Reform and Opening Up and the Initiation and Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Forty-five years ago, the Communist Party of China made the historic decision to implement reform and opening up, embarking on a great journey of reform and opening up. Reform and opening up gave birth to and catalyzed socialism with Chinese characteristics, and also propelled its continuous expansion. Entering the New Era, socialism with Chinese characteristics has achieved innovative development. Reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics have become an integrated process and an integrated cause. Reform and opening up drives the continuous development and innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, while socialism with Chinese characteristics manifests the great achievements of reform and opening up. Reviewing the historical process of the initiation and development of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and drawing ideological insights from summing up experiences, is of great significance for comprehensively advancing reform and opening up and for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.

45年前，中国共产党作出了实行改革开放的历史性决策，开启了改革开放的伟大征程。改革开放孕育、催生了中国特色社会主义，也推进了中国特色社会主义的不断拓展。进入新时代，中国特色社会主义获得创新性发展。改革开放与中国特色社会主义已成为一体化的进程、一体化的事业。改革开放推进中国特色社会主义不断发展、不断创新，中国特色社会主义彰显着改革开放的巨大成就。回顾改革开放和中国特色社会主义开创发展的历史进程，在总结经验中获取思想启示，对于全面推进改革开放、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义具有重要意义。

I. The Major Contributions of Reform and Opening Up

一、改革开放的重大贡献

Reform and opening up has had a major and far-reaching impact on both China and the world. The historical contributions of reform and opening up are multifaceted; among them, the greatest contribution is the promotion of the initiation and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The course of reform and opening up is also the course of the initiation, development, and continuous innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Reform and opening up laid a solid foundation for socialism with Chinese characteristics, opened up space for innovation, gathered powerful forces, and also provided lasting momentum.

改革开放无论对中国还是对世界来说，都产生了重大而深远的影响。改革开放的历史贡献是多方面的，其中，最大的贡献就是促进了中国特色社会主义的开创和发展。改革开放的历程，也是中国特色社会主义开创、发展和不断创新的历程。改革开放为中国特色社会主义奠定了坚实基础，开辟了创新空间，凝聚了强大力量，也提供了持久动力。

(1) Reform and Opening Up Laid a Solid Foundation for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（一）改革开放为中国特色社会主义奠定了坚实基础

Reform and opening up originated from the emancipation of the mind, from the re-establishment of the correct ideological line of the Communist Party of China. The emancipation of the mind was the precursor to reform and opening up, and reform and opening up is the practical embodiment of the emancipation of the mind. The emancipation of the mind and reform and opening up complement each other, providing the ideological foundation and practical support for socialism with Chinese characteristics, thereby also becoming the logical starting point of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The rise of socialism in China exceeded the expectations of the founders of scientific socialism. Building socialism in a country with a huge population and a relatively backward level of development of productive forces was a historic challenge. To solve this historic challenge, the Communist Party of China undertook a long and difficult exploration. The explorations of the Chinese Communists with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, along with their practical achievements and theoretical results, "provided valuable experience, theoretical preparation, and material foundation for initiating socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period." [1]1 Quotation from the Report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC (2012). However, constrained by the fetters of "Left" thinking, this exploration ultimately did not succeed. More seriously, the occurrence of the "Cultural Revolution" [2]2 The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) was a political and social movement initiated by Mao Zedong, later officially assessed by the CPC as a period of severe internal turmoil and error. not only interrupted this exploration but also plunged China's socialism into a developmental predicament. After the end of the ten-year turmoil, the Chinese Communists with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their chief representative comprehensively summarized the historical experience of China's socialist construction and deeply recognized that, among the existing lessons, ideological rigidity and institutional rigidity were the most important issues. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping explicitly stated: "Without emancipating the mind, it won't do"; "Without reform, it won't do." He emphasized: "If we do not implement reform, our modernization cause and socialist cause will be ruined"; at the same time, he also emphasized: "First of all, emancipate the mind. Only when our minds are emancipated can we correctly take Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as our guide, solve problems left over from the past, and solve a series of newly emerging problems." Relying on the emancipation of the mind, we were able to break through the shackles of rigid thinking; relying on reform and opening up, we were able to break free from the constraints of the rigid system. The emancipation of the mind promoted the start of reform and opening up; reform and opening up initiated a new exploration of socialist practice, while also further strengthening the consciousness of the emancipation of the mind, allowing the Party's ideological line of seeking truth from facts to be restored and deeply rooted in people's hearts. The liberation of social productive forces and the release of social vitality were both concentratedly manifested in the emancipation of people's minds. It was precisely under the guidance of the emancipation of the mind and in the practice of reform and opening up that the Communist Party of China achieved a series of new creations from theory to practice. The initiation and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the concentrated embodiment of this series of new creations. The initiation and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics has always been based on the practice of reform and opening up, and has also consistently been permeated by the principled requirement of the emancipation of the mind.

改革开放源于解放思想，源于中国共产党正确思想路线的重新确立。解放思想是改革开放的先导，改革开放是解放思想的行动体现。解放思想与改革开放相辅相成，为中国特色社会主义提供了思想基础、实践支撑，由此也成为中国特色社会主义的逻辑起点。社会主义在中国的兴起，超出了科学社会主义创始人的设想。在中国这样一个人口众多、生产力发展水平相对落后的国家建设社会主义，是一个历史性难题。为破解这个历史性难题，中国共产党进行了长期艰难的探索。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人的探索及其取得的实践成就和理论成果，“为在新的历史时期开创中国特色社会主义提供了宝贵经验、理论准备、物质基础”。但囿于“左”的思想的束缚，这一探索最终没有取得成功。尤为严重的是，“文化大革命”的发生不仅中断了这一探索，也使中国的社会主义陷入了发展困境。十年动乱结束后，以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人对中国社会主义建设的历史经验作了全面总结，并深刻认识到，在已有的经验教训中，思想僵化、体制僵化是最为重要的问题。因此，邓小平明确提出：“不解放思想不行”，“不改革不行”。他强调：“再不实行改革，我们的现代化事业和社会主义事业就会被葬送”；同时，他还强调：“首先是解放思想。只有思想解放了，我们才能正确地以马列主义、毛泽东思想为指导，解决过去遗留的问题，解决新出现的一系列问题”。依靠解放思想，我们才能突破僵化思想的禁锢；依靠改革开放，我们才能破除僵化体制的束缚。解放思想促进了改革开放的起步，改革开放开启了社会主义实践的新探索，同时也进一步强化了解放思想的意识，使党的实事求是的思想路线得到重新恢复并深入人心。社会生产力的解放和社会活力的释放，都集中体现为人们的思想的解放。正是在解放思想的引领下，在改革开放的实践中，中国共产党实现了从理论到实践的一系列新的创造。中国特色社会主义的开创和发展，就是这一系列新创造的集中体现。中国特色社会主义的开创和发展，始终以改革开放为实践基础，同时也始终贯穿着解放思想的原则要求。

