The Rise and Implications of Mao Zedong Thought’s Overseas Influence

From the 1920s to the present, as the theoretical achievement of the first historic leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, Mao Zedong Thought has not only been widely disseminated at home and abroad but has also profoundly influenced the course of world development. Therefore, clarifying the historical trajectory, theoretical value, and practical exploration of the rise of Mao Zedong Thought’s overseas influence, and deeply summarizing its basic experience, holds certain reference value and contemporary significance for enhancing the overseas influence of Chinese theory and Chinese culture in the New Era, strengthening cultural consciousness and confidence in the theory, and increasing the international discursive power of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context.

自20世纪20年代至今，作为马克思主义中国化第一次历史性飞跃的理论成果，毛泽东思想不仅在国内外得到了广泛的传播，而且深刻影响着世界的发展进程。因此，厘清毛泽东思想海外影响力提升的历程脉络、理论价值、实践探索，深刻总结其基本经验，对于在新时代提升中国理论和中国文化海外影响力、增强文化自觉、理论自信以及马克思主义中国化的国际话语权具有一定的参考价值和时代意蕴。

I. The Historical Course of the Rise of Mao Zedong Thought’s Overseas Influence

一、毛泽东思想海外影响力提升的发展历程

The rise of Mao Zedong Thought’s overseas influence has roughly gone through three stages of development: the initial emergence stage, the widespread dissemination stage, and the deep dissemination stage.

毛泽东思想海外影响力提升大致经历了三个发展阶段，即初步兴起阶段、广泛传播阶段、深度传播阶段。

(A) Initial Emergence Stage (Before 1949): Enhancing Overseas Influence through Media and Other Channels

（一）初步兴起阶段（1949年之前）：通过媒体等多渠道提升海外影响力

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought had already gradually begun. However, during the era of revolutionary war, constrained by inconvenient transportation systems, blocked information dissemination, and the strict blockade by imperialism and the Kuomintang reactionaries, the scope of Mao Zedong Thought’s dissemination was limited and had not yet achieved large-scale widespread spread. At this time, international progressive organizations and progressive individuals were the main agents of dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought. Through various media and platforms for people-to-people and cultural exchange, relying on dissemination carriers such as news reports, they initially carried out a series of dissemination activities of Mao Zedong Thought, achieving a certain degree of overseas influence.

在新中国成立之前，毛泽东思想的海外传播历程已经逐步开启，但是，在革命战争年代，受到交通系统不便利、信息传播不畅通的影响以及帝国主义和国民党反动派的严密封锁，毛泽东思想的传播范围具有一定的局限性，尚未实现大规模的广泛传播。此时，国际进步机构和进步人士是毛泽东思想主要的传播主体，他们通过各类媒介和人文交流传播平台，依托新闻报道等传播载体，初步开展了一系列毛泽东思想的传播活动，取得了一定的海外影响力成效。

During the period of the revolutionary War of Resistance, China actively translated Mao Zedong’s works and used them as carriers to actively disseminate Mao Zedong Thought overseas. Xu Mengxiong was the first Chinese to translate Mao Zedong’s works into English, participating in the translation of dozens of works related to Mao Zedong Thought, including *On Protracted War*. The first to introduce Mao Zedong Thought to the world was the Communist International. In 1927, the Russian edition of the *Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan* was published in *The Communist International*, the journal of the Executive Committee of the Communist International; this was the first time a work by Mao Zedong was published abroad. In 1934, the Communist International translated and published the first collection of Mao Zedong’s writings, *Economic Construction and the Campaign to Investigate Land*. The English translation of *Report of Mao Zedong to the Second National Congress of the Soviet Republics* was the earliest single work by Mao Zedong translated and published abroad.[1]1 The Second National Congress of the Soviet Republics was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi, in January 1934, during the period of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937), a state-like entity established by the Chinese Communist Party in its base areas. After 1935, the Chinese Communist Party founded the anti-Japanese national united front publication *Jiu Guo Shi Bao* (National Salvation Times) in Paris, France, which published 13 of Mao Zedong’s works, with a maximum circulation of 20,000 copies, covering over 40 countries and regions.[2]2 *Jiu Guo Shi Bao* (National Salvation Times) was a Chinese-language newspaper published by the Chinese Communist Party in Paris from 1935 to 1938, aimed at promoting the anti-Japanese national united front among overseas Chinese. In 1945, Yan’an printed and published the first English edition of *On Coalition Government*. Due to low material resource levels, the book was typeset by hand and printed on translucent *fenlian* paper. By distributing this book to foreign journalists and Chinese and foreign figures, Mao Zedong Thought and the correct propositions of the Chinese Communist Party embarked on a new journey of overseas dissemination. In 1948, the Russian-language compilation team translated and published the first Russian edition of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, which was widely disseminated in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.[3]3 The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (苏东地区) refers to the Soviet Union and the socialist states of Eastern Europe under its influence during the Cold War. Thus, the dissemination activities of Mao Zedong’s works in some overseas regions began to gradually emerge.

在革命抗战时期，中国通过主动翻译毛泽东著作，以其为载体，向海外积极传播毛泽东思想。许孟雄是最早把毛泽东著作译成英文的中国人，参与翻译《论持久战》等几十篇毛泽东思想相关著作。最早将毛泽东思想介绍给世界人民的是共产国际。1927年，《湖南农民运动考察报告》俄文版在共产国际执委会机关刊物《共产国际》上发表，这是毛泽东著作第一次在国外发表。1934年，共产国际翻译出版第一本毛泽东文集《经济建设与查田运动》。《毛泽东在第二次全国苏维埃代表大会上的报告》英译本，是国外最早翻译出版的毛泽东著作单行本。[1] 1935年以后，中国共产党在法国巴黎创办抗日民族统一战线刊物《救国时报》，刊登了13篇毛泽东的著作，最高时发行2万份，覆盖40多个国家和地区。[2] 1945年，延安印刷出版第一本英文版的《论联合政府》。由于物质资源水平不高，该书为手工检字，由半透明的粉连纸印刷。通过将该书发放给外国记者和中外人士，毛泽东思想和中国共产党的正确主张开启了在海外传播的新征程。1948年，俄文编译小组翻译出版第一套俄文版《毛泽东选集》，在苏东地区广泛传播。[3] 由此，毛泽东著作在海外部分地区的传播活动开始逐步兴起。

