Guiding the Practice of Reform and Opening Up in the New Era with a Grand Historical Perspective

The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, convened in 1978, inaugurated the great journey of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The history and practice of the 45 years since reform and opening up have fully demonstrated that reform and opening up was a great awakening of the Party, a crucial move that determined the fate of contemporary China and achieved the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that the entire Party must be educated and guided to bear in mind the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world, to establish a grand historical perspective, to analyze the mechanisms of evolution, explore historical laws, and propose corresponding strategic responses from the long river of history, the tide of the times, and the global situation, thereby enhancing the systematic, forward-looking, and creative nature of work. Establishing and applying a grand historical perspective to understand and grasp the history of reform and opening up holds significant ideological guiding significance for enhancing historical consciousness, strengthening historical confidence, and advancing comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up in the New Era with a spirit of historical initiative.

1978年召开的党的十一届三中全会开启了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大征程。改革开放45年来的历史与实践已充分表明，改革开放是党的一次伟大觉醒，是决定当代中国命运、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键一招。习近平总书记指出，要教育引导全党胸怀中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，树立大历史观，从历史长河、时代大潮、全球风云中分析演变机理、探究历史规律，提出因应的战略策略，增强工作的系统性、预见性、创造性。树立和运用大历史观理解和把握改革开放史，对于增强历史自觉、坚定历史自信，以历史主动精神推进新时代全面深化改革开放具有重要的思想指导意义。

I. The Foundation for Understanding and Grasping the History of Reform and Opening Up with a Grand Historical Perspective

一、以大历史观理解和把握改革开放史的基础

Adhering to Marxist historical materialism and a correct view of Party history is the foundation for establishing a grand historical perspective. Historical materialism is the fundamental method for Chinese Communists to understand and grasp history. Historical materialism emphasizes a series of viewpoints, including that the interaction and mutual constraint between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure, govern the entire process of social development, scientifically elucidating the laws of human social development. The history since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, fully demonstrates the process in which the Party has led the people to continuously liberate and develop social productive forces and to continuously improve the superstructure to meet the development requirements of the economic base. This is a vivid practice and creative embodiment of historical materialism, a true manifestation of the Party using historical materialism to grasp the objective laws of Chinese social development and to continuously achieve victories in the cause of the Party and the people. A correct view of Party history is a perspective that takes historical materialism as its theoretical foundation and, based on the Party’s three historical resolutions [1]1 The three historical resolutions refer to the "Resolution on Certain Historical Questions" adopted at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in 1945, the "Resolution on Certain Historical Questions of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1981, and the "Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century" adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee in 2021. and the spirit of the Party Central Committee, understands and treats the Party’s history over more than one hundred years. Its key lies in adhering to the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, accurately grasping the themes, main lines, mainstream essence of Party history development, correctly understanding and scientifically evaluating major events, important meetings, and key figures in Party history, treating some major issues in Party history with a factual approach, and clearly opposing historical nihilism. Treating the history of reform and opening up with a grand historical perspective means understanding and grasping it within a broader spatial and temporal dimension, based on historical materialism and a correct view of Party history.

坚持马克思主义唯物史观和正确党史观是树立大历史观的基础。唯物史观是中国共产党人认识把握历史的根本方法。唯物史观强调的包括生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑相互作用、相互制约从而支配着整个社会发展进程等一系列观点，科学阐释了人类社会发展规律。新中国成立以来尤其是改革开放以来的历史，充分显示了党领导人民不断解放和发展社会生产力、不断完善上层建筑以适应经济基础发展要求的进程，是唯物史观的生动实践和创造性体现，是党运用历史唯物主义把握中国社会发展客观规律、推动党和人民事业不断取得胜利的真实展现。正确党史观是以唯物史观为理论基础、以党的三个历史决议和党中央精神为基本依据来认识和对待一百多年来党的历史的观点，其关键在于坚持实事求是的思想路线，准确把握党史发展的主题主线、主流本质，正确认识和科学评价党史上的重大事件、重要会议、重要人物，实事求是看待党史上的一些重大问题，旗帜鲜明反对历史虚无主义等。以大历史观对待改革开放史，是以唯物史观和正确党史观为基础，将改革开放史放入更加宽广的时空维度去认识和把握。