(2) Reform and Opening Up Opened Up Space for Innovation for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（二）改革开放为中国特色社会主义开辟了创新空间

Reform and opening up drove Chinese social development to achieve two historic transformations, namely, "the historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up." [3]3 Quotation from the Report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC (2012). These two transformations provided socialism with Chinese characteristics with broad space for development and innovation. Using the planned economy method to promote socialist construction was a common practice adopted by socialist countries when they were first established, and China also adopted this method for a time. For socialist countries, implementing a planned economic system at a certain historical stage had a certain rationality and necessity. Under specific historical conditions, the planned economic system indeed played a positive role. However, as historical conditions changed, the drawbacks of this system became apparent and severely constrained the development of socialism. While breaking through the old system, the Communist Party of China gradually formed a reform oriented towards developing a socialist market economy, ultimately establishing the socialist market economy system and achieving the organic integration of the basic system of socialism with the market economy. Xi Jinping pointed out: "Proposing the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economy system was a major theoretical and practical innovation by our Party in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, solving a major problem that other socialist countries in the world had long failed to solve." [4]4 Quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the 18th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee (2018). In the process of creating the socialist market economy system, an ownership structure with public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together was formed, a distribution pattern with distribution according to work as the mainstay and multiple modes of distribution coexisting was established, and the innovation of China's basic socialist economic system was achieved. Reform also includes opening up; while promoting reform, we also implemented opening up to the outside world. In the process of socialist construction, China had established a policy of strengthening economic and cultural exchanges with other countries, but due to the blockade by external hostile forces, coupled with problems in our own understanding, for a considerable period, we were in a closed or semi-closed environment. This not only constrained economic and social development but also led to backwardness in concepts. Implementing opening up to the outside world provided socialism with Chinese characteristics with greater space for development, more impetus for horizontal comparison, and also initiated the path of peaceful development. Although the world has experienced continuous local conflicts and turmoil, China has always adhered to the path of peaceful development, "actively striving for a peaceful international environment to develop itself, while also using its own development to better safeguard world peace and promote common development." [5]5 Quotation from the White Paper "China's Peaceful Development" (2011).

改革开放推动中国社会发展实现了两个历史性转变，即“从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的历史性转变”。这两个转变使中国特色社会主义获得了广阔的发展空间和创新空间。运用计划经济的方式推进社会主义建设，是社会主义国家在建立之初普遍实行的办法，中国也一度采用了这种方式。对于社会主义国家来说，在一定历史阶段实行计划经济体制有一定的合理性和必要性。在特定的历史条件下，计划经济体制确实发挥了积极作用。但随着历史条件的变化，这种体制的弊端显露出来，并严重制约着社会主义的发展。在突破旧体制的同时，中国共产党逐步形成了以发展社会主义市场经济为取向的改革，最终确立了社会主义市场经济体制，实现了社会主义基本制度与市场经济的有机结合。习近平指出：“提出建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标，这是我们党在建设中国特色社会主义进程中的一个重大理论和实践创新，解决了世界上其他社会主义国家长期没有解决的一个重大问题。”在创立社会主义市场经济体制过程中，形成了公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的所有制结构，形成了按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配格局，实现了中国社会主义基本经济制度的创新。改革也包含着开放，在推进改革的同时，我们也实行对外开放。在社会主义建设过程中，中国曾确立过加强同各国经济文化往来的方针，但因为有外部敌对势力的封锁，加上自身认识上的问题，在相当长的时期里，我们处于一个封闭半封闭的环境下。这不仅制约了经济社会的发展，也导致了观念上的落后。实行对外开放使中国特色社会主义获得了更大的发展空间，有了更多的横向比较动力，同时也开创了和平发展道路。尽管世界不断有局部性冲突和动荡，中国始终坚持走和平发展道路，“积极争取和平的国际环境发展自己，又以自身的发展更好地维护世界和平、促进共同发展”。

(3) Reform and Opening Up Gathered Powerful Forces for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（三）改革开放为中国特色社会主义凝聚了强大力量

Reform and opening up embodied the aspirations of the people, awakened their subjective consciousness, fully mobilized their initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity, and coalesced a powerful force for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The people are the subject of history and the decisive force driving social development. The socialist cause is fundamentally the cause of the people and must be advanced by relying on the people. Relying on the people means respecting their principal position and unleashing their creative spirit; this is an important condition for the vigorous development of the socialist cause. In the course of social development, if the people are lifeless, lack any pioneering spirit, and merely engage in various activities passively, the entire country and society lose their vitality. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a pioneering undertaking that especially requires the release of the people's initiative and creativity. At the very beginning of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping raised the issue of relying on the people and fully mobilizing their initiative and creativity. Reform and opening up granted the people more rights to autonomy and freedom, mobilized their enthusiasm for participating in social practice, and ignited their passion and vitality for creating a new life and launching new undertakings. The development of the socialist market economy, in particular, provided more ample conditions for the broad masses of the people to start businesses, giving every member of society a grand stage to display their talents and more opportunities to make their lives brilliant. Everyone striving upward and working with vigor became a social trend. If reform and opening up truly enlivened China, then it was first and foremost by unleashing the creative spirit of the people. In the entire course of human social development, no social transformation has ever unleashed the passion and vitality of hundreds of millions of people all at once like China's reform and opening up. Lee Kuan Yew once commented that after reform and opening up, "the expectations and aspirations of the Chinese people have risen. Every Chinese person yearns for a strong, wealthy China, a China as prosperous and technologically competitive as the United States, European countries, and Japan. This reawakened sense of mission is an extremely powerful force." The broad participation of the people and the full exertion of their creativity became a powerful force driving the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It can be said that socialism with Chinese characteristics was initiated and developed precisely through the broad participation and strong support of the people. Many specific development ideas, development methods, and new things in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics were created by the people; the various complex problems and contradictions encountered in practice were also resolved by relying on the people. The brilliant achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics and its ability to withstand the tests of various storms are inseparable from the broad participation and strong support of the people.