At the same time, progressive writers and journalists from some Western countries also actively carried out dissemination activities concerning the Chinese revolutionary cause and the Chinese Communist Party. They came to China to report and conduct research, spreading the story of the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army to the people of various countries around the world, opening the door for Western research on Mao Zedong Thought and promoting its widespread circulation. For example, in 1936, American journalist Edgar Snow visited China’s Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region for nearly four months, objectively recording in vivid and detailed prose what he saw, heard, thought, and felt in the Red revolutionary base areas of Northwest China. His reports published in *Amerasia* and his work *Red Star Over China* not only showed the world the true face of the Chinese Communist Party but also had a profound and extensive impact on enhancing the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought. Subsequently, he continued to explore and report in depth on themes of the Chinese revolution, introducing Mao Zedong’s views on issues such as “the united front and policy questions” from multiple angles, promoting the all-round, three-dimensional, and multi-faceted dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought. Under this influence, more and more Western journalists began to pay attention to the development of the Chinese revolutionary cause, publishing a series of reports, such as *Report from Red China*, effectively enhancing the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought.

与此同时，部分西方国家的进步作家以及新闻记者也积极开展关于中国革命事业、中国共产党的传播活动。他们来到中国进行报道，开展研究，将中国共产党与红军的革命斗争历程传播给世界各国的人民，打开了西方研究毛泽东思想的先河，促进毛泽东思想广为流传。例如，1936年，美国记者埃德加·斯诺访问中国陕甘宁地区，历时近四个月，以翔实生动的笔触客观记录了他在中国西北红色革命根据地的所见所闻和所思所感。其刊发在《美亚》的报道、作品《红星照耀中国》等，不仅向世界展示了中国共产党的真实面貌，而且对于提升毛泽东思想的海外影响力产生了深远且广泛的影响。随后，他围绕中国革命题材继续探索和深度报道，多角度宣介毛泽东有关“统一战线和政策问题”等观点，促进了毛泽东思想全方位、立体化、多维度的传播。在此影响下，越来越多的西方记者开始关注中国革命事业的发展进程，发表了一系列报道，如《来自红色中国的报告》等，有效提升了毛泽东思想的海外影响力。

(B) Widespread Dissemination Stage (1949 to 1978): Systematically Promoting the Overseas Publication and Distribution of Multilingual Editions

（二）广泛传播阶段（1949年至1978年）：系统推进多语种版本的海外出版发行

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, as conditions for the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought became relatively mature, translating, publishing, and distributing works promoting Mao Zedong Thought, such as the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, became an important task in China’s foreign propaganda work. Through planned and organized dissemination, Mao Zedong’s philosophical thought, military thought, and others were widely spread in countries around the world, and their overseas influence gradually increased.

新中国成立之后，随着毛泽东思想海外传播的条件相对成熟，翻译出版、对外发行《毛泽东选集》等宣传毛泽东思想的相关著作，成为新中国对外宣传工作的重要任务。在有计划、有组织的传播过程中，毛泽东的哲学思想、军事思想等在世界各国广泛传播，海外影响力也逐步提升。

From 1949 to 1976, China continuously broke through the economic encirclement and political blockade of hostile Western forces, focusing on key tasks such as policy support, funding guarantees, and organizational and team building, and coordinated the promotion of various tasks for the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought. In 1949, the China International Bookstore (i.e., China International Book Trading Corporation) was established, responsible for exporting Chinese books. In 1950, the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* English Translation Committee (renamed the English Translation Office of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee in July 1951) was established, undertaking the English translation of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*.[4]4 The Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee (中宣部) is the party body responsible for ideological work, propaganda, and cultural affairs. In 1961, the Mao Zedong Works Translation Office was established. In 1966, the Leading Group for the Publication of Mao Zedong’s Works was established. In January 1967, the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* Translation Office under the Foreign Languages Press was established. Through the establishment and improvement of systems and mechanisms for overseas dissemination, the three-dimensional dissemination channels and distribution routes for Mao Zedong Thought and its related works targeting countries around the world began to take shape.

1949年至1976年，中国在西方敌对势力的经济围堵与政治封锁中不断突围，聚焦政策支持、资金保障、组织队伍建设等重点任务，统筹推进毛泽东思想海外传播的各项工作。1949年，中国国际书店（即中国国际图书贸易集团公司）组建，负责对外输出中国图书。1950年，《毛泽东选集》英译委员会（1951年7月更名为中宣部英译室）成立，承担《毛泽东选集》的英译工作。[4] 1961年，毛泽东著作翻译室成立。1966年，毛泽东著作发行领导小组成立。1967年1月，外文出版社所属《毛泽东选集》翻译室成立。通过建立健全海外传播的体制机制，毛泽东思想及其相关著作面向世界各国的立体化传播渠道及经销路径初具规模。

Supported by these systems and mechanisms, the translation and publication of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* were actively carried out. Separate editions of some of Mao Zedong’s works were published successively. The first separate edition was *On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship*, published in four languages: English, French, Russian, and Indonesian. This was followed by the publication of *On Practice* and *On Contradiction*.[5]5 *On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship* (1949) outlines Mao’s theory of the state after the revolution; *On Practice* (1937) and *On Contradiction* (1937) are Mao’s major philosophical works, developing dialectical materialism. After 1949, a total of over 2,000 editions of Mao Zedong’s works in foreign languages were published domestically, accounting for about 84.5% of all foreign-language editions of Mao Zedong’s works. During the 1960s and 1970s, the foreign-language editions of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* (including Volume Five) comprised 18 languages and 48 editions.[6]6 Volume Five of the *Selected Works of Mao Zedong* was published in 1977, covering the period from 1949 to 1957.

在体制机制的支持下，《毛泽东选集》的翻译与出版工作积极开展。毛泽东部分著作的单行本陆续出版。第一个单行本是用英、法、俄、印度尼西亚文等四种语言出版的《论人民民主专政》，随后出版《实践论》和《矛盾论》。[5] 1949年以后，国内出版的毛泽东著作外文版单行本共计2000多种版本，约占整个毛泽东著作外文版的84.5%。20世纪六七十年代，外文版《毛泽东选集》（含第五卷）共有18个文种，48种版本。[6]

In the early 1950s, Mao Zedong Thought was widely disseminated in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, becoming a source of revolutionary and construction experience for many countries in their struggles for national independence. In most countries of the African continent, “People’s Bookstores,” “Star Book and Periodical Agencies,” and “Party Bookstores” sold Mao Zedong’s works year-round. In the early 1970s, communist parties and revolutionary organizations in Latin American countries established book distribution agencies, forming distribution networks. By strengthening cooperation with communist parties and leftist bookstores in Latin American countries, they jointly promoted the distribution of foreign propaganda books and periodicals.