The Party Central Committee’s summary of the glorious journey, great achievements, and valuable experiences of reform and opening up is a condensation of historical laws. Understanding history to guide the present, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to summarizing the historical experience of reform and opening up along the path of its advancement. The key points of the socialist modernization path gradually established by the Party after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, as summarized in the Party’s second historical resolution in 1981, demonstrated the historical initiative and consciousness in condensing the experience of reform and opening up. Subsequently, reports to successive National Congresses of the Party have, to varying degrees, reviewed and summarized the course of reform and opening up, and on the basis of these summaries, provided theoretical elaborations. On the 20th and 30th anniversaries of the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, the Party Central Committee comprehensively summarized the achievements and experiences of the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. In 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up provided a systematic summary, while the Party’s third historical resolution further generalized and refined these previous summaries and conclusions. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the study and education of the history of reform and opening up, placing it alongside the history of the Party, the history of New China, and the history of socialist development as an important component of normalizing and institutionalizing ideal and belief education. The expression of the “five histories,” [2]2 The "five histories" refers to the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation. which includes the history of the development of the Chinese nation, highlights the organic connections between the history of reform and opening up and other histories, embodying the understanding and grasp of the historical stages, historical orientation, and driving forces of the history of reform and opening up from a grand historical perspective.

党中央对改革开放光辉历程、伟大成就和宝贵经验的总结是对历史规律的凝练。知史以鉴今，党中央在改革开放的前进道路上高度重视总结改革开放的历史经验。1981年党的第二个历史决议中所总结的十一届三中全会后党逐步确立的社会主义现代化建设道路的要点，展现了凝练改革开放经验的历史主动性与自觉性。之后历次党的全国代表大会报告中或多或少都回顾总结了改革开放的历程，并在总结基础上进行了理论性阐述。在党的十一届三中全会召开20周年、30周年时党中央都对改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的成就和经验进行了全面总结。2018年习近平总书记在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的重要讲话更是作了系统总结，而党的第三个历史决议又在之前的总结和结论基础上进行了概括和提炼。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视改革开放史的学习教育，将改革开放史与党史、新中国史、社会主义发展史并列，作为推动理想信念教育常态化制度化的重要内容。加上中华民族发展史的“五史”表达，突出了改革开放史与其他各史之间的有机联系，是以大历史观理解和把握改革开放史的历史阶段、历史方位、发展动力的体现。

II. The Key to Grasping the History of Reform and Opening Up with a Grand Historical Perspective Lies in Properly Grasping Its Theme and Main Line

二、以大历史观把握改革开放史关键在于把握好主题主线

Properly grasp the theme of the history of reform and opening up. In his important speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that over the 40 years of reform and opening up, the theme of all our Party’s theories and practices has been upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, Chinese Communists with Comrades Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao as their main representatives united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to initiate, uphold, defend, and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to profoundly answer the major contemporary question of what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop it, creating great transformations in the first decade of the New Era. Whether viewed from the perspective of 500 years of world socialism or from the perspective of the historical development of Chinese society, socialism with Chinese characteristics not only adheres to the fundamental principles of scientific socialism but also possesses endogenous Chinese characteristics and features of the times. Only socialism can save China, and only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China—this has been fully proven by history and reality. Properly grasping the theme of socialism with Chinese characteristics requires accurately understanding the developmental trajectory and basic nature of the path, theoretical system, institutions, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the history of reform and opening up. It is necessary to remember that upholding the Party’s overall leadership is the essential path for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to firmly grasp the correct direction for advancing reform and opening up.