改革开放体现了人民的愿望，焕发了人民的主体意识，充分调动了人民的积极性、主动性和创造性，凝聚起发展中国特色社会主义的强大力量。人民是历史的主体，是推动社会发展的决定性力量。社会主义事业从根本上来说是人民的事业，需要依靠人民来推进。依靠人民，就要尊重人民的主体地位，发挥人民群众的创造精神，这是社会主义事业蓬勃发展的重要条件。在社会发展过程中，要是人民群众毫无生气、毫无开拓精神，只是被动地去从事各项活动，整个国家和社会就失去了生机活力。中国特色社会主义是一项开创性事业，更需要人民群众积极性和创造力的释放。改革开放伊始，邓小平就提出了依靠人民群众、充分调动人民群众积极性和创造性的问题。改革开放使人民群众获得了更多的自主自由权利，调动了人民群众参与社会实践的积极性，激发了人民群众创造新生活、开创新事业的激情和活力。尤其是社会主义市场经济的发展，为广大人民群众创业提供了更加充分的条件，每一个社会成员都有了发挥才能的大舞台、有了更多的使人生出彩的机会。人人向上、奋发有为，成为一种社会风尚。如果说改革开放使中国真正活跃起来，那么首先就是使人民群众的创造精神焕发起来了。在整个人类社会发展过程中，还没有哪次社会变革像中国的改革开放这样，一下子就把亿万人民的热情和活力全部焕发出来的。李光耀曾评价道，实行改革开放后，“中国人的预期和抱负已经提升。每一位中国人都渴望一个强大、富裕的中国，一个与美国、欧洲国家和日本同样繁荣昌盛并同样具有科技竞争力的中国。这种重新唤起的使命感是一股极其强大的力量”。人民群众的广泛参与、创造性的充分发挥，也成为推动中国特色社会主义发展的强大力量。可以说，中国特色社会主义就是在人民群众的广泛参与、大力支持下开创并发展起来的。中国特色社会主义实践中的许多具体发展思路、发展方式和新生事物，都是由人民群众创造出来的；实践中遇到的各种复杂问题和矛盾，也都是依靠人民群众得以解决的。中国特色社会主义之所以能够取得辉煌的成就，之所以能够经受住各种风浪的冲击考验，都是同人民群众的广泛参与、大力支持分不开的。

(4) Reform and Opening Up Provided a Sustained Driving Force for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（四）改革开放为中国特色社会主义提供了持久动力

Reform and opening up brought about a new liberation and development of the social productive forces, a new improvement and perfection of the socialist system, and endowed socialism with new vitality and dynamism, thereby becoming a sustained driving force for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Any society needs to seek development through reform; otherwise, greater progress is impossible. As a new social system, socialism must inevitably undergo a process from imperfection and immaturity to gradual perfection and gradual maturity. Engels pointed out: "The so-called 'socialist society' is not something immutable, but, like any other social system, should be regarded as a society that is constantly changing and reforming." The maturity and perfection of socialism cannot be a natural process; it must be promoted through continuous reform and also developed through openness. For contemporary China, the great and far-reaching significance of reform and opening up lies in the fact that it created socialism with Chinese characteristics, promoted its development, improvement, and innovation. Reform is the basic way to perfect socialism and also the basic way for socialism with Chinese characteristics to demonstrate its advantages; openness is the basic way to enhance the external driving force of socialism and also the basic way for socialism with Chinese characteristics to reflect the requirements of the times. The process of reform and opening up is the process of continuous innovation in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and also the process of socialism with Chinese characteristics reaching out to the world and contributing to the world. Reform and opening up promoted the renewal of China's socialist economic system, and also spurred comprehensive innovation and development in the socialist political system, cultural system, social system, ecological civilization system, and the Party building system. Reform and opening up endowed socialism with Chinese characteristics with strong vitality, and also made the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics an "advanced system with distinct Chinese characteristics, obvious institutional advantages, and strong self-improvement capabilities." With the advancement of reform and opening up and the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we have solved many difficult problems in development and overcome many difficulties on the path forward, but we still face many new problems and challenges. Some outdated ideas and concepts still exist in social life, the drawbacks of systems and mechanisms have not been completely eliminated, and moreover, the problem of solidified interests has also emerged in the process of economic and social development. Therefore, only by deepening reform and opening up can we fundamentally solve these problems, better uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and promote the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics towards maturity and stability.

改革开放使社会生产力得到新的解放和发展，使社会主义制度有了新的健全和完善，赋予了社会主义新的生机与活力，由此也成为坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的持久动力。任何社会都需要在改革中寻求发展，否则就不可能有更大的进步。社会主义作为一种新的社会制度，必然也要经历一个从不完善、不成熟到逐步完善、逐步成熟的过程。恩格斯指出：“所谓‘社会主义社会’不是一种一成不变的东西，而应当和任何其他社会制度一样，把它看成是经常变化和改革的社会。”社会主义的成熟和完善不可能是自然而然的过程，而是需要通过不断改革来推动，也需要在开放中发展。对当代中国来说，改革开放重大而深远的意义，就在于它创造了中国特色社会主义，推动了中国特色社会主义发展、完善和创新。改革是社会主义完善的基本方式，也是中国特色社会主义展现优势的基本方式；开放是增强社会主义外部动力的基本途径，也中国特色社会主义体现时代要求的基本途径。改革开放的过程就是中国特色社会主义不断实现创新的过程，也是中国特色社会主义走向世界、贡献世界的过程。改革开放推动了中国社会主义经济体制的更新，也促进了社会主义政治体制、文化体制、社会体制、生态文明体制和党的建设制度的全面创新、全面发展。改革开放使中国特色社会主义具有了强大的生命力，也使中国特色社会主义制度成为“具有鲜明中国特色、明显制度优势、强大自我完善能力的先进制度”。随着改革开放的推进和中国特色社会主义的发展，我们已经破解了许多发展中的难题，克服了许多前进中的困难，但我们依然面临许多新的问题和挑战，社会生活中还存在一些不合时宜的思想观念，体制机制的弊端并没有完全消除，不仅如此，在经济社会发展过程中也出现了利益固化的问题。因此，只有深化改革开放，才能从根本上解决好这些问题，才能更好地坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，推动中国特色社会主义制度走向成熟定型。