20世纪50年代初期，毛泽东思想在亚、非、拉地区广泛传播，成为许多国家在争取民族独立过程中重点借鉴革命和建设经验的来源。在非洲大陆大部分国家，“人民书店”“星书刊社”“党书店”等常年销售毛泽东著作。70年代初，拉美各国共产党和革命组织建设图书发行机构，形成发行网，其通过加强与拉美国家共产党和左派书店的合作，共同推进外宣书刊的发行工作。

The translation and publication of *Mao Zedong’s Poems* and *Quotations from Chairman Mao* also progressed continuously. In 1959, the English edition of *Mao Zedong’s Poems* (19 poems) was published and distributed worldwide through the International Bookstore. From 1959 to 1963, editions of *Mao Zedong’s Poems* (19 poems) in English, French, Spanish, Dutch, Hindi, and Indonesian, and the French edition of *Mao Zedong’s Poems* (21 poems) were published. As of October 1967, 853 types of Mao Zedong’s works had been translated and published in 65 languages worldwide, among which the translated and published editions of *Quotations from Chairman Mao* totaled 35 versions.[7]7 *Quotations from Chairman Mao* (《毛主席语录》), also known as the “Little Red Book,” was a collection of excerpts from Mao’s speeches and writings, widely distributed during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).

《毛泽东诗词》和《毛主席语录》的翻译与出版工作也不断推进。1959年，英文版《毛泽东诗词》（19首）出版，并通过国际书店向世界各地发行。1959年至1963年，英、法、西、荷、印地、印尼6种文版的《毛泽东诗词》（19首）和法文版《毛泽东诗词》（21首）出版。截至1967年10月，世界各国以65种文字翻译出版毛泽东著作853种，其中，翻译出版的《毛主席语录》共有35种版本。[7]

In the 1960s and 1970s, foreign scholars conducted research around the dialectical character and practical significance of Mao Zedong Thought, deepening its overseas dissemination. For example, *Mao Zedong: Master of Dialectics* (1968) by Grabbam and *Mao Zedong’s Military Dialectics* (1977) by Freiberg of the United States further broadened the field of study on Mao Zedong Thought.

20世纪60—70年代，国外学者围绕毛泽东思想的辩证性特征和实践性意义开展研究，深化了毛泽东思想的海外传播。例如，1968格拉伯曼出版的《毛泽东——辩证法大师》、1977年美国弗赖伯格的《毛泽东的军事辩证法》等，进一步拓宽了毛泽东思想的研究领域。

(3) Stage of Deep Dissemination (1978 to the present): Fully utilizing academic exchange and collaborative research to deepen dissemination

（三）深度传播阶段（1978年至今）：充分利用学术交流和合作研究深化传播

Since reform and opening up, the international and domestic situations have been complex and severe, with increased complexity and uncertainty in the political environment, and the conduct of overseas dissemination work has faced challenges from multiple directions. Against this backdrop, the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought gradually shifted from the fervent climax of the 1960s to calm rationality, and a phenomenon of research fever on Mao Zedong Thought emerged in various foreign countries. During this period, the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought reached its peak. As the level of research continuously broadened, the scale of research gradually expanded, and the depth of dissemination steadily deepened, experts and scholars from around the world deepened their research on Mao Zedong Thought. At this time, research outcomes became richer, and dissemination effects became more pronounced.

改革开放以来，国际和国内的形势复杂严峻，政治环境复杂性和不确定性增加，海外传播工作的开展面临来自多方面的挑战。在此背景下，毛泽东思想海外传播逐步由20世纪60年代左右的狂热高潮转变为平静理性，海外国家纷纷出现毛泽东思想研究热的现象。这一时期，毛泽东思想的海外影响力达到高峰，随着研究层次不断拓宽，研究规模逐步扩大，传播深度持续加深，来自世界各国的专家学者对于毛泽东思想的研究不断深化，此时的研究成果更加丰富，传播效果更为显著。

In terms of the research content of Mao Zedong Thought, although the quantity of overseas dissemination of Mao’s works decreased compared to earlier periods, the influence of the research field continued to expand. Some experts and scholars from various countries conducted concrete and in-depth research and exploration around the macro and micro levels of Mao Zedong Thought, expanding the breadth and depth of research and promoting the enhancement of the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought. At this stage, expert teams represented by those in the United States focused on in-depth research into multiple topics, including the internal connections between Mao Zedong Thought and Marxism-Leninism, traditional Chinese history and culture, and the construction of the new China’s institutional system, deepening the exploration of its practical significance and the effective transformation of research outcomes, gradually shifting the focus to a three-dimensional study of Mao’s theoretical system.

在毛泽东思想的研究内容方面，尽管毛泽东著作海外传播的数量较之前期有所减少，但是在其研究领域的影响力不断扩大。来自世界各国的部分专家学者围绕毛泽东思想的宏观和微观层面展开了具体深入的研究和探索，拓展了研究的广度和深度，促进了毛泽东思想海外影响力的提升。在此阶段，以美国为代表的专家学者团队重点围绕毛泽东思想和马克思列宁主义、中国传统历史文化以及新中国体制构建的内在联系等多个议题进行深入研究，加深了对其实践意义的深度探索和研究成果的有效转化，将关注的焦点逐渐过渡为对毛泽东理论体系的立体化研究。

In terms of the establishment of research institutions on Mao Zedong Thought, with the continuous improvement of systems and mechanisms, the number of overseas research institutions on Mao Zedong Thought increased year by year, and the size of corresponding scholar teams also showed a growth trend, providing strong support and effective guarantees for conducting in-depth research on Mao Zedong Thought. For example, countries such as South Korea and Australia successively established new research centers, while the scope of research on Mao Zedong Thought in countries like the United States and Japan further expanded. Especially after Mao Zedong’s death, scholars opened up entirely new research systems, with topics related to China in particular becoming the focus of research.[8]8 The original text cites a source marked [8], which is retained as a citation marker. In the late 1980s, research on Mao Zedong Thought reached its peak in South Korea. On the one hand, works on Mao Zedong Thought increased substantially; on the other hand, the continuous emergence of translated versions of Mao’s works provided a steady stream of impetus for in-depth research on Mao Zedong Thought in South Korea, effectively promoting its widespread dissemination there.[9]9 The original text cites a source marked [9], which is retained as a citation marker. In Australia, research on Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought gradually entered a deepening stage. Experts and scholars from different fields actively conducted academic research, successively publishing a series of academic works and research outcomes with Mao Zedong Thought as the research theme. Among them, the main representative scholar includes Teiwes. At the same time, with the continuous advancement of research on Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, the overseas research center for Mao Zedong Thought shifted from Europe and the United States to Australia. The Australian academic community engaged in two large-scale debates on Mao Zedong Thought, which became landmark events.[10]10 The original text cites a source marked [10], which is retained as a citation marker.

