The Practical Logic of Building the Modern Civilization of the Chinese Nation

Culture concerns the foundation of a nation and the destiny of a nation; the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation cannot be achieved without cultural prosperity and flourishing. Continuing to promote cultural prosperity, build a strong cultural nation, and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point is our new cultural mission in the New Era. The historic achievements in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work since the 18th National Congress of the CPC have been fundamentally due to General

文化关乎国本、国运，实现中华民族伟大复兴离不开文化的繁荣兴盛。在新的起点上继续推动文化繁荣、建设文化强国、建设中华民族现代文明，是我们在新时代新的文化使命。党的十八大以来，宣传思想文化工作之所以取得历史性成就，最根本就在于有习近平总书记领航掌舵，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。习近平总书记在新时代文化建设方面的新思想新观点新论断，内涵十分丰富、论述极为深刻，是新时代党领导文化建设实践经验的理论总结，丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论，构成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇，形成了习近平文化思想。坚持以习近平文化思想为指导，在深入推进中国式现代化伟大实践中建设中华民族现代文明，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的内在必然要求，也是历史前进和时代发展提出的重大任务。

1. Leading Force: Firmly Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership Without Vacillation

1.领导力量：牢牢坚持党的文化领导权不动摇

Propaganda, ideological, and cultural work concerns the future and destiny of the Party, concerns the long-term stability and security of the state, and concerns the cohesion and centripetal force of the nation; it is an extremely important task. Culture, as an important form of expression of the superstructure, is a theoretical reflection established on a specific economic base, a concentrated expression of a specific class standpoint and class interests, and possesses a distinct ideological attribute. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and upholding the Party’s comprehensive leadership is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring that the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation always advances in the correct direction.

宣传思想文化工作事关党的前途命运，事关国家长治久安，事关民族凝聚力和向心力，是一项极为重要的工作。文化作为上层建筑的重要表现形式，是建立在特定经济基础上的理论反映，是特定阶级立场和阶级利益的集中表达，具有鲜明的意识形态属性。中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，坚持党的全面领导是推进中华民族现代文明建设始终沿着正确方向发展的根本保障。

Consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party [n] established the fundamental system of upholding Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain; this is a conclusion of history and a necessity of reality. Marxism, with its thorough scientific character, people-centered character, practical character, and openness, has illuminated the path for humanity to explore truth and achieve liberation, and has also rewritten the trajectory of modern Chinese social and historical development, enabling the Chinese people to achieve an ideological transformation from passivity to initiative. The “modern” dimension of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, from the perspective of worldview and methodology, is endowed by the scientific truth of Marxism. Chinese traditional civilization, “activated” by the truth-force of Marxism, has given rise to a contemporary form, achieving a modern transformation through interconnection and interpenetration with contemporary practice and contemporary life.

巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位。党的十九届四中全会确立了坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，这是历史的结论和现实的必然。马克思主义以其彻底的科学性、人民性、实践性和开放性照亮了人类探索真理、实现解放的道路，也改写了近代以来中国社会历史发展的轨迹，使中国人民在思想上实现了从被动向主动的转变。中华民族现代文明的“现代”之维，从世界观和方法论的角度而言，是由马克思主义的科学真理性赋予的。中华传统文明在马克思主义真理力量的“激活”下生发出当代形态，在与当代实践、当代生活的交互贯通中实现了现代转型。

Consolidate the common ideological foundation for the united struggle of the entire Party and the entire people. Ideals and convictions are the “master switch” of worldview, values, and outlook on life. On the new journey of the New Era, it is necessary to firmly uphold the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to consolidate the ideological foundation for the united struggle of the entire people. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era adheres to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism, profoundly summarizes and fully applies the Party’s historical experience from its century of struggle, inherits and promotes the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, and, in accordance with the changes and developments of the times and practice, enriches and develops Marxism with a new ideological content, forming a systematic and scientific theoretical system. To create a new culture belonging to our era and to build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to unremittingly use this Party’s innovative theory to arm the mind, guide practice, and advance work.