II. Innovative Development in the New Era

二、新时代的创新性发展

With the continuous advancement of reform and opening up, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, summarizing historical experience and facing the requirements of new practice, comprehensively promoted the innovative development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, enriched the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, expanded the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improved the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and formed the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, giving socialism with Chinese characteristics a new look. The innovations achieved and historic accomplishments of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era have profoundly changed China and also profoundly influenced the world.

随着改革开放的持续推进，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。以习近平同志为核心的党中央总结历史经验，面向新的实践要求，全面推进中国特色社会主义的创新发展，丰富了中国特色社会主义理论，拓展了中国特色社会主义道路，完善了中国特色社会主义制度，形成了中国特色社会主义文化，使中国特色社会主义展现出新的面貌。中国特色社会主义在新时代实现的创新、取得的历史性成就，深刻改变了中国，也深刻影响了世界。

(1) The New Era Further Accelerated the Pace of Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（一）新时代进一步加快了中国特色社会主义的发展步伐

Entering the New Era, the pace of development of socialism with Chinese characteristics has accelerated, the process has exceeded expectations, and China's social development has entered a new stage of development. Xi Jinping pointed out: "The new development stage we are in today is a stage within the primary stage of socialism, and at the same time, it is a stage that, after decades of accumulation, stands at a new starting point." This new development stage is a new process and a new starting point for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it also contains new development requirements. In the new development stage, we have a solid material foundation for implementing the new development philosophy and achieving higher development goals. Forming a new development pattern and achieving high-quality development have become the new requirements of the new development stage. The shift from high speed to high quality is an important feature of the new era and new stage. Based on the development process of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, on the basis of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made new strategic arrangements for the goals of China's socialist modernization, namely, "basically realizing socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035; and from 2035 to the middle of this century, building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful." This strategic arrangement moved the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization, established after reform and opening up, forward by 15 years, while also establishing the new goal of building a great modern socialist country. Its basic basis is that the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics has exceeded expectations and its potential remains great. Entering the New Era, the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics has rapidly enhanced China's economic strength and comprehensive national power. China has gained more say in the international community, begun to play an increasingly important role, assumed more responsibilities, and exerted greater influence. At the same time, the world has placed greater expectations on China in terms of maintaining world peace and promoting common development.

进入新时代，中国特色社会主义发展脚步加快、进程超出预期，中国社会发展进入一个新的发展阶段。习近平指出：“今天我们所处的新发展阶段，就是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段，同时是其中经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段。”这个新发展阶段是中国特色社会主义发展的新进程、新起点，同时也蕴含着新的发展要求。在新发展阶段，我们有了贯彻新发展理念、实现更高发展目标的雄厚物质基础。形成新发展格局，实现高质量发展，成为新发展阶段的新要求。从高速度到高质量，是新时代新阶段的重要特征。依据中国特色社会主义发展进程，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在全面建成小康社会的基础上，对中国社会主义现代化建设的目标作出新的战略安排，即“从二〇二〇年到二〇三五年基本实现社会主义现代化；从二〇三五年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国”。这一战略安排把改革开放后确立的基本实现社会主义现代化的目标提前了15年，同时确立了建成社会主义现代化强国的新目标。其基本依据就是中国特色社会主义发展超出了预期，且潜力依然很大。进入新时代，中国特色社会主义的发展使中国的经济实力和综合国力得到快速提升，中国在国际社会上有了更多的话语权，开始发挥越来越大的作用，承担越来越多的责任，也产生越来越大的影响。同时，在维护世界和平、促进共同发展方面，世界对中国也有了更多的期待。

(2) The New Era Further Demonstrated the Superiority of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（二）新时代进一步彰显了中国特色社会主义的优越性

On the basis of liberating and developing the productive forces, continuously raising the people’s living standards and quality of life, and promoting the realization of common prosperity for all the people, is an important manifestation of the superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Entering the New Era, socialism with Chinese characteristics has driven an even greater development of society’s productive forces. The productive forces are the foundation of a country and also an important yardstick for measuring a country’s economic status and degree of development. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core insists on using the liberation and development of the productive forces to guide reform and development, giving full play to the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation, promoting the transformation of production methods and the adjustment of the economic structure, striving to enhance industrial competitiveness, and achieving an overall leap in the level of the productive forces. China has built a complete and comprehensive modern industrial system and already possesses strong production capacity and development potential. The implementation of the scientific and technological innovation strategy has enabled China to enter the ranks of innovative countries and become an important contributor to global scientific and technological innovation. While the productive forces have achieved tremendous development, the people’s living standards and quality of life have also been comprehensively improved. With the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, China has approached the threshold of high-income countries, and many development indicators have approached or reached the standards of high-income countries. According to relevant data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2022 China’s per capita gross domestic product reached 12,741 US dollars, exceeding the world’s per capita gross domestic product level and approaching the World Bank’s threshold of 13,205 US dollars for high-income countries. At the same time, China has built the world’s largest social security system, and preschool education and compulsory education have also reached the average level of high-income countries worldwide. Eliminating absolute poverty is a key step toward common prosperity and has also laid a solid foundation for ultimately achieving common prosperity. Solidly promoting common prosperity, optimizing the income distribution structure, and enabling common prosperity to achieve more obvious substantive progress have become important contents of the work of the Party and the state. Realizing common prosperity and building a modernized country have become a more closely integrated process. Currently, the size of China’s middle-income group has exceeded 400 million people. With the continuous development of the economy and society, common prosperity will inevitably be more fully manifested.