在毛泽东思想研究机构的建立方面，随着体制机制的不断完善，毛泽东思想的海外研究机构数量逐年增加，相应的学者团队人数也呈现增长态势，为开展毛泽东思想的深入研究提供了有力的支持和有效的保障。例如，韩国、澳大利亚等国纷纷建立新的研究中心，美国、日本等国家对毛泽东思想的研究范围也进一步扩大。尤其在毛泽东逝世后，学者更是开拓了全新的研究体系，特别是关于中国的相关主题成为研究的焦点。[8]20世纪80年代后期，毛泽东思想的研究在韩国达到了高峰，一方面，有关毛泽东思想的著作大幅增加；另一方面，毛泽东著作译本的不断涌现，为毛泽东思想在韩国的深入研究提供了源源不断的动力，有效促进了毛泽东思想在韩国的广泛传播。[9]在澳大利亚，关于毛泽东和毛泽东思想的研究逐步进入深化阶段。来自不同领域的专家学者积极开展学术研究，陆续发表了一系列以毛泽东思想为研究主题的学术论著和研究成果。其中，主要学者代表包括泰维斯等。与此同时，随着对毛泽东及毛泽东思想研究的持续推进，毛泽东思想海外研究中心由欧美转移到澳大利亚。澳洲学术界展开了两次关于毛泽东思想的大规模论战，成为标志性事件。[10]

In summary, after reform and opening up, the focus of overseas dissemination and research on Mao Zedong Thought continuously developed toward deeper stages, with the center of gravity gradually transitioning from the “connotative characteristics of Mao Zedong Thought” to the “theoretical system of Mao Zedong Thought” and the “practical value of Mao Zedong Thought.” This has certain reference significance and value for promoting Western scholars’ understanding of the Chinese and Soviet communist political systems and ideologies, and for enabling the world to better understand China.

总之，在改革开放以后，毛泽东思想海外的传播和研究的重点不断向深层次阶段发展，重心由“毛泽东思想内涵特征”逐步向“毛泽东思想的理论体系”和“毛泽东思想的实践价值”过渡，它对于促进西方学者了解中国和苏联共产主义政治体制和意识形态、让世界更好地了解中国具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。

II. Implications of the Rise of the Overseas Influence of Mao Zedong Thought

二、毛泽东思想海外影响力提升的启示

The development process of the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought profoundly reveals the scientific connotation and essence of the times of Mao Zedong Thought, highlighting its characteristics of thoughtfulness, scientificity, revolutionary nature, and truthfulness, and possessing distinct guiding significance and practical value. Carefully summarizing the typical experience accumulated in its overseas dissemination process, strengthening confidence in the theory, and continuously inheriting and integrating the historical, contemporary, and innovative nature of Chinese theory have certain enlightening significance for innovating the external dissemination strategy of Chinese theory “going global” in the New Era, actively developing cultural diplomacy, and doing a good job in the overseas dissemination of Chinese theory.

毛泽东思想在海外传播的发展历程深刻揭示了毛泽东思想的科学内涵和时代精髓，彰显了其自身思想性、科学性、革命性、真理性等特点，具有鲜明的指导意义和实践价值。认真总结其在海外传播历程中积累的典型经验，坚定理论自信，不断传承并融合发展中国理论的历史性、时代性、创新性，对于新时代创新中国理论“走出去”的对外传播策略、积极发展文化外交、做好中国理论的海外传播工作等具有一定的启示意义。

(1) Dissemination Subjects: Strengthen exchange and cooperation, leverage the breadth of dissemination subjects

（一）传播主体：加强交流合作，发挥传播主体广泛性

In terms of dissemination subjects, it is necessary to strengthen overall coordination, leverage the role of multiple subjects, promote cooperation and exchange between different subjects, and jointly do a good job in all aspects of external dissemination work.

在传播主体方面，要加强统筹协调，发挥多元主体的作用，促进不同主体之间的合作与交流，合力做好对外传播各项工作。

The diversification of external dissemination subjects is specifically manifested in characteristics such as “all-round,” “deep-level,” and “multi-dimensional.” As a cultural act serving the overall national diplomatic strategy, accelerating the overseas dissemination of Chinese theory cannot be separated from top-level design and overall planning at the national level. This needs to be taken as the leading force, strengthening the construction of a financial guarantee system, promoting the formation of a dissemination matrix with multiple subjects working in concert, synthesizing the laws of external dissemination, optimizing agenda setting, enhancing the explanatory power of Chinese theory, and further strengthening the influence, appeal, and impact of China’s international communication. However, facing different international and domestic environmental backgrounds, the process and effects of theoretical dissemination in various countries around the world differ. Taking the multipolar dissemination trend of Mao Zedong Thought in various countries from the 1960s to the 1970s as an example, with the rise of the Third World, Mao Zedong Thought’s statements on supporting Third World countries in their struggle for national independence and liberation became the ideological soil for promoting countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to throw off the yoke of colonialism and strive for national liberation. This historical condition accelerated the substantial rise of the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought. In capitalist countries and regions, with the continuous enrichment of the Mao Zedong Thought system, its practical guiding significance became increasingly apparent. Under the leadership of the national government level, experts and scholars represented by those in the United States conducted multi-field, multi-dimensional, and multi-level research on Mao Zedong Thought, making its viewpoints, positions, and methods deeply rooted in people’s hearts, highlighting its important value implications. In comparison, in certain countries of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, influenced by the needs of local political dissemination, relevant scholars’ research on Mao Zedong Thought carried a strong political color, which was not conducive to playing its positive role. It can be seen that under complex and severe international circumstances, in order to better conduct overseas dissemination and avoid the influence of overseas influence being affected by fluctuations in international political relations and the international situation, it is also necessary to leverage the functions and roles of other diversified dissemination subjects beyond the leadership of the national government, relying on the government, media, enterprises, think tanks, research institutions, and other civil organizations to carry out the dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought, contributing important strength to advancing overseas dissemination work.