巩固全党全国人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础。理想信念是世界观、价值观和人生观的“总开关”。新时代新征程，必须坚定共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想，夯实全国人民团结奋斗的思想根基。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想坚持马克思主义立场观点方法，坚持科学社会主义基本原则，深刻总结和充分运用党百年奋斗的历史经验，继承弘扬中华优秀传统文化精华，根据时代和实践发展变化，以崭新的思想内容丰富发展了马克思主义，形成了系统科学的理论体系。创造属于我们这个时代的新文化，建设中华民族现代文明，就要坚持不懈用这一党的创新理论武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作。

Implement the Party’s comprehensive leadership in every aspect of propaganda, ideological, and cultural work. The Communist Party of China is both an active leader and practitioner of China’s advanced culture and a faithful inheritor and promoter of fine traditional Chinese culture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has, from an overall and strategic height, made systematic plans and deployments for propaganda, ideological, and cultural work. It has twice convened the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work, emphasizing that “to do a good job in propaganda and ideological work, the entire Party must take action”; at the Forum on Literature and Art Work, it pointed out that “the Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the development of socialist literature and art”; at the Forum on the Party’s News and Public Opinion Work, it emphasized that “media run by the Party and the government are the propaganda positions of the Party and the government, and must bear the Party’s surname”; at the Forum on Cybersecurity and Informatization Work, it demanded that “wherever the masses are, our leading cadres must go there”; at the Forum on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work, it pointed out that “strengthening and improving the Party’s leadership over philosophy and social sciences work is the fundamental guarantee for the flourishing and development of China’s philosophy and social sciences cause”; at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, it emphasized “firmly grasping the Party’s leadership over work in colleges and universities”… China’s propaganda, ideological, and cultural work has continuously opened up new prospects. Firmly upholding the Party’s cultural leadership without vacillation and implementing the Party’s leadership throughout all aspects and links of the work is the fundamental guarantee.

将党的全面领导贯彻到宣传思想文化工作方方面面。中国共产党既是中国先进文化的积极引领者和践行者，又是中华优秀传统文化的忠实传承者和弘扬者。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从全局和战略高度，对宣传思想文化工作作出系统谋划和部署。两度召开全国宣传思想工作会议，强调“做好宣传思想工作必须全党动手”；在文艺工作座谈会上指出“党的领导是社会主义文艺发展的根本保证”；在党的新闻舆论工作座谈会上强调“党和政府主办的媒体是党和政府的宣传阵地，必须姓党”；在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上要求“群众在哪儿，我们的领导干部就要到哪儿去”；在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上指出“加强和改善党对哲学社会科学工作的领导，是繁荣发展我国哲学社会科学事业的根本保证”；在全国高校思想政治工作会议上强调“牢牢掌握党对高校工作的领导权”……我国宣传思想文化工作不断开创新局面，始终坚持党的文化领导权不动摇，将党的领导贯穿工作各方面、各环节是根本保障。

2. Spiritual Foundation: Strengthening Cultural Confidence and Enhancing Historical Initiative

2.精神根基：坚定文化自信、增强历史主动

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “China’s firm confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, and confidence in the system are essentially based on cultural confidence built on over 5,000 years of civilizational inheritance.” A country or a nation, only when it is full of confidence in its own cultural ideals and cultural values, and full of confidence in its own cultural vitality and creativity, can it possess the steadfastness to persist, the courage to rise up, and the vitality to innovate and create. Building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation is an inherent requirement of strengthening cultural confidence, and it is also a concentrated expression and future extension of cultural confidence.