把握好改革开放史的主题。习近平总书记在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的重要讲话中指出，改革开放40年来，我们党全部理论和实践的主题是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。党的十一届三中全会以后，以邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛同志为主要代表的中国共产党人团结带领全党全国各族人民开创、坚持、捍卫、发展中国特色社会主义。党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民深刻回答了新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义这个重大时代课题，创造了新时代十年的伟大变革。无论是从世界社会主义500年视野来看，还是从中国社会历史发展视野来看，中国特色社会主义既坚持了科学社会主义基本原则，也有内生性的中国特色和时代特征。只有社会主义才能救中国、只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国已得到历史和现实的充分证明。把握好中国特色社会主义这一主题，要求从改革开放史中准确把握中国特色社会主义道路、理论体系、制度和文化的发展脉络、基本性质，要牢记坚持党的全面领导是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路，牢牢把握正确的改革开放前进方向。

Properly grasp the main line of theoretical innovation. Having the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the fundamental basis for the Party to grasp historical initiative. Forty-five years ago, the great discussion on the criterion of truth restored the Party’s Marxist ideological line, which became the ideological precursor to reform and opening up. The Party has adhered to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, continuously advancing theoretical innovation in light of new practices, and being adept at using new theories to guide new practices. The history of reform and opening up is also the history of the Party continuously adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times and continuously opening up new realms for the development of Marxism. In the process of promptly answering the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, the Party established and formed the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. After the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Marxism of contemporary China and the Marxism of the 21st century, was established, achieving a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. It is necessary to grasp the worldview and methodology of the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, to uphold and apply the positions, viewpoints, and methods that run through them, to adhere to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, and being pragmatic and realistic, to grasp the “Six Musts,” [3]3 The "Six Musts" (六个必须坚持) refers to six principles that must be upheld in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era: putting the people first, maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance, upholding integrity and innovation, adhering to a problem-oriented approach, applying a systems perspective, and embracing a global vision. and to continuously advance the Party’s theoretical innovation through the Two Integrations, thereby better guiding the practice of reform and opening up in the New Era.

把握好理论创新的主线。拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是党把握历史主动的根本所在。45年前，关于真理标准问题的大讨论恢复了党的马克思主义思想路线，这成为改革开放的思想先导。党坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，结合新的实践不断推进理论创新、善于用新的理论指导新的实践。改革开放的历史，也是党不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化、不断开辟马克思主义发展新境界的历史，在及时回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问的过程中，创立和形成了包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观在内的中国特色社会主义理论体系；党的十八大之后，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想这一当代中国马克思主义、21世纪马克思主义，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。要把握好马克思主义中国化时代化最新成果的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实，把握好“六个必须坚持”，以“两个结合”不断推进党的理论创新，更好指导新时代改革开放实践。

Grasp the historical orientation of reform and opening up. The 45-year history of reform and opening up is both a magnificent component of the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of socialist development, and the history of the Chinese nation’s development, and it possesses its own independent special status. From the dimension of Party history, the Party’s history is the history of the Party leading the people in revolution, construction, reform, and forging ahead in the New Era; within the more than one hundred years of Party history, the history of reform and opening up accounts for 45 years and continues to unfold simultaneously. From the dimension of the history of New China, the theoretical achievements, institutional creations, and construction accomplishments attained from the founding of New China to 1978 laid the ideological, material, and institutional foundations for reform and opening up; the historical periods before and after reform and opening up form an integrated whole, not mutually severed or fundamentally opposed. A basic thread in the history of New China is the modernization of the country; in this sense, it is precisely reform and opening up that has provided continuously improving institutional guarantees and an inexhaustible driving force for Chinese-path modernization. From the dimension of the history of socialist development, the socialism with Chinese characteristics inaugurated by reform and opening up is the dialectical unity of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of Chinese social development; it adheres to the fundamental principles of scientific socialism while endowing them with distinctive Chinese characteristics according to the conditions of the era, thereby granting scientific socialism a new epochal connotation. From the dimension of the history of the Chinese nation’s development, reform and opening up is a great revolution in the history of the development of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation; advancing the cause of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics is listed alongside the founding of the Communist Party of China and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China as one of the three major historical events in China since the May Fourth Movement [4]4 The May Fourth Movement (1919) was an anti-imperialist, anti-feudal cultural and political movement initiated by Chinese intellectuals and students, often regarded as the starting point of the New Democratic Revolution in modern Chinese history., and as one of the three milestones in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in modern times. Therefore, within the perspective of the “Five Histories” [5]5 The “Five Histories” refer to the history of the CPC, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the Chinese nation’s development., a dialectical attitude and systematic thinking must be adopted to understand and treat the 45 years of reform and opening up.