对外传播主体的多元化具体表现为“全方位”“深层次”“多维度”等特征。作为服务国家总体外交大局的文化行为，加速推进中国理论的海外传播工作，离不开国家层面进行顶层设计和统筹规划，需要以此为主导，加强财力保障体系的构建，推进形成多元主体协同发力的传播矩阵，综合对外传播规律，优化议题设置，提升中国理论的阐释力，进一步增强我国国际传播的影响力、感召力、感染力。然而，面对国际国内不同的环境背景，世界各国进行理论传播的进程和效果有所差异。以20世纪60年代至70年代毛泽东思想在世界各国的多极化传播趋势为例，随着第三世界的兴起，毛泽东思想中关于支持第三世界国家争取民族独立和解放的谈话等内容成为推动亚非拉等国家摆脱殖民枷锁和争取民族解放的思想土壤，该历史条件加速了毛泽东思想海外影响力的大幅提升。在资本主义国家和地区，随着毛泽东思想体系的不断丰富，其实践指导意义不断显现，在国家政府层面的主导下，以美国为代表的专家学者纷纷开展了毛泽东思想的多领域、多维度、多层面研究，使毛泽东思想的观点、立场、方法深入人心，凸显其重要的价值意蕴。相比而言，在苏联和东欧某些国家，受到当地政治传播需要的影响，相关学者在毛泽东思想的研究过程中带有浓厚的政治色彩，不利于发挥其积极作用。由此可见，在国际形势复杂严峻的情况下，为了更好地开展海外传播，避免海外影响力受到国际政治关系和国际形势起伏变化的影响，还需要发挥国家政府主导以外的其他多元化传播主体的功能和作用，依托政府、媒体、企业、智库、科研单位、其他民间机构等展开毛泽东思想的传播，为推进海外传播工作的开展贡献重要的力量。

Therefore, to address problems such as potentially high risk, low efficiency, and unclear focus that may exist with a single dissemination subject, in the process of promoting Chinese theory “going global,” whether through publication dissemination or other forms of dissemination, while actively leveraging the exemplary role of traditional subjects such as the government, enterprises, and media, attention should also be paid to and the positive role and effective value of various groups such as think tanks, universities, research institutes, and non-governmental organizations should be utilized. On the basis of orderly promoting communication, exchange, and collaborative cooperation among multiple subjects, we should accumulate and cultivate a rich “Chinese civil think tank,” advance theoretical research, leverage synergistic effects, accelerate the deep-level connections of political mutual trust, economic mutual assistance, cultural mutual appreciation, and value identification between China and other countries, and promote the formation of a diversified and integrated development pattern. At the same time, highlight the differences among different dissemination subjects, and through division of labor, collaboration, and mutual supplementation, contribute to telling China’s story well and spreading China’s propositions effectively.

因此，为了解决单一传播主体可能存在的风险性较大、效率较低、重点不突出等问题，在推动中国理论“走出去”的过程中，不论出版物传播还是其他形式的传播，都应在积极发挥政府、企业、媒体等传统主体示范作用的同时，重视并发挥各类智库、高校、科研院所、非政府组织等不同群体的积极作用和有效价值，在有序推动多元主体之间沟通交流、协同合作的基础上，积累并培养丰富的“中国民间智库”，推进理论研究，发挥联动作用，加快推进中国与世界各国之间的政治互信、经济互助、文化互赏、价值认同等深层次勾连，促进形成多样化、一体化的发展格局。与此同时，突出不同传播主体的差异性，通过分工协作、互为补充，为讲好中国故事、传播好中国主张作出贡献。

(II) Communication channels: broaden communication channels and improve the effectiveness of communication mechanisms

（二）传播渠道：拓宽传播渠道，提高传播机制有效性

In terms of communication channels, we must broaden the rich array of external communication channels, improve the effective mechanisms for external communication, and expand and strengthen the overseas circle of friends for the external communication of Chinese theory and Chinese culture.

在传播渠道方面，要拓宽丰富的对外传播渠道，完善对外传播的有效机制，做大做强中国理论和中国文化对外传播的海外朋友圈。

In today’s world, government-led external propaganda work is a bright landscape in the international community. Relying on different communication channels and mechanisms and employing diverse communication strategies and means plays an important role in enabling communication subjects to effectively express their national positions and interest appeals while promoting their own culture. Taking the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought as an example, its communication and promotion channels were mainly based on the external propaganda institutions under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, while extensive collaborative cooperation was carried out with publishing units in target countries according to their actual conditions. In terms of translation and publishing, channel construction, theme planning, and promotion and distribution, the localization of Mao-related works was jointly advanced. Relying on a distribution network centered on book distribution institutions, the overseas communication influence of Chinese-themed books was effectively expanded, enabling people around the world to better understand China.

当今世界，政府主导下的对外宣传工作是国际社会一道亮丽的风景线，依托不同的传播渠道和传播机制，运用多元的传播策略和手段，对于促进传播主体在宣传本国文化的同时有效表达自己的国家立场和利益诉求具有重要作用。以毛泽东思想海外传播为例，其传播推广渠道主要以中国共产党领导下的对外宣传机构为主，同时根据不同国家的实际情况，广泛开展和对象国出版单位的协同合作，在翻译出版、渠道建设、主题策划、推广发行等方面共同推进毛泽东相关著作的本土化落地，依托以图书发行机构为主体的发行网，切实扩大了中国主题图书的海外传播影响力，让世界人民更加了解中国。