习近平总书记强调，“中国有坚定的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信，其本质是建立在5000多年文明传承基础上的文化自信”。一个国家、一个民族只有对自身文化理想、文化价值充满信心，对自身文化生命力、创造力充满信心，才能有坚持坚守的定力、奋起奋发的勇气、创新创造的活力。建设中华民族现代文明，是坚定文化自信的题中应有之义，也是对文化自信的集中表达和未来延展。

The most core content of fine traditional Chinese culture has already become the most basic cultural gene of the Chinese nation, subtly influencing the thinking modes and behavioral patterns of the Chinese people. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Without the five-thousand-year civilization of China

中华优秀传统文化中最核心的内容已经成为中华民族最基本的文化基因，潜移默化影响着中国人的思想方式和行为方式。习近平总书记指出：“如果没有中华五千年文明，哪里有什么中国特色？如果不是中国特色，哪有我们今天这么成功的中国特色社会主义道路？”中华优秀传统文化蕴含的宇宙观、天下观、社会观、道德观，同科学社会主义价值观主张具有高度契合性。在新的历史条件下建设中华民族现代文明，必须守住中华优秀传统文化的“根脉”，从传统文化的丰厚资源库中汲取当代中国文化建设的智慧滋养；同时，要走出“书斋”、走出“典籍”，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，使其与当代社会生产和当代文化形态相互融合。

Revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture are precious spiritual wealth rich in the characteristics of the times, national features, Chinese manner, and Chinese style. They not only embody the inheritance of the fine traditional Chinese culture but also manifest its creative transformation and innovative development. They are a powerful spiritual force inspiring the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China to forge ahead courageously. In particular, the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, with the great founding spirit of the Party as its source, is a vivid embodiment of revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture. It has become a powerful spiritual driving force that inspires the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups to explore a scientific path suited to their own actual conditions with a confident and self-reliant posture, and to continuously overcome difficulties and advance from victory to victory. Revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture possess both profound national character and distinct contemporary and political character. They are a powerful force shaping the inherent characteristics of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and an important support highlighting the socialist value attributes of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

革命文化和社会主义先进文化是富有时代特征、民族特色、中国气派、中国风格的宝贵精神财富，既体现了对中华优秀传统文化的继承，又彰显了对中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化、创新性发展，是激励全党全国各族人民奋勇前行的强大精神力量。特别是以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系是革命文化和社会主义先进文化的生动体现，成为激励全党全国各族人民以自信自立姿态探索符合自身实际的科学道路，不断攻坚克难、从胜利走向胜利的强大精神动力。革命文化和社会主义先进文化既具有深厚的民族性，又具有鲜明的时代性、政治性，是塑造中华民族现代文明内在特色的强大力量，也是凸显中华民族现代文明社会主义价值属性的重要支撑。

To strengthen cultural confidence and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to taking our own path. On the foundation of the notable achievements since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since reform and opening up, the cause of the Party and the state in the New Era has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. This is the most solid foundation for promoting the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and strengthening cultural confidence. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The primary task of strengthening cultural confidence is to base ourselves on the great historical and contemporary practices of the Chinese nation, use Chinese principles to summarize Chinese experience well, elevate Chinese experience into Chinese theory, neither blindly follow various dogmas nor copy foreign theories, and achieve spiritual independence and self-reliance.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the symposium on cultural heritage and development, June 2, 2023. Strengthening cultural confidence and building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation essentially means starting from the historical depth of culture, deeply grasping the inherent conformity with laws and purposes of our choice of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continuously enhancing the theoretical confidence to unswervingly take our own path from the cultural and civilizational levels.

坚定文化自信、建设中华民族现代文明就要坚持走自己的路。在新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来的显著成就基础上，新时代党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，是推动中华民族现代文明建设、坚定文化自信最为坚实的根基。习近平总书记指出：“坚定文化自信的首要任务，就是立足中华民族伟大历史实践和当代实践，用中国道理总结好中国经验，把中国经验提升为中国理论，既不盲从各种教条，也不照搬外国理论，实现精神上的独立自主。”坚定文化自信、建设中华民族现代文明，本质上就是要从文化的历史纵深出发，深刻把握我们选择中国特色社会主义道路的内在合规律性与合目的性，从文化和文明层面不断增强坚定不移走自己的路的理论底气。