在解放和发展生产力的基础上，不断提高人民生活水平和生活质量，推动实现全体人民的共同富裕，是中国特色社会主义优越性的重要体现。进入新时代，中国特色社会主义推动社会生产力有了更大的发展。生产力是国之基础，也是衡量一个国家经济地位和发展程度的重要尺度。以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以解放和发展生产力牵引改革发展，充分发挥科技创新的支撑作用，推动生产方式转变和经济结构调整，着力提高产业竞争力，实现了生产力水平的总体跃升。中国建成了门类齐全完备的现代工业体系，已经具有强大生产能力和发展潜力。科技创新战略的实施使中国进入创新型国家行列，成为全球科技创新的重要贡献者。在生产力获得巨大发展的同时，人民生活水平和生活质量也得到全面提升。随着全面建成小康社会目标的实现，中国已接近高收入国家的门槛，许多发展指标已接近或达到高收入国家标准。国家统计局有关数据显示，2022年中国人均国内生产总值已达12741美元，超过世界人均国内生产总值水平，接近世界银行划定的13205美元高收入国家的门槛。同时，中国已建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，学前教育、义务教育也达到世界高收入国家平均水平。消除绝对贫困是走向共同富裕的关键一步，也为最终实现共同富裕打下了坚实的基础。扎实推动共同富裕，优化收入分配结构，使共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展，成为党和国家工作的重要内容。实现共同富裕与建设现代化国家，成为更加紧密的一体化进程。目前中国中等收入群体的规模已超过四亿人，随着经济社会不断发展，共同富裕必将更加充分地体现出来。

(III) The New Era further demonstrates the governance effectiveness of socialism with Chinese characteristics

（三）新时代进一步展现了中国特色社会主义的治理效能

Entering the New Era, socialism with Chinese characteristics, through its remarkable achievements in eliminating absolute poverty, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting ethnic unity, has fully demonstrated its unique governance effectiveness. Poverty, especially absolute poverty, is a major problem that has plagued China for a long time and is also a major problem that has long plagued the world and human society. The establishment of the socialist system in China laid the institutional foundation for eliminating poverty. The initiation and advancement of reform and opening up accelerated the historical process of poverty reduction in China. Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted on making

进入新时代，中国特色社会主义以消除绝对贫困、保护生态环境、促进民族团结的显著成效，充分体现了其独特的治理效能。贫困尤其是绝对贫困，是困扰中国已久的重大问题，也是长期困扰世界和人类社会的重大问题。社会主义制度在中国的建立，为消除贫困奠定了制度基础。改革开放的启动和推进，加速了中国减贫的历史进程。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把消除绝对贫困作为全面建成小康社会的重点工程，以加快发展作为解决贫困的根本途径，围绕脱贫攻坚作出一系列重大部署，组织推进了规模空前的脱贫攻坚战，实现了发展与减贫同步推进，使近一亿农村人口摆脱了绝对贫困，创造了人类历史上的减贫奇迹。中国在扶贫减贫过程中，实行普惠政策和特惠政策相结合，同时充分发挥社会主义制度的组织动员优势，构建了政府、社会、市场协同合作的扶贫格局，形成了全社会共同参与的帮扶体系，充分体现了中国特色社会主义的治理能力。中国的减贫经验也为发展中国家消除贫困提供了新的经验启示。“中国式减贫”已成为国际社会关注和研究的样本。生态保护问题是全球性问题，任何国家的工业化、现代化进程，都会面临生态环境保护问题。在改革开放初期，中国就把保护环境作为基本国策，逐步加大生态环境保护力度。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设融入现代化建设的各方面和全过程，并对之作出了全面系统的部署和安排，深入推进污染防治，大力推广绿色发展理念，加快发展方式绿色转型，创造了令世人瞩目的生态保护和绿色发展奇迹。民族问题的处理和解决，是一个世界性的难题，很多国家都因民族问题没有处理好而导致国家分裂、社会动荡。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把铸牢中华民族共同体意识作为党的民族工作主线，深入开展民族团结进步宣传教育和文化建设，促进各民族广泛交往、交流、交融，持续推进民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化，并形成了民族工作的新格局，有效防范和抵制了破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为，开创了民族团结和社会和谐的新局面。

(4) The New Era further demonstrates the global contribution of socialism with Chinese characteristics

（四）新时代进一步呈现了中国特色社会主义的世界性贡献

Entering the New Era, socialism with Chinese characteristics, with its new development achievements, has provided new opportunities for world development and injected new vitality. Socialism with Chinese characteristics upholds the concept of common development; while achieving its own development, it also promotes and drives world economic growth. China has built a complete infrastructure and a sound industrial system, providing a good platform for the development and technological innovation of enterprises from all over the world. The market of enormous scale and potential that China has formed offers new opportunities for investment and development by enterprises from various countries, and also plays an important role in promoting world economic recovery. China advocates the establishment of financial institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and hosts various international economic and trade events, which play a significant role in advancing the construction of an open world economy. Socialism with Chinese characteristics upholds the concepts of openness, inclusiveness, connectivity, and common development, conforms to the inherent requirements of economic globalization, and guides economic globalization towards a more inclusive direction. Facing the adverse currents of unilateralism and trade protectionism in economic globalization, China also injects new impetus into economic globalization in its own way. For example, it promotes high-standard opening up, accelerates the construction of free trade zones, supports and upholds the multilateral system, promotes interconnected development among countries, and facilitates trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, among other efforts. These endeavors promote the balanced and inclusive development of economic globalization. At the same time, socialism with Chinese characteristics also contributes a universally beneficial public good to the world, namely, the Belt and Road Initiative. This public good creates a new model of international cooperation, embodying the concept and practical innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics in expanding opening up and promoting common development. The Belt and Road Initiative provides development opportunities for countries and regions along its routes, injects vitality into the development of developing countries, and also provides a practical platform for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. The principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits practiced by the Belt and Road Initiative is an essential part of the governance philosophy of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The vision of the Belt and Road Initiative dedicated to benefiting the world is also a direct manifestation of the Chinese Communists in the New Era embracing the world with a broad vision.

