Who Judges Democracy and How

Democracy is a common value of all humanity and an important concept to which the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people have always steadfastly adhered. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has comprehensively summarized the achievements and experience of China's socialist democratic political construction, deepened understanding of the laws governing the development of democratic politics, and put forward the major concept of whole-process people's democracy. General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly elucidated major issues such as who judges democracy and how it is judged, and emphasized: "Democracy is the right of the people of every country, not the patent of a few. Whether a country is democratic should be judged by its own people, not dictated by a few outsiders. Whether a country in the international community is democratic should be judged jointly by the international community, not by a few self-righteous countries." [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, July 1, 2016. Earnestly studying and comprehending General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on democracy holds great theoretical and practical significance for strengthening confidence in the system, adhering to the path of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, upholding and improving the People's Congress system, and continuously developing whole-process people's democracy.

民主是全人类的共同价值，是中国共产党和中国人民始终不渝坚持的重要理念。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记全面总结我国社会主义民主政治建设的成就和经验，深化对民主政治发展规律的认识，提出全过程人民民主重大理念。习近平总书记深刻阐明民主由谁评判、怎么评判等重大问题并强调：“民主是各国人民的权利，而不是少数国家的专利。一个国家是不是民主，应该由这个国家的人民来评判，而不应该由外部少数人指手画脚来评判。国际社会哪个国家是不是民主的，应该由国际社会共同来评判，而不应该由自以为是的少数国家来评判。” 认真学习领悟习近平总书记关于民主的重要论述，对坚定制度自信、坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路、坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、不断发展全过程人民民主具有重大理论意义和实践意义。

I. Who Should Judge Whether a Country Is Democratic

一、一个国家是不是民主，应由谁来评判

Democracy, as an important mode of state governance and social governance, should embody the principle of majority decision in public policy. Democracy is not the democracy of a minority, nor is it the "privilege" or "patent" of a minority; whether "democracy is democratic" cannot be judged by the minority who actually enjoy democracy. During the period of the French bourgeois revolution, bourgeois thinkers, starting from opposing the feudal privilege system, put forward the "theory of popular sovereignty" and emphasized that the subject of democracy is the people, negating the ancient Greek-style "aristocratic democracy." [2]2 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. However, in practice, bourgeois democracy only emphasized private ownership and the discourse power of capital, essentially making capitalist democracy the democracy of the wealthy, a "plutocracy." Only when democracy develops to the stage of proletarian democracy does the subject of democracy truly break free from the constraints of capital and benefit the ordinary masses of society.

民主作为国家治理和社会治理的重要方式，应体现公共决策中的多数人决定原则。民主不是少数人的民主，也不是少数人的“特权”和“专利”，“民主不民主”也不能由实际享受民主的少数人来判断。法国资产阶级大革命时期，资产阶级思想家从反对封建特权制度出发，提出了“人民主权说”，并强调了民主的主体是人民，否定了古希腊式的“贵族民主”。但资产阶级民主在实践过程中只是强调了私有制和资本的话语权，本质上使资本主义民主成为有钱人的民主、“钱主”。民主只有发展到了无产阶级民主阶段，民主的主体才真正地摆脱了资本的约束，惠及普通的社会大众。

Realizing people's democracy is the great banner the Communist Party of China has always held high and the important concept it has upheld. In various historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform and opening up, our Party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in arduous exploration and unremitting struggle to realize the people being the masters of the country. It has gradually established and improved a complete set of institutional systems and procedural mechanisms, successfully opened up and adhered to the path of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. People's democracy has become the political cornerstone of the socialist state and a significant advantage of the socialist system. The Chinese people have truly become the masters of the country, society, and their own destiny.

实现人民民主，是中国共产党始终高举的伟大旗帜和坚持的重要理念。在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期，我们党团结带领各族人民为实现人民当家作主进行艰辛探索、不懈奋斗，逐步建立健全一套完整的制度体系和程序机制，成功开辟和坚持了中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，人民民主成为社会主义国家的政治基石和社会主义制度的显著优势，中国人民真正成为国家、社会和自己命运的主人。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on a new historical orientation, has profoundly grasped the new changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, actively responded to the people's new demands and expectations for democracy, rule of law, fairness, and justice, adhered to the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and law-based governance, deepened understanding of the laws governing the development of democratic politics, put forward the major concept of whole-process people's democracy, improved the institutional system for the people being the masters of the country, leveraged the important role of socialist consultative democracy, enriched democratic forms, unblocked democratic channels, expanded orderly political participation of the people at all levels and in all fields, and promoted historic achievements in whole-process people's democracy, making it a landmark achievement of major innovative significance in the field of China's democratic politics in the New Era.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足新的历史方位，深刻把握我国社会主要矛盾发生的新变化，积极回应人民对民主法治、公平正义的新要求新期待，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，深化对民主政治发展规律的认识，提出全过程人民民主重大理念，健全人民当家作主制度体系，发挥社会主义协商民主重要作用，丰富民主形式，畅通民主渠道，从各层次各领域扩大人民有序政治参与，推动全过程人民民主取得历史性成就，成为新时代我国民主政治领域具有重大创新意义的标志性成果。

Democracy, as a common value of all humanity, is the right of the people of every country, not the patent of a few. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "There are multiple ways to realize democracy, and it cannot be uniform. Using a single yardstick to measure the world's diverse political systems and viewing the colorful political civilizations of humanity with monotonous eyes is itself undemocratic." Countries have different national conditions. Each country's political system is unique, determined by its own people, and is the result of long-term development, gradual improvement, and endogenous evolution based on the country's historical heritage, cultural traditions, and economic and social development.