In this regard, in the process of promoting Chinese theory to “go global,” attention must be paid to innovation in communication mechanisms and channels. In particular, the advantages of various ideological and cultural fronts such as newspapers, periodicals, radio, and the internet should be leveraged, turning them into important platforms for overseas communication. The previously nearly singular communication channel should be transformed into a multi-channel, multi-level communication system suited to the diverse needs of the public. In the New Era, as information communication methods continue to diversify, technologies such as big data, cloud storage, 5G, and artificial intelligence accelerate the deep integration of media, and emerging media forms and the global communication ecology undergo profound changes. The innovation of communication models centered on “Internet+” points the way for the transformation of external communication channels. Strengthening internet thinking, deepening the application of information technology, and breaking through the integration of media platforms are of positive significance for enhancing the effectiveness of information exchange and increasing overseas communication influence. Therefore, in the process of externally promoting Chinese theory, we must both leverage the advantages of traditional communication methods and integrate the characteristics of new communication channels. Guided by the “Internet + culture” strategy, we should optimize resource allocation, expand the production capacity of high-quality content, accelerate the application of new technologies, and through process optimization and platform reengineering, catalyze integrated qualitative change, amplify the efficiency of integration, and build a three-dimensional and multi-dimensional communication matrix, further consolidating the main front role of externally propagating the Party’s policies, ideology, culture, and theoretical achievements. In exploring channels for exchange and cooperation, we should combine multiple forms such as overseas cooperation channels and cultural exchange activities, actively carry out ideological and cultural exchanges and seminars, consolidate the foundation for external cultural exchanges, actively build cultural communication brands, vigorously implement cultural industry revitalization projects, and innovate and expand the fields of cultural industry. We should implement the strategic requirements of the domestic and international dual circulation, explore and construct new external communication mechanisms and models that conform to the current international development situation, meet the new requirements of China’s international communication work, and follow the basic laws of international communication, forming an international communication network covering major countries and regions worldwide as well as key languages. With the construction of a cadre and talent team as a support point, we should cultivate a group of language translation talents with firm political stances, international perspectives, and international communication capabilities, serving China’s multi-subject, three-dimensional grand external propaganda pattern from multiple dimensions and fields.

对此，在推动中国理论“走出去”的过程中，要注重传播机制和传播渠道的创新。特别要发挥报刊、广播、网络等一系列不同思想文化阵地的优势，将其打造为海外传播的重要平台，由过去近乎单一的传播渠道，改变为多渠道、多层次、适合公众多样需求的传播体系。新时代，随着信息传播方式不断丰富，大数据、云储存、5G、人工智能等技术应用加速推进媒体的深度融合，新兴的媒介形态和全球传播生态发生深刻变革，以“互联网+”为主体的传播模式的创新为对外宣传渠道的转型指明了新的发展方向。强化互联网思维，深化信息化技术应用、打通媒介平台融合，对于提升信息交流的有效性、增强海外传播影响力具有积极的意义。因此，在对外宣传中国理论的进程中，既要发挥传统宣传方式的优势，又要融合新型传播渠道的特色，以“互联网+文化”战略为引领，优化资源配置、扩大优质内容产能、加快新技术应用，通过流程优化、平台再造，催化融合质变，放大一体效能，构建立体多维的传播矩阵，进一步夯实对外宣传党的方针政策、思想文化、理论成果的主阵地作用。在交流合作渠道的探索方面，要结合海外合作渠道、文化交流活动等多元形式，积极开展思想文化交流、研讨活动，夯实对外文化交流基础，积极打造文化传播品牌，大力实施文化产业振兴工程，创新拓展文化产业领域。落实国内国际双循环的战略要求，探索构建顺应当前国际发展形势、契合我国国际传播工作新要求、遵循国际传播基本规律的对外传播新机制和新模式，形成覆盖全球主要国家和地区以及重点语种的国际传播网络，以干部人才队伍建设为支撑点，培养一批政治立场坚定、具有国际视野和国际传播能力的语言翻译人才等，多维度、多领域地服务好我国多主体、立体式的大外宣格局。

(III) Communication content: identify value identification and enhance the targeting of communication content

（三）传播内容：找准价值认同，提升传播内容针对性

In terms of communication content, we must grasp the laws of communication, align with the characteristics of the communication audience, improve the targeting of communication discourse, integrate into local culture, and seek value identification and emotional resonance.

在传播内容方面，要把握传播规律，契合传播受众特点，提高传播话语针对性，融入当地文化，寻求价值认同和情感共振。

As a cross-cultural communication and exchange activity, the overseas dissemination of Chinese theory is characterized by cross-national, cross-ethnic, cross-cultural, and cross-linguistic features. Due to differences in cultural contexts between communication subjects and audiences in different countries, conflicts in thinking patterns, language barriers, and value concepts become unavoidable communication “bottlenecks.” Facing the difficulties and challenges of cross-cultural communication, especially in a complex international public opinion environment, communication subjects need to actively consider the ethnic cultural backgrounds and customs of overseas audiences during the communication process. Combining their cognitive levels, needs, and emotional appeals, they should adopt appropriate communication strategies, techniques, and methods. Relying on cultural communication organizations at various levels across fields, they should deepen the audience’s understanding and identification with Chinese theory in ways that are understandable, easy to grasp, and readily acceptable, achieving a communication effect of “moistening things silently.” [11]11 “Moistening things silently” (润物细无声) is a classical Chinese poetic phrase from Du Fu’s “Spring Night Happy Rain,” often used to describe subtle, gradual influence. Taking the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought as an example, the Chinese government precisely diluted its official character and actively leveraged the role of non-governmental organizations, making international cultural friends and foreign cultural institutions important forces in disseminating Mao Zedong Thought. This broke down cultural communication barriers and obstacles arising from East-West cultural differences, fully grasped the audience’s thinking habits and reception psychology, and allowed Mao Zedong Thought to take root in people’s hearts during the process of “going global.” At the same time, translation plays the role of a “converter” in external communication work. In particular, the translation of political texts has important strategic significance for promoting the effective discourse transformation of Chinese theory in the target language cultural environment and achieving the three-dimensional dissemination of the national image. Taking the dissemination of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong in Japan as an example, its translation process reflected a clear audience awareness. Not only was the text translated three times, but the edition was also split, and some content was abridged. In terms of grammar, sentence structure, and organization, it took into account the cross-cultural context and the reading habits and thinking characteristics of the Japanese people. This approach both resonated with readers and avoided a self-congratulatory tone, achieving positive communication effects.