进入新时代，中国特色社会主义以其新的发展成效，为世界发展提供了新的机遇，注入了新的活力。中国特色社会主义秉承共同发展的理念，在实现自身发展的同时，也促进和带动了世界经济的增长。中国打造出完备的基础设施、健全的产业体系，为世界各国企业的发展和技术创新提供了良好的平台。中国形成的规模与潜力巨大的市场，为各国企业投资和发展提供了新的机遇，也对促进世界经济复苏发挥了重要作用。中国倡导建立亚洲基础设施投资银行等金融机构，举办各类国际经贸盛会，对于建设开放型世界经济发挥着重要推进作用。中国特色社会主义秉承开放包容、互联互通、共同发展的理念，顺应经济全球化的内在要求，引导经济全球化朝着更加普惠的方向发展。面对经济全球化中的单边主义、贸易保护主义逆流，中国也以自己的方式为经济全球化注入新的动力。例如，推进高水平对外开放，加快自贸区建设，支持和维护多边体制，推动国家间的联动发展，促进贸易和投资自由化便利化，等等。这些努力推动了经济全球化的平衡发展、普惠发展。与此同时，中国特色社会主义还为世界贡献了普惠性的公共产品，即“一带一路”。这一公共产品创造了全新的国际合作模式，集中体现了中国特色社会主义扩大对外开放、促进共同发展的理念和实践创新。“一带一路”为沿线国家和地区提供了发展机遇，为发展中国家的发展注入了活力，同时也为推动构建人类命运共同体提供了实践平台。“一带一路”所践行的共商共建共享原则，是中国特色社会主义治理理念的题中之义。“一带一路 ”致力于造福天下的构想，也是新时代中国共产党人胸怀天下的直接体现。

(5) The New Era further enhances the demonstration effect of socialism with Chinese characteristics

（五）新时代进一步增强了中国特色社会主义的示范效应

Entering the New Era, socialism with Chinese characteristics has formed a new demonstration effect through its innovative practice. In the course of human social development and modernization, the development of various countries and nations influences one another, and the demonstration effect produced by certain good practices and experiences is often more direct and concrete than mere ideas and theories. The demonstration effect of socialism with Chinese characteristics is multifaceted. For example, the formation and advancement of whole-process people’s democracy both embodies the common values and common pursuits of all humanity and breaks free from the inherent model of Western electoral democracy based on “one person, one vote,” providing a Chinese example for safeguarding people’s rights and interests and expanding people’s political participation. Promoting the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature both responds to increasingly severe environmental problems and reflects a new height in China’s planning and promoting development; China’s practices and experiences in transforming its development model and forming green production methods and lifestyles have attracted increasing attention and recognition. By advancing agricultural industrialization, rural community development, and the professionalization of farmers, and accelerating the pace of rural agricultural modernization, it provides new reference for the modernization of developing countries. In particular, the advancement and expansion of Chinese-path modernization “has solved many of the problems facing human social development, abandoned the Western path of modernization centered on capital, modernization characterized by polarization, modernization swollen with materialism, and modernization involving external expansion and plunder, expanded the pathways for developing countries to achieve modernization, and provided a Chinese solution for humanity’s exploration of a better social system.”

进入新时代，中国特色社会主义以其创新性实践形成了新的示范效应。在人类社会发展和现代化进程中，各个国家和民族的发展是相互影响的，尤其是一些好的做法和经验所产生的示范作用，往往比单纯的思想理念更直接、更具体。中国特色社会主义的示范效应是多方面的，例如，全过程人民民主的形成和推进，既体现了全人类的共同价值、共同追求，又摆脱了“一人一票”的西方选举民主的固有模式，为保障人民权益、扩大人民政治参与提供了中国范例；推动实现人与自然和谐共生，既体现了对日益严峻的环境问题的回应，又反映了中国谋划发展、促进发展的新高度，中国在转变发展方式、形成绿色生产方式和生活方式方面的做法和经验，已引起越来越多的关注和认同；通过推进农业产业化、农村社区化、农民职业化，加快农村农业现代化的步伐，为发展中国家的现代化提供了新的借鉴，尤其是中国式现代化的推进和拓展，“破解了人类社会发展的诸多难题，摒弃了西方以资本为中心的现代化、两极分化的现代化、物质主义膨胀的现代化、对外扩张掠夺的现代化老路，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供了中国方案”。

III. Valuable Experiences and Insights

三、弥足珍贵的经验启示

In the process of advancing reform and opening up and creating and expanding socialism with Chinese characteristics, while achieving tremendous successes, we have also accumulated many valuable experiences and gained many profound insights. These experiences and insights have important and far-reaching significance for both current and future development.

在推进改革开放、开创和拓展中国特色社会主义的过程中，我们在取得巨大成就的同时，也积累了许多宝贵经验，获得了许多深刻启示。这些经验启示，对当下的发展和未来的发展都有重要而深远的意义。

(1) Continuously Advancing Theoretical Innovation on the Basis of Practice

（一）不断推进实践基础上的理论创新

Marxism is the theoretical foundation of the Communist Party of China. To advance reform and opening up and uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to adhere to Marxism. One important experience of the CPC in adhering to Marxism is to base itself on reality, develop Marxism on the basis of practice, and guide new practice with developed Marxism. This is also an important reason why the CPC has always been able to stand at the forefront of the times and lead social development and progress. Reform and opening up, and upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, are both new practices. New practices require new theories to guide them, and at the same time provide new conditions and experiences for creating new theories. Reform and opening up, and upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, are also a process of continuously raising and answering questions. The CPC insists on using Marxism to answer new questions in practice, forming new understandings in the process of answering questions, thereby also achieving theoretical innovation on the basis of practice. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are the theoretical innovations achieved by the CPC in the practice of advancing reform and opening up and upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Only with such theoretical innovation can there be the continuous deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