3. Fundamental Method: Deeply Advancing the “Second Integration”

3.根本方法：深入推进“第二个结合”

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The ‘Second Integration’ is another ideological emancipation, allowing us to fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space, and explore theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at the symposium on cultural heritage and development, June 2, 2023. The “Second Integration” indicates that our Party’s understanding of the Chinese path, theory, and system has reached a new height; it indicates that our Party’s historical confidence and cultural confidence have reached a new height; it indicates that our Party’s consciousness in promoting cultural innovation while inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture has reached a new height. Deeply advancing the “Second Integration” is the fundamental method for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

习近平总书记指出：“‘第二个结合’是又一次的思想解放，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。”“第二个结合”，表明我们党对中国道路、理论、制度的认识达到了新高度，表明我们党的历史自信、文化自信达到了新高度，表明我们党在传承中华优秀传统文化中推进文化创新的自觉性达到了新高度。深入推进“第二个结合”，是建设中华民族现代文明的根本方法。

Correctly handling the relationship between modernity and tradition, that is, the relationship between Marxist theory, which emerged on the basis of modern machine-based mass production, and fine traditional Chinese culture, which originated on the basis of the natural economy. The “Second Integration” is not a formal rigid splicing, nor a simple physical reaction, but a profound chemical reaction based on mutual integration. Through “integration,” Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture mutually achieve each other, forming a new modern civilization that both follows the basic principles of Marxism and highlights the profound heritage of Chinese civilization. On the one hand, the truth power of Marxism is used to activate fine traditional Chinese culture. Through creative transformation and innovative development, fine traditional Chinese culture is made to integrate with Chinese-path modernization, connect with modern social life, and merge with contemporary cultural forms, thereby becoming modern, and developing the modern form of Chinese civilization. On the other hand, the great spirit and rich wisdom of the Chinese nation are injected more deeply into Marxism, the essence of Marxist thought is linked with the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, coalescing into new theoretical advantages, making Marxism Chinese.

正确处理现代和传统之间的关系，即产生于现代机器化大生产基础上的马克思主义理论与生发于自然经济基础上的中华优秀传统文化之间的关系。“第二个结合”，不是形式上的硬性拼接，也不是简单的物理反应，而是相互融合基础上的深刻化学反应。通过“结合”，马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化相互成就，形成一种既遵循马克思主义基本原理又凸显中华文明深厚底蕴的现代新文明。一方面，以马克思主义真理力量激活中华优秀传统文化，通过创造性转化、创新性发展，使中华优秀传统文化与中国式现代化相交融、与现代社会生活相贯通、与当代文化形态相融合进而成为现代的，发展出中华文明的现代形态。另一方面，将中华民族的伟大精神和丰富智慧更深层次地注入马克思主义，把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来，聚变为新的理论优势，使马克思主义成为中国的。

Exploring theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future in a broader cultural space. Fine traditional Chinese culture contains rich practical wisdom accumulated over the long course of history, which has important reference and inspirational significance in the great practice of governance in the New Era. From the people-oriented concept of “the people are the foundation of the state; when the foundation is stable, the state is peaceful” [3]3 A classical Chinese political maxim from the *Book of Documents* (《尚书》). to the development thought of “adhering to a people-centered approach”; from “the Dao follows nature” and “the unity of heaven and man” [4]4 Classical Chinese philosophical concepts from Daoism and Confucianism, respectively. to “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” [5]5 A famous formulation by Xi Jinping on ecological civilization, first stated in 2005.; from “the world is for all” and “harmony among all nations” [6]6 Classical ideals from the Confucian *Book of Rites* (《礼记》). to the great practice of “building a community with a shared future for mankind,” the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, deeply excavating the unique cultural genes and spirit contained in fine traditional Chinese culture, fully utilizing the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture, and exploring theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future in a broader cultural space, providing a continuous source of driving force for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