把握好改革开放史的方位。改革开放45年的历史，既是党史、新中国史、社会主义发展史、中华民族发展史中波澜壮阔的组成部分，又有自身独立的特殊地位。从党史维度来看，党的历史是党领导人民进行革命、建设、改革和奋进新时代的历史，百余年党史中改革开放史就占了45年，并且仍然在同步延续。从新中国史维度来看，新中国成立到1978年前所取得的理论成果和创制、建设成就为改革开放奠定了思想、物质和制度基础，改革开放前和改革开放后的历史时期是一个整体，并非彼此割裂和根本对立。新中国史一条基本线索是国家的现代化，在这个意义上，正是改革开放为中国式现代化提供了不断完善的制度保障和源源动力。从社会主义发展史的维度来看，改革开放所开创的中国特色社会主义是科学社会主义理论逻辑和中国社会发展历史逻辑的辩证统一，既坚持了科学社会主义基本原则，又根据时代条件赋予其鲜明的中国特色，从而赋予科学社会主义崭新的时代内涵。从中华民族发展史角度来看，改革开放是中国人民和中华民族发展史上一次伟大革命，推进改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业与建立中国共产党、成立中华人民共和国并列于五四运动以来我国发生的三大历史性事件之一、近代以来实现中华民族伟大复兴的三大里程碑之一。因此，要在“五史”视域中采取辩证态度和系统思维来认识和对待改革开放45年。

Grasp the relationship between China and the world since reform and opening up. More than 40 years ago, with the increase in external exchanges and the Party’s understanding of the processes of world economic, scientific, and technological development, the Party, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the global situation, drew back the historical curtain of reform and opening up. This greatly stimulated the vitality of China’s socialist modernization and profoundly influenced the course of world historical development; in particular, the path of Chinese-path modernization that emerged provided new options for humanity’s realization of modernization, thereby expanding the dimension of human civilization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [6]6 The 18th National Congress of the CPC, held in 2012, marked the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership., China has implemented a more proactive opening-up strategy, comprehensively advanced major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and continuously demonstrated the responsibility of a major country; China’s international influence, appeal, and shaping power have significantly improved. The history of reform and opening up is a concentrated expression of the Party’s global vision and world perspective over a historical period.

把握好改革开放以来中国与世界的关系。40多年前，随着对外交往的增加以及党对世界经济科技发展进程的了解，党在对世界大势作出科学判断的基础上拉开了改革开放的历史大幕。这极大激发了中国社会主义现代化建设的活力，也深刻影响了世界历史发展进程，尤其是走出来的中国式现代化道路为人类实现现代化提供了新的选择，从而在人类文明维度上进行了拓展。党的十八大以来，中国实行了更加积极主动的开放战略，全面推进中国特色大国外交，推动构建人类命运共同体，不断展现负责任大国担当，我国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力显著提升。改革开放史是党的胸怀天下与世界眼光在历史时段上的集中体现。