马克思主义是中国共产党的理论基础。推进改革开放，坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，必须坚持马克思主义。中国共产党坚持马克思主义的一条重要经验，就是立足于现实，在实践的基础上发展马克思主义，用发展着的马克思主义指导新的实践。这也是中国共产党能够始终站在时代前列、引领社会发展进步的重要原因。改革开放、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，都是新的实践。新的实践需要有新的理论来引领，同时也为创造新的理论提供了新的条件和经验。改革开放、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，同时也是一个不断提出问题、解答问题的过程。中国共产党坚持用马克思主义解答实践中的新问题，在解答问题的过程中形成新的认识，从而也实现了实践基础上的理论创新。中国特色社会主义理论体系、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，就是中国共产党在推进改革开放、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的实践中实现的理论创新。有了这样的理论创新，才能有改革开放的不断深化和中国特色社会主义的不断发展。

(2) Adhering to Independent Practical Exploration

（二）坚持独立自主的实践探索

Due to differences in historical conditions, cultural traditions, and other factors, the development paths and models of different countries are necessarily diverse; there cannot be a fixed model suitable for all countries. For any country, to better advance social development and modernization, it must base itself on its own national conditions and conduct independent exploration. Creating socialism with Chinese characteristics in the course of reform and opening up is a new great achievement created by the CPC and the Chinese people through adhering to independent exploration. Xi Jinping pointed out: “No nation can achieve its own development and revitalization by blindly following the path of others, nor is there a single, unchanging path that can guide all nations to achieve development and revitalization; all nations that have successfully achieved development and revitalization have found a path suited to their own reality.” Adhering to independent practical exploration is a valuable experience of the CPC, embodying both its profound understanding of the laws of social development and its firm conviction in grasping the destiny of the country and the nation. This practical spirit of independent exploration also provides important reference for those countries and nations striving to maintain their own independence in the process of modernization.

由于历史条件、文化传统等不同，不同国家的发展道路、发展方式肯定是多种多样的，不可能有适合一切国家的固定模式。对于任何一个国家来说，要更好地推进社会发展和现代化建设，都必须立足于自身国情，进行独立自主的探索。在改革开放中开创中国特色社会主义，是中国共产党和中国人民坚持独立自主探索创造的新的伟大成就。习近平指出：“世界上没有一个民族能够亦步亦趋走别人的道路实现自己的发展振兴，也没有一种一成不变的道路可以引导所有民族实现发展振兴；一切成功发展振兴的民族，都是找到了适合自己实际的道路的民族。”坚持独立自主的实践探索，是中国共产党的宝贵经验，既体现着其对社会发展规律的深刻认识，也体现了其对把握国家和民族前途命运的坚定信念。这种独立自主探索的实践精神也为那些在现代化进程中努力保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了重要借鉴。

(3) Prioritizing the Protection and Safeguarding of People’s Rights and Interests

（三）把维护和保障人民权益置于首位

An important reason why reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics have been able to win the support and endorsement of the masses and achieve sustained success is that the CPC has always adhered to a people-centered approach and always prioritized the protection and safeguarding of people’s rights and interests in the process of advancing reform and opening up and creating socialism with Chinese characteristics. This development principle runs through all aspects of social development and is manifested in all fields and links of social development. For example, economic construction has always focused on improving the people’s living standards and quality of life; political construction has always focused on safeguarding the people’s democratic and freedom rights; cultural construction has always focused on meeting the people’s spiritual and cultural needs and enriching their spiritual world; social construction has always focused on ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods; ecological civilization construction has always focused on building a beautiful homeland and achieving harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. While safeguarding the overall rights and interests of society, the CPC also pays attention to reflecting and balancing the legitimate rights, interests, and demands of different groups and strata, coordinating the rights and interests relationships in all aspects, and ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of every member of society. Whether the interests of the people are safeguarded and their rights are protected has also become an important criterion for measuring the success or failure of reform and opening up and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

改革开放和中国特色社会主义之所以能够赢得人民群众的拥护和支持，之所以能够持续取得成功，一个重要的原因就在于中国共产党在推进改革开放、开创中国特色社会主义的过程中始终坚持以人民为中心，始终把维护和保障人民权益置于首位。这样的发展原则贯穿于社会发展的各个方面，体现在社会发展的各个领域、各个环节。例如，经济建设始终着力于提高人民生活水平、生活质量；政治建设始终着力于保障人民的民主自由权利；文化建设始终着力于满足人民的精神文化需要，丰富人民的精神世界；社会建设始终着力于保障和改善民生；生态文明建设始终着力于建设美丽家园，实现人与自然和谐共生。在维护和保障社会整体权益的同时，中国共产党也注重反映和兼顾不同群体、不同阶层的正当权益和诉求，协调好各方面的权益关系，保障好每一位社会成员的合法权益。人民群众的利益是否得到维护，权利是否得到保障，也成为衡量改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业成败的重要尺度。

(4) Providing Stable Development Expectations for Society

（四）为社会提供稳定的发展预期

Stable expectations for social development are an important condition for the healthy and stable development of the economy and society. In the process of advancing reform and opening up and creating socialism with Chinese characteristics, the CPC, based on the development process of Chinese socialism and following the laws of social development, established phased goals for social development and formulated medium- and long-term development plans for the economy and society, giving China’s development clear and stable expectations. Since reform and opening up, the CPC has proposed the “three-step” strategy for socialist modernization and established the “two centenary goals.” [8]8 The “two centenary goals” are: (1) building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021; (2) building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049. Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, on the basis of completing the first centenary goal, has also made a “two-step” strategic arrangement for the second centenary goal. [9]9 The “two-step” strategic arrangement for the second centenary goal refers to: (1) basically realizing socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035; (2) building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful from 2035 to the middle of the 21st century. At the same time, the CPC has formed a goal system from solving the problem of food and clothing to achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to basically realizing modernization, and then to building a great modern socialist country. Such strategic planning and goal system reflect the long-term and processual nature of social development, maintain the continuity and stability of development, and are close to the aspirations and expectations of the people. It not only provides stable development expectations for society but also helps boost the people’s confidence in development. Another important manifestation of providing stable development expectations for society is the use of “five-year plans” to make top-level designs and specific arrangements for economic and social development. The formulation and implementation of such plans can effectively solve the prominent contradictions and problems faced in the process of economic and social development, ensuring that the national and social development strategies and goals are implemented in succession. This experience also provides reference for the development of other countries.