在更广阔的文化空间中探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。中华优秀传统文化蕴含着在历史长河中积淀下来的丰富实践智慧，在新时代治国理政伟大实践中具有重要的借鉴和启示意义。从“民为邦本，本固邦宁”的民本理念到“坚持以人民为中心”的发展思想，从“道法自然”“天人合一”到“绿水青山就是金山银山”，从“天下为公”“协和万邦”到“构建人类命运共同体”的伟大实践，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的独特文化基因和精神，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，在更广阔的文化空间中，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新，为建设中华民族现代文明提供了源源不断的动力支持。

Continuously consolidating the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation through “integration.” For a culture to stand firm and go far, it must have its own subjectivity. Since modern times, the Chinese nation has suffered the calamity of “the nation being humiliated, the people suffering, and civilization being tarnished,” [7]7 A phrase used by Xi Jinping to describe China’s modern historical trauma. and its cultural subjectivity has faced a huge impact. Reconstructing cultural subjectivity to achieve civilizational rejuvenation has become an important dimension of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Communist Party of China stands at the forefront of the times, shoulders the heavy responsibility of rejuvenation, unites and leads the Chinese people, takes root in Chinese soil, adheres to the Chinese cultural standpoint, combines the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, promotes the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, inherits revolutionary culture, develops advanced socialist culture, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, and continuously consolidates the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation. The establishment of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is a powerful manifestation of this cultural subjectivity.

在“结合”中不断巩固中华民族的文化主体性。一种文化要立得住、行得远，必须有自己的主体性。近代以来，中华民族遭遇“国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘”的劫难，文化主体性遭遇巨大冲击。重建文化主体性以实现文明复兴，成为实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要一维。中国共产党立时代之潮头、担复兴之重任，团结带领中国人民，扎根中国大地、坚守中华文化立场，把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，继承革命文化，发展社会主义先进文化，借鉴吸收人类一切优秀文明成果，不断巩固中华民族的文化主体性。创立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是文化主体性的有力彰显。

4. Path of Advancement: Adhering to the Organic Unity of Rooting in the Local and Facing the World

4.推进路径：坚持扎根本土与面向世界有机统一

Building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation is not only a renewal of civilization but also a great creation based on contemporary Chinese practice. We must firmly adhere to rooting in the local, drawing nourishment and strength for civilizational construction from the great practice of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization; we must adhere to openness and inclusiveness, continuously enriching the garden of human civilizations by promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.

建设中华民族现代文明既是文明的更新，更是基于当代中国实践的伟大创造。必须牢牢坚持扎根本土，从以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的伟大实践中汲取文明建构的养分和力量；坚持开放包容，在推动文明交流互鉴中不断丰富人类文明百花园。

Consolidating the practical foundation for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation is not a return to the study to “sort out national heritage,” nor is it simply using modern concepts to transform the expressive forms of traditional culture; rather, it is to make fine traditional Chinese culture compatible with modern production and connected with modern life. The modern civilization of the Chinese nation must be continuously generated in the great practice of taking root in Chinese-path modernization, and continuously mature in the mutual integration and adaptation with modern production and modern culture. While Chinese-path modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern power, Chinese civilization also constructs the profound cultural foundation of Chinese-path modernization. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that continues the ancient civilization, not a modernization that eliminates the ancient civilization; it is a modernization that grows from Chinese soil, not a modernization that copies other countries; it is the result of civilizational renewal, not the product of civilizational rupture.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, speech at the symposium on cultural heritage and development, June 2, 2023. Chinese-path modernization not only follows the general laws of modernization but also highlights the distinctive features uniquely shaped by Chinese realities and cultural factors; it not only represents the modern development direction of Chinese civilization but also manifests a new form of human civilization development, providing a continuous source of nourishment for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