III. Guiding the Practice of Reform and Opening Up in the New Era with a Grand Historical Perspective

三、以大历史观指导新时代改革开放实践

Understand the continuity of reform and opening up in the New Era. Reform and opening up in the New Era is a component of the continuously unfolding history of reform and opening up, possessing a logic of continuity at the historical, theoretical, and practical levels. Continuity is embodied in advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has unswervingly held high the banner of reform and opening up, unswervingly adhered to the theories, lines, principles, and policies since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee [7]7 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, held in 1978, initiated the policy of reform and opening up under Deng Xiaoping., treated reform and opening up with a historical materialist attitude that it is always ongoing and never completed, made comprehensively deepening reform a major strategic deployment for the cause of the Party and the state, and achieved the great transformation of the New Era over the past decade, which is of milestone significance in the history of reform and opening up. The 20th National Congress of the CPC [8]8 The 20th National Congress of the CPC, held in 2022, set the strategic direction for the next five years and beyond. outlined the grand blueprint for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and also demonstrated the initiative and self-awareness of persisting in deepening reform and opening up in the New Era. Continuity is embodied in upholding that the masses of the people are the subjects of history. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “Many things in reform and opening up were proposed by the masses in their practice.” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The people are the creators of history and are the true heroes.” Reform and opening up in the New Era adheres to a people-centered approach and consistently upholds the people’s standpoint as its fundamental stance. Continuity is embodied in the fact that China is a large developing country and the basic national condition of still being in the primary stage of socialism has not changed. This is an inevitable conclusion of scientifically grasping the general trends of today’s world and contemporary China’s development through a grand historical perspective; we must maintain historical sobriety, adhere to a systematic approach, regard persisting in deepening reform and opening up as a major principle that must be firmly grasped on the path forward for Chinese-path modernization, deeply advance reform and innovation, and unswervingly expand opening up.

理解新时代改革开放的一贯性。新时代改革开放是不断延续的改革开放史中的组成部分，具有历史、理论与实践层面的一贯性逻辑。一贯性体现在推进和拓展中国式现代化。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚定不移高举改革开放的旗帜，坚定不移坚持党的十一届三中全会以来的理论和路线方针政策，以只有进行时、没有完成时的历史唯物主义态度来对待改革开放，将全面深化改革作为党和国家事业的重大战略部署，实现了在改革开放史中具有里程碑意义的新时代十年伟大变革。党的二十大描绘了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图，也展现了新时代坚持深化改革开放的主动与自觉。一贯性体现在坚持人民群众是历史主体。正如邓小平指出的：“改革开放中许许多多的东西，都是群众在实践中提出来的。”习近平总书记指出：“人民是历史的创造者，是真正的英雄。”新时代改革开放坚持以人民为中心，始终坚持人民立场这一根本立场。一贯性体现在我国是一个发展中大国，仍处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变。这是运用大历史观科学把握当今世界与当代中国发展大势的必然结论，我们要保持历史清醒，坚持系统观念，将坚持深化改革开放作为中国式现代化前进道路上必须牢牢把握的重大原则，深入推进改革创新，坚定不移扩大开放。

Ground in the particularity of reform and opening up in the New Era. Under the premise of continuity, reform and opening up in the New Era, based on the new historical juncture of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the New Era, possesses particularity. At this new historical juncture, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development; reform and opening up in the New Era must revolve around resolving this principal contradiction. Under new historical conditions, a series of new contradictions and challenges have arisen due to changes in the domestic and international environment, especially deep-seated contradictions and problems that have long remained unresolved in domestic reform, development, and stability, as well as newly emerging contradictions and problems; reform and opening up in the New Era has new connotations and characteristics, among which a very important point is that the weight of institutional construction has increased, reform has entered a critical period and deep-water zone, confronting deep-seated institutional and mechanistic issues, requiring higher demands for top-level design of reform, stronger demands for the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform, and heavier tasks for establishing rules and regulations and building systems. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee [9]9 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, held in 2013, adopted the decision on comprehensively deepening reform. proposed the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, achieving a transformation from partial exploration and breaking through ice to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening, creating a new situation for China’s reform and opening up, and possessing epoch-making historical significance. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee [10]10 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, held in 2019, focused on the modernization of the national governance system. made an overall plan for upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The 20th National Congress of the CPC further emphasized persisting in deepening reform and opening up, better transforming China’s institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness, and set the goals and tasks for reform and opening up to take new steps in the future. Reform and opening up in the New Era demonstrates the Party’s political courage, scientific methodology, and world perspective, which must also be upheld in the future.