社会发展有稳定的预期，是经济社会健康平稳发展的重要条件。在推进改革开放、开创中国特色社会主义的过程中，中国共产党根据中国社会主义的发展进程，遵循社会发展规律，确立了社会发展的阶段性目标，制定了经济社会发展的中长期发展规划，使中国的发展有了明确稳定的预期。改革开放以来，中国共产党提出了社会主义现代化建设的“三步走”战略，确立了“两个一百年”奋斗目标。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在完成第一个百年奋斗目标的基础上，又对第二个百年奋斗目标作出了“两步走”的战略安排。与此同时，中国共产党形成了从解决温饱到初步小康、到全面小康、到基本实现现代化、再到建成现代化强国的目标体系。这样的战略规划和目标体系，体现了社会发展的长期性、过程性，保持了发展的连续性、稳定性，贴近了人民群众的愿望和期待，不仅为社会提供了稳定的发展预期，也有助于提振人民群众的发展信心。为社会提供稳定发展预期的另一个重要体现，就是以“五年规划”的形式对经济社会发展作出顶层设计、具体安排。这种规划的编制和实施，可以有效解决经济社会发展过程中面临的突出矛盾和问题，使国家和社会的发展战略和奋斗目标得以接力落实。这样的经验也为其他国家的发展提供了借鉴。

(5) Actively Integrating One’s Own Development into World Development

（五）把自身发展主动融入世界发展

The world is an organic whole, and economic globalization in particular closely links the development of all countries. Closing the door to engage in construction not only leads to backwardness but also easily deviates from the track of human civilization’s progress. Since reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has conformed to the trend of economic globalization, established opening up to the outside world as a basic state policy, and actively and proactively integrated its own development into world development. Extensive and close ties with the world have not only expanded the space for development, brought comparative advantages into play, and enabled us to obtain comparative benefits, but have also created ample conditions for us to learn from and draw on the advanced experience of other countries and nations and to absorb the outstanding achievements of human civilization. The continuous expansion of economic ties has enabled China and other countries of the world to form multi-layered points of converging interests and to forge multi-form communities of shared interests. Through positive interaction with the countries of the world, China has created a situation of mutual benefit, win-win cooperation, and common development. Entering the New Era, China has implemented a more proactive opening-up strategy, promoting the deep integration of China’s development with world development. This is conducive both to China continuing to draw external impetus and to enabling China’s development to better benefit the world. The profound changes in the relationship between China and the world, coupled with China’s rapid development, highlight China’s status and role in world development. China is making new contributions to world development through its own new development.

世界是一个有机的整体，经济全球化更是把世界各国的发展紧密联系在一起。关起门来搞建设，不仅会导致落后，也容易偏离人类文明进步的轨道。改革开放以来，中国共产党顺应经济全球化的潮流，把对外开放确立为基本国策，积极主动地把自身发展融入世界发展。同世界广泛且紧密的联系，不仅拓展了发展的空间，发挥了比较优势，使我们获得了比较利益，还为我们学习借鉴其他国家和民族的先进经验、吸纳人类优秀文明成果创造了充分条件。不断扩大经济联系，使中国与世界各国形成了多层次的利益交汇点，结成了多形式的利益共同体。中国在同世界各国的良性互动中，形成了互利共赢、共同发展的局面。进入新时代，中国实行更加积极主动的开放战略，推进了中国发展同世界发展的深度融合。这既有利于中国继续汲取外部动力，也可以让中国发展更好地惠及世界。中国与世界关系的深刻变化，加之中国的快速发展，凸显了中国在世界发展中的地位和作用，中国正在以自身新的发展为世界发展作出新的贡献。

(6) Fully Exerting the Party’s Core Leadership Role

（六）充分发挥党的领导核心作用

Upholding the Party’s leadership and fully exerting its core leadership role is the fundamental guarantee for us to advance reform and opening up, uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and build a modern socialist country. Samuel Huntington pointed out: “The stability of a modernizing political system depends on the strength of its political parties.” Our experience shows even more fully: “As the guiding and driving force of the modernization cause, a political party’s values, leadership level, governance capacity, spiritual outlook, and will and character directly affect the future and destiny of national modernization.” The Communist Party of China, as the highest political force in contemporary China, is composed of advanced elements of society, guided by scientific theory, and at the same time possesses a scientific and rigorous organizational system and a fine tradition of close ties with the masses. It therefore has strong organizational and governance capabilities. The existence of such a political force and leadership core is the fundamental guarantee for national political stability and social harmony. The Communist Party of China differs from political parties in Western countries. It

坚持党的领导、充分发挥党的领导核心作用，是我们推进改革开放、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、建设社会主义现代化国家的根本保障。塞缪尔·亨廷顿指出：“一个现代化中政治体系的安定，取决其政党的力量。”我们的经验更加充分地表明：“作为现代化事业的引领和推动力量，政党的价值理念、领导水平、治理能力、精神风貌、意志品质直接关系国家现代化的前途命运。”中国共产党作为当代中国的最高政治力量，由社会先进分子组成，有科学理论作指导，同时有科学严密的组织体系，有密切联系群众的优良传统，因而具有强大的组织能力和治理能力。有这样一个政治力量、领导核心存在，是国家政局稳定、社会和谐的根本保证。中国共产党不同于西方国家的政党，它不是任何利益集团的代表，也没有任何自己的私利，而是代表了整个社会的利益。中国共产党的执政可以超越各种利益关系的局限性，从党和国家事业发展的全局和长远出发，制定以实现社会整体利益为目标、兼顾各方面利益的方针政策，以保证社会能够实现持续稳定繁荣发展，使人民群众能够共享发展成果。尤其重要的是，中国共产党发挥着总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，可以有效避免政治纷争造成的社会内耗，形成社会发展的强大合力。这是我们的独到经验，也是我们的独特优势。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心