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. On the one hand, it is necessary to uphold the leadership of the CPC, firmly establish the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain, and adhere to the people-centered development thought; at the same time, it is also necessary to vigorously promote excellent traditional Chinese culture, use the power of truth and the spirit of the times to activate the vitality of Chinese civilization, realize the inherent unity of Chinese civilization and Chinese-path modernization, and consolidate the cultural foundation for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

实现了中国特色社会主义和中华文明特质有机统一。中国特色社会主义植根于中华文明的文化基因，中华文明特质使中国共产党在世界文化激荡中能够站稳脚跟，二者在以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指导下的伟大实践中，实现了有机统一。一方面，坚持中国共产党的领导，牢固树立马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想；同时，也要大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化，用真理力量、时代精神激活中华文明的生命力，实现中华文明与中国式现代化的内在统一，筑牢中华民族现代文明建设的文化根基。

Fourth, the Two Integrations manifest the global significance of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. In the long course of world history, the Chinese nation once created a splendid Chinese civilization and achieved civilizational achievements that led the world in the process of world historical development. In the New Era, the CPC unites and leads the people, upholding the civilizational concept of "sharing weal and woe and a shared future," making significant contributions to promoting world peace and development and the progress of human civilization, demonstrating the responsibility and commitment of a major country, and manifesting the global significance of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

第四，“两个结合”彰显中华民族现代文明建设的世界意义。在漫长的世界历史长河中，中华民族曾经创造了辉煌灿烂的中华文明，在世界历史发展进程中取得了领先世界的文明成就。新时代，中国共产党团结带领人民秉持“休戚与共、命运与共”的文明理念，为推动世界和平发展和人类文明进步作出重大贡献，展现了一个大国的责任与担当，彰显中华民族现代文明建设的世界意义。

Providing Chinese wisdom for developing countries to achieve modernization. As the largest developing country and socialist country, China, on its journey to build a modern socialist country, has blazed a path of modernization different from that of Western developed countries, which is "centered on capital" and "based on self-interest and exclusivity." This path contains the universal experience and wisdom value of the process of human modernization, announces to the world the end of the "end of history thesis" and the failure of the "socialism is doomed thesis," provides experience for reference, examples for emulation, and Chinese wisdom for developing countries, and manifests the strong vitality of scientific socialism.

为发展中国家实现现代化提供中国智慧。作为最大的发展中国家和社会主义国家，中国在建设社会主义现代化国家的征程中，走出了一条不同于西方发达国家“以资本为中心”“以自利排他性为基础”的现代化道路，蕴含着人类现代化进程的普遍经验和智慧价值，向世人宣告了“历史终结论”的终结和“社会主义失败论”的失败，为广大发展中国家提供经验借鉴、范例参考和中国智慧，彰显出科学社会主义的强大生命力。

Providing Chinese concepts for the progress and development of human civilization. Drawing the essence of Chinese civilization from fine traditional Chinese culture provides an ideological and cultural foundation for the building of world peace, the alleviation of the global ecological crisis, and the progress and development of human civilization. The peace-oriented ideas in fine traditional Chinese culture, such as “universal love and non-aggression,” [11]11 “Universal love and non-aggression” (兼爱非攻) is a core doctrine of the Mohist school, advocating impartial care for all and opposition to offensive warfare. “amity and good-neighborliness,” [12]12 “Amity and good-neighborliness” (亲仁善邻) is a phrase from the *Zuo Commentary* (《左传》), emphasizing friendly relations with neighboring states. and “harmony is most precious,” [13]13 “Harmony is most precious” (以和为贵) is a Confucian principle from *The Analects* (《论语》), valuing harmony as the highest goal of social relations. offer reference for the cause of world peace; the ecological wisdom of “the benevolent person is one with heaven, earth, and the myriad things” [14]14 “The benevolent person is one with heaven, earth, and the myriad things” (仁者与天地万物为一体) is a Neo-Confucian concept, notably articulated by the Song dynasty thinker Cheng Hao, expressing the unity of humanity and nature. and “use with measure, consume with restraint” [15]15 “Use with measure, consume with restraint” (取之有度、用之有节) is a traditional Chinese ecological ethic, often cited from ancient texts on resource management. contributes to the building of global ecological civilization; and the open and inclusive concepts of “harmonizing all states,” [16]16 “Harmonizing all states” (协和万邦) is a phrase from the *Book of Documents* (《尚书》), describing the ideal of bringing all states into peaceful cooperation. “the Great Harmony under Heaven,” [17]17 “The Great Harmony under Heaven” (天下大同) is a Confucian utopian vision of a perfectly just and harmonious world society, as described in the *Book of Rites* (《礼记》). and “harmony in diversity” [18]18 “Harmony in diversity” (和而不同) is a Confucian principle from *The Analects*, advocating unity without uniformity. lay the cultural-genetic foundation for the pluralistic coexistence of human civilizations.

为人类文明的进步和发展提供中国理念。从中华优秀传统文化中汲取中华文明的精华，为世界和平的建设、全球性生态危机的缓解和人类文明发展进步提供思想文化基础。中华优秀传统文化中“兼爱非攻”“亲仁善邻”“以和为贵”的和平思想为世界和平事业提供借鉴；“仁者与天地万物为一体”“取之有度、用之有节”等生态智慧为全球生态文明建设作出贡献；“协和万邦”“天下大同”“和而不同”等开放包容理念为人类文明的多元共生奠定文脉基因。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Committee of Zhengzhou University)

（作者系郑州大学党委书记）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心