立足新时代改革开放的特殊性。在一贯性前提下，新时代改革开放基于中国特色社会主义进入新时代的新的历史方位，因而有特殊性。在新的历史方位下，我国社会主要矛盾转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，新时代改革开放要围绕解决这一主要矛盾而展开。在新的历史条件下，由于国内外环境变化而带来了一系列新的矛盾和挑战，尤其是国内改革发展稳定面临不少长期没有解决的深层次矛盾和问题以及新出现的矛盾和问题，新时代改革开放有着新的内涵和特点，其中很重要的一点就是制度建设分量更重，改革进入了攻坚期和深水区，面对的是深层次体制机制问题，对改革顶层设计的要求更高，对改革的系统性、整体性、协同性要求更强，建章立制、构建体系的任务更重。党的十八届三中全会提出了全面深化改革总目标，实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，开创了我国改革开放新局面，具有划时代的历史意义。党的十九届四中全会对坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化作出总体擘画。党的二十大进一步强调坚持深化改革开放，把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能，并确定未来改革开放迈出新步伐的目标任务。新时代改革开放展现了党的政治勇气、科学的方法论与世界眼光，这也是未来所必须坚持的。

Grasp the global nature of reform and opening up in the New Era. Openness brings progress, while closure inevitably leads to backwardness—this is a historical lesson. Against the backdrop of the current accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century and the intertwining and accumulation of risks and challenges, the “openness” dimension of reform and opening up in the New Era is particularly important. Under the premise that the process of Chinese-path modernization will bring enormous opportunities to the world, how to enable the world to better understand China while walking our own path, and how to further promote mutual learning among civilizations and joint progress, requires us to continuously question, reflect, and take action in the process of upholding a global vision and demonstrating the responsibility of a major country. The continuity, particularity, and global nature of reform and opening up in the New Era require that we must apply the valuable experience accumulated over 45 years of reform and opening up to the practice of reform and opening up in the New Era, must profoundly grasp historical trends and discern the world situation, ground ourselves in the new situation of reform and opening up, adhere to a people-centered approach, actively respond to changes and proactively seek change, and with stronger historical consciousness and initiative, continuously advance the cause of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics.

把握新时代改革开放的世界性。开放带来进步、封闭必然落后，这是历史的经验教训。在当下百年变局加速演进、风险挑战交织叠加的背景下，新时代改革开放的“开放”之维尤为重要，在中国式现代化进程将给世界带来巨大机遇的前提下，如何在走自己的道路时让世界更好读懂中国，如何进一步推动文明互鉴、携手共进，这需要我们在坚持胸怀天下、展现大国担当的过程中不断去追问思索并付诸行动。新时代改革开放的一贯性、特殊性与世界性，要求我们必须将改革开放45年积累的宝贵经验贯彻运用到新时代改革开放的实践中，必须深刻把握历史大势、洞察世界形势，立足于改革开放的新局面，坚持以人民为中心，积极应变、主动求变，以更为强烈的历史自觉和主动精神不断将改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业推向前进。

(The authors are, respectively, Associate Researcher at the Third Research Department of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the CPC, and Lecturer at the School of Marxism, Beijing Forestry University.)

（作者分别为中央党史和文献研究院第三研究部副研究员，北京林业大学马克思主义学院讲师）

[This article is a phased result of the 2022 National Social Science Fund Youth Project “Research on Upholding a Global Vision and the Construction of the CPC’s Governance Discourse System” (Project No. 22CDJ037).]

【本文系2022年国家社科基金青年项目“坚持胸怀天下与中国共产党执政话语体系建构研究”（项目编号：22CDJ037）阶段性成果】

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