作为一种跨文化的传播交流活动，中国理论海外传播具有跨国别、跨民族、跨文化、跨语言等特征。由于传播主体和不同国家受众之间存在文化语境的差异，因此，二者在思维模式、语言障碍、价值理念等方面的冲突成为无法避免的传播“瓶颈”。面对跨文化传播的难题和挑战，尤其身处于复杂的国际舆论环境，更需要传播主体在传播过程中主动考虑海外国家受众的民族文化背景和风俗习惯，结合其认知层次、需求程度、情感诉求，采取适合的传播策略、技巧和方法，依托各领域的各层级的文化传播组织机构，以其听得懂、好理解、易接受的方式加深其对中国理论的理解和认同，实现“润物细无声”的传播效果。以毛泽东思想海外传播为例，我国政府正是通过淡化官方色彩，积极发挥民间组织机构的作用，让国际文化友人和国外文化机构成为传播毛泽东思想的重要力量，打破文化传播壁垒以及东西方文化差异的障碍，充分把握受众的思维习惯和接受心理，让毛泽东思想在“走出去”的过程中深入人心。与此同时，翻译在对外传播工作中具有“转换器”的作用。特别是政论性文本的翻译，对于推动中国理论在译语文化环境中实现有效的话语转化，实现国家形象的立体化传播，都具有重要的战略意义。以《毛泽东选集》在日本的传播为例，其在翻译过程中体现了鲜明的受众意识，不仅文字翻译达到三次，更对版本进行了拆分，对部分内容进行简缩，在语法、句式和结构等方面兼顾跨文化语境和该国民众的阅读习惯和思维特点，这样既能够引起读者的共鸣，又避免了自夸色彩，取得了积极的传播效果。

Thus, in promoting Chinese theory to “go global,” on the one hand, we must enhance the targeting and effectiveness of communication content. Based on strengthening cooperation with relevant organizations and institutions in target countries, and combining the cultural backgrounds, reading habits, and value needs of local readers, we should adopt diverse modes of expression, effectively connect and transform China’s external discourse system, and make authentic, close, and substantial content choices, topic settings, and narrative styles take root in people’s hearts. We should continuously deepen theoretical armament in the New Era, making the form and content of communication more grounded, and enhancing the precision and effectiveness of external communication. On the other hand, we must fully leverage the important role of translation in constructing China’s external discourse system. In the process of translating and externally disseminating China’s leaders’ works, political texts, and political discourse, we should take the construction of a high-end translation talent team as a carrier, focus on publicizing and interpreting Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, strengthen the internationalization, standardization, and unification of translation language expression, and achieve the global, regional, and segmented expression of Chinese discourse. We should establish the international image of the century-old Party in its prime and enhance China’s discourse power and influence in the international community.

由此可见，推动中国理论“走出去”，一方面，要提升传播内容的针对性和实效性，以加强同对象国相关组织和机构的合作为基础，结合当地读者的文化背景、阅读习惯和价值需求，采取多样化的表达方式，做好中国对外话语体系的对接和转化，让真实、贴近、充实的内容选择、议题设置和叙事风格深入人心，不断深化新时代的理论武装，使传播的形式和内容更接地气，增强对外传播的精准化和有效性。另一方面，要充分发挥翻译在中国对外话语体系建构中的重要作用。在对我国领袖著作、政论性著作、政治话语文本进行翻译以及对外传播的过程中，要以高端翻译人才队伍的建设为载体，以宣传阐释习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心，加强翻译语言表达的国际化、标准化和统一化，做好中国话语的全球化表达、区域化表达、分众化表达，树立好百年大党风华正茂的国际形象，增强我国在国际社会的话语权和影响力。

(IV) Communication methods: innovate expression carriers and enhance the diversity of communication methods

（四）传播方式：创新表达载体，增强传播方式多样性

In terms of communication methods, we must flexibly apply strategies, innovate methods and approaches, select appropriate communication carriers, actively develop cultural diplomacy, enhance the soft power of Chinese culture, promote Chinese theory to “go global,” and comprehensively improve communication effectiveness.

在传播方式方面，要灵活运用策略，创新方式方法，选准传播载体，积极发展文化外交，增强中华文化软实力，推动中国理论“走出去”，全面提升传播效果。

Culture is a resource; confidence in one’s culture is an important product of cultural consciousness and practical consciousness. In the historical process of China’s internal affairs and diplomacy, the deep genetic characteristics of Chinese culture have always demonstrated a powerful endogenous driving force and spiritual strength, becoming the living source for strengthening exchanges, enhancing feelings, and deepening cooperation. Looking back at history, Chinese culture has innovated in development, enriched itself in integration, and transformed itself in collision. It has both fully tapped its own cultural characteristics and drawn inspiration from the cultures of other countries, thereby continuously enriching, developing, and enduring to this day. People-to-people and cultural exchanges, using culture as a vehicle, with their characteristics of openness, breadth, inclusiveness, and durability, have contributed positively to promoting mutual learning among civilizations, people-to-people bonds, and narrowing the psychological distance between communicators and audiences, helping to realize the “going global” of Chinese culture. As China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence continue to grow, the overseas influence of Mao Zedong Thought has steadily increased. The reason for this cannot be separated from the strong support of China’s national cultural soft power. In an open, inclusive, harmonious, and symbiotic soft cultural environment, optimizing and innovating the platforms and vehicles for Sino-foreign people-to-people and cultural exchanges has not only strengthened the foundation for mutual understanding, trust, and identification between countries and their peoples but has also actively shaped the national image in the process of promoting the “going global” of Chinese theory, disseminated China’s voice, and helped tell China’s story well. Therefore, when disseminating content at the level of political ideology overseas, in the face of resistance from foreign publics to the export of foreign culture and communication bottlenecks, it is even more necessary to leverage the role of culture as a “soft power” on the basis of following the laws of communication, enriching communication forms, and selecting appropriate communication channels. This involves reshaping the communication system, innovating communication methods, and optimizing communication carriers, so as to both exploit the advantages of cultural genes and highlight their distinct contemporary value, making the disseminated content easier to accept, understand, and absorb, thereby achieving positive communication effects. Taking the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought as an example, works that showcase China’s cultural soft power, including books, calligraphy, paintings, and photography that elucidate Chinese culture, complement Mao Zedong’s writings, enriching a diverse and mutually reinforcing cultural dissemination subject. It can be said that the positive effects achieved by the series of works on Mao Zedong Thought in the process of overseas dissemination not only reflect the governance wisdom of the Party Central Committee but also help realize the use of culture to convey the Way, transmit the voice, and transform the people [12]12 The phrase “以文载道、以文传声、以文化人” (use culture to convey the Way, transmit the voice, and transform the people) is a set of parallel expressions in Chinese political discourse, emphasizing the role of culture in carrying ideological content, disseminating messages, and educating or shaping people.. This has injected lasting momentum into the deepening development of China’s cultural diplomacy and helped enhance China’s international communication influence and the appeal of Chinese culture.