以中国式现代化夯实建设中华民族现代文明的现实根基。建设中华民族现代文明不是复归书斋的“整理国故”，也不是简单用现代概念改造传统文化表达形式，而是要使中华优秀传统文化与现代生产相适应、与现代生活相贯通。中华民族现代文明要在扎根中国式现代化的伟大实践中不断生成，在与现代生产、现代文化的相互交融与调适中不断成熟，中国式现代化在赋予中华文明以现代力量的同时，中华文明也构筑了中国式现代化的深厚文化底蕴。正如习近平总书记所指出的：“中国式现代化是赓续古老文明的现代化，而不是消灭古老文明的现代化；是从中华大地长出来的现代化，不是照搬照抄其他国家的现代化；是文明更新的结果，不是文明断裂的产物。”中国式现代化既遵循了现代化的一般规律，又凸显了独具中国现实和文化因素的鲜明特色；既代表了中华文明的现代发展方向，也彰显了人类文明发展的全新形态，为建设中华民族现代文明提供了源源不断的养分滋养。

The modern civilization of the Chinese nation is both national and global. The conceptual expression of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation contains two key terms: “Chinese nation” and “modern.” “Chinese nation” highlights the “China-West dimension” of civilizational construction, while “modern” highlights the “past-present dimension” of civilizational construction. In fact, since modern times, Chinese people of insight seeking civilizational rejuvenation have always faced the “dispute between the past and the present, China and the West,” [9]9 A long-standing intellectual debate in modern China over the relationship between Chinese tradition and Western modernity. with the polar opposition of “wholesale Westernization” and “restoration of the ancients and conservatism.” Chinese civilization is formed by the convergence of diverse cultures and inherently possesses prominent characteristics of inclusiveness. This inclusiveness fundamentally determines the open-mindedness of Chinese culture to absorb all world civilizations. The Communist Party of China insists on not forgetting the original, absorbing the foreign, and facing the future, correctly handling the dialectical relationship between the local and the global, tradition and modernity, in the process of deeply advancing the “Two Integrations,” thereby constructing a scientific path for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “After long-term efforts, we are more capable than any previous era of resolving the ‘dispute between the past and the present, China and the West,’ and we are also more urgently in need than any previous era of a batch of cultural achievements that fuse the past and the present, and integrate China and the West.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, speech at the symposium on cultural heritage and development, June 2, 2023. To build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, we must achieve the organic unity of “adhering to the ancestors” and “speaking new words.” [11]11 A Party idiom meaning to preserve fundamental principles while innovating in expression. We must not only inherit and develop fine traditional Chinese culture under new historical conditions but also uphold the concept of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, continuously absorb all positive achievements of human civilization, promote the localization of foreign cultures, and continuously create new forms of human civilization.

中华民族现代文明既是民族的也是世界的。中华民族现代文明的概念表达，包含“中华民族”和“现代”两个关键词。“中华民族”彰显出文明建构的“中西之维”，“现代”则彰显出文明建构的“古今之维”。实际上，近代以来中国仁人志士求索文明复兴，始终面临着“古今中西之争”，存在“全盘西化”与“复古保守”的两极对立。中华文明是由多样文化汇聚而成的，本身就具有突出的包容性特征，这种包容性从根本上决定了中华文化对世界文明兼收并蓄的开放胸怀。中国共产党坚持不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来，在深入推进“两个结合”中正确处理本土与世界、传统与现代之间的辩证关系，为中华民族现代文明建设构筑了科学路径。习近平总书记指出：“经过长期努力，我们比以往任何一个时代都更有条件破解‘古今中西之争’，也比以往任何一个时代都更迫切需要一批熔铸古今、汇通中西的文化成果。”建设中华民族现代文明，必须实现“坚持老祖宗”与“说新话”的有机统一，既要在新的历史条件下传承发展中华优秀传统文化，也要秉持文明交流互鉴的理念，不断吸收人类文明的一切积极成果、促进外来文化本土化，不断开创人类文明新形态。

(Authors: Zhang Ming and Guo Guangyin, both are specially appointed researchers of the Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

（作者：张明、郭广银，均系江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心