文化是一种资源，文化自信是文化自觉、实践自觉的重要产物。在中国内政外交的历史进程中，中华文化深厚的基因特质始终彰显强大的内生动力和精神力量，成为加强交流、增进感情、深化合作的源头活水。回溯历史，中华文化在发展中创新，在融合中丰富，在碰撞中转化，既充分挖掘本国文化特质，又从他国文化中接受启发，由此不断丰富发展、绵延至今。以文化为载体的人文交流活动以其开放性、广泛性、包容性、持久性的特征，为促进文明互鉴、民心相通、拉近传播主体和受众心理距离贡献了积极的作用，助力推动实现中华文化“走出去”。随着我国综合国力和国际影响力的不断增强，毛泽东思想海外影响力持续提升，究其原因，离不开我国国家文化软实力的强大支撑。在开放包容、和谐共生的文化软环境中，优化并创新中外人文交流的平台和载体，不仅增强了国家及民众之间相互理解、信任、认同的基础，更在推动中国理论“走出去”的进程中积极塑造了国家形象，传播了中国声音，助力讲好中国故事。因此，在海外传播政治意识形态层面的内容时，面对来自他国民众对于外来文化输出的抵触心理和传播瓶颈，更需要在遵循传播规律、丰富传播形式、选准传播渠道的基础上，发挥文化的“软力量”的作用，重塑传播体系、创新传播方式、优化传播载体，既发挥文化基因的优势，又凸显其鲜明的时代价值，让传播内容更容易被接受、理解、吸纳，取得积极的传播效果。以毛泽东思想海外传播为例，彰显我国文化软实力的作品，包括阐释中华文化的图书、字画、摄影等内容，与毛泽东著作互为补充，丰富了形式多元、相得益彰的文化传播主体。可以说，毛泽东思想的系列著作在海外传播过程中取得的积极效果，不仅体现了党中央的执政智慧，同时也助力实现以文载道、以文传声、以文化人，为我国文化外交的深化发展注入了持久的动力，助力提升我国国际传播影响力和中华文化感召力。

In the future, in the process of promoting the “going global” of Chinese theory, optimization and innovation of communication methods are indispensable. Among the diverse communication subjects covered by globalized world, it is necessary to leverage the positive role of cultural activities in the process of ideological dissemination. Taking a community with a shared future for mankind as the foothold, we should build a deep-seated global theoretical communication system centered on “difference” and “dialogue.” Within the relationship of “harmony in diversity” [13]13 “和而不同” (harmony in diversity) is a classical Confucian concept from the Analects, meaning harmonious coexistence while respecting differences., we should innovate theoretical communication platforms, using cultural exchange activities as vehicles, and employing new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that integrate Chinese and foreign elements, to comprehensively advance the path realization and effective expression of the globalization of Chinese theory.

未来，在推动中国理论“走出去”的过程中，离不开传播方式的优化和创新。在由世界全球化覆盖的多元传播主体中，要发挥文化活动在意识形态传播过程中的积极作用，以“人类命运共同体”为立足点，构建以“差异”和“对话”为着力点的深层次全球理论传播体系，在“和而不同”的关系中，创新理论传播平台，以文化传播活动为载体，用融通中外的新概念、新范畴、新表述，全面推进中国理论全球化传播的路径实现和有效表达。

III. Conclusion

三、结语

Practice has proven that in the New Era, in the process of enhancing the overseas influence of Chinese theory and Chinese culture, relying on the continuous improvement of national cultural “soft power,” actively conducting cultural diplomacy, establishing mutual knowledge and mutual trust between countries, and promoting friendly exchanges and common development among the peoples of various countries can not only effectively expand the diverse channels for the international community to understand and comprehend China but also have important strategic significance for shaping a positive national image, creating a favorable international public opinion environment, helping to realize the country’s long-term goals, and enhancing the country’s international influence and status. As an important component of China’s overall diplomatic undertaking, the deepening development of cultural diplomacy cannot be separated from the support and guarantee of “hard power” such as politics, economy, science and technology, and military affairs. On the basis of China’s “hard power” continuously enhancing its overseas influence, taking a global perspective, focusing on the competition of comprehensive national strength between countries, and insisting on combining the essence of one’s own culture with the specific practices of the cultural input location have a positive impact on promoting Chinese culture “going global.”

实践证明，新时代，在提升中国理论和中国文化海外影响力的过程中，依托国家文化“软实力”的不断提升，积极开展文化外交，建立国家之间的互识和互信，推动各国人民之间的友好交流和共同发展，不仅可以有效拓展国际社会认识和理解中国的多元渠道，而且对于塑造积极的国家形象、营造有利的国际舆论环境、助力实现国家的长远目标、提升国家的国际影响力和国际地位等都具有重要的战略意义。作为我国总体外交事业的重要组成部分，文化外交的深化发展，离不开政治、经济、科技、军事等“硬实力”的支撑和保障。在我国“硬实力”不断提升海外影响力的基础上，立足全球视野，着眼于国家之间综合国力的竞争，坚持将本国文化精髓与文化输入地的具体实践相结合，对于推动中国文化“走出去”具有积极影响。

The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century. Exchanges between countries in the fields of politics, economy, science and technology, and culture are becoming increasingly extensive, and the trend of integration is gradually emerging. Therefore, in the process of developing China’s cultural diplomacy, it is necessary to proceed from a global perspective, take the concept of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for a New Era as the core, aim to enhance the overseas influence of Chinese theory, coordinate with the goals of China’s economic diplomacy and political diplomacy, create a favorable environment for China’s economic development and political stability, promote the formation of a diplomatic landscape for the New Era, better promote Chinese theory and Chinese culture “going global,” enable overseas audiences to better understand and grasp the core connotations and global significance of China’s stories and concepts, and make greater contributions to telling China’s story well to the world, disseminating China’s voice well, and shaping and disseminating the national image of China in the New Era.

当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，各国之间的政治、经济、科技、文化等领域的交流日益广泛，融合趋势逐步显现。因此，发展我国文化外交的过程中，要从全球视角出发，以新时代中国特色大国外交理念为核心，以提升中国理论海外影响力为目标，配合我国经济外交、政治外交的目标，为中国经济发展、政治稳定创造良好的环境，促进形成新时代外交格局，更好地推动中国理论和中国文化“走出去”，使海外受众更好地理解和把握中国故事和中国理念的核心内涵和世界意义，为向世界讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音，塑造和传播新时代中国国家形象作出更大的贡献。

(Author’s bio: Ding Yi, Deputy Director of the Survey and Evaluation Research Center, Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies)

（作者简介：丁一，当代中国与世界研究院调查与评价研究中心副主任）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心