民主，作为全人类的共同价值，是各国人民的权利，而不是少数国家的专利。正如习近平总书记所指出：“实现民主有多种方式，不可能千篇一律。用单一的标尺衡量世界丰富多彩的政治制度，用单调的眼光审视人类五彩缤纷的政治文明，本身就是不民主的。”各国国情不同，每个国家的政治制度都是独特的，都是由这个国家的人民决定的，都是在这个国家历史传承、文化传统、经济社会发展的基础上长期发展、渐进改进、内生性演化的结果。

China adheres to developing whole-process people's democracy and improving the institutional system for the people being the masters of the country. This is determined by the Chinese people themselves, an inevitable choice made by adhering to national conditions and reality, and the result of long-term development, gradual improvement, and endogenous evolution based on historical heritage, cultural traditions, and economic and social development. The reason whole-process people's democracy works and is truly effective is that it has grown from China's social soil. To continue to thrive in the future, it must also be deeply rooted in China's social soil.

我国坚持发展全过程人民民主，健全人民当家作主制度体系，这是由我国人民决定的，是坚持从国情出发、从实际出发作出的必然选择，是在历史传承、文化传统、经济社会发展的基础上长期发展、渐进改进、内生性演化的结果。全过程人民民主之所以行得通、真管用，就是因为它是从中国的社会土壤中生长起来的，未来要继续茁壮成长，也必须深深扎根于中国的社会土壤。

The subject of whole-process people's democracy is the people, and its ultimate goal is to ensure the people are the masters of the country. The people being the masters of the country is the essence and core of socialist democratic politics. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Communist Party of China is rooted in the people and its bloodline flows from the people. It must adhere to putting the people first, rely closely on the people, continuously benefit the people, and firmly take root among the people; it must develop socialist democratic politics and use the institutional system to ensure the people are the masters of the country. Developing whole-process people's democracy embodies the Party's ideals and beliefs, fundamental stance, original aspiration and founding mission, embodies our Party's fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and embodies the constitutional principle that all power in the country belongs to the people. The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing whole-process people's democracy, which means supporting and ensuring the people are the masters of the country, enabling the more than 1.4 billion people to exercise state power through democratic systems in all fields and democratic channels at all levels, and realizing the people's aspiration for a better life.

全过程人民民主的主体是人民，最终目的是保障人民当家作主。人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。习近平总书记强调，中国共产党根基在人民、血脉在人民，要坚持人民至上、紧紧依靠人民、不断造福人民、牢牢植根人民；要发展社会主义民主政治，用制度体系保证人民当家作主。发展全过程人民民主，体现党的理想信念、根本立场、初心使命，体现我们党全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，体现我国一切权力属于人民的宪法原则。中国共产党领导人民发展全过程人民民主，就是支持和保障人民当家作主，使14亿多人民通过各领域民主制度和各层次民主渠道行使国家权力，实现人民对美好生活的向往。

II. How to Judge Whether a Country's Political System Is Democratic

二、一个国家政治制度是不是民主的，怎么评判

In 2014, at a ceremony marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech, clearly putting forward the "eight can or cannot" criteria for evaluating whether a country's political system is democratic and effective. [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central People’s Congress Work Conference, October 13, 2021. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To evaluate whether a country's political system is democratic and effective, the main criteria are: whether the country's leadership can be replaced in an orderly manner according to law; whether all the people can manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural undertakings according to law; whether the people can express their interests and demands without hindrance; whether all sectors of society can effectively participate in the country's political life; whether national decision-making can be made in a scientific and democratic way; whether talented people from all walks of life can enter the national leadership and management system through fair competition; whether the ruling party can exercise leadership over state affairs in accordance with the constitution and laws; and whether the exercise of power can be effectively checked and supervised."

2014年，习近平总书记在庆祝全国人民代表大会成立60周年大会上发表重要讲话，鲜明提出评价一个国家政治制度是不是民主的、有效的“八个能否”标准。习近平总书记指出：“评价一个国家政治制度是不是民主的、有效的，主要看国家领导层能否依法有序更替，全体人民能否依法管理国家事务和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业，人民群众能否畅通表达利益要求，社会各方面能否有效参与国家政治生活，国家决策能否实现科学化、民主化，各方面人才能否通过公平竞争进入国家领导和管理体系，执政党能否依照宪法法律规定实现对国家事务的领导，权力运用能否得到有效制约和监督”。

At the Central People's Congress Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping once again emphasized the "eight can or cannot" criteria and creatively put forward the "four looks, four more looks" criteria for whether a country is democratic. [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central People’s Congress Work Conference, October 13, 2021. He pointed out: "Whether a country is democratic depends crucially on whether the people are truly the masters of the country. It depends on whether the people have the right to vote, and more importantly, whether they have the right to extensive participation; it depends on what promises the people are given during elections, and more importantly, how many of these promises are fulfilled after the elections; it depends on what political procedures and rules are stipulated by the system and laws, and more importantly, whether these systems and laws are truly implemented; it depends on whether the rules and procedures for the exercise of power are democratic, and more importantly, whether power is truly subject to the supervision and checks of the people." [5]5 “Historical cycle of rise and fall” refers to the pattern of dynastic cycles in Chinese history, where a ruling house rises, flourishes, and then declines and falls. The CPC’s concept of self-revolution is presented as a way to break out of this cycle. Treating the Western-style democratic model as the sole criterion is very narrow-minded. If the people are only awakened when voting and fall into a dormant period after voting, only listen to grandiose slogans during election campaigns and have no say after the elections, only feel favored during vote canvassing and are ignored after the elections, such democracy is not true democracy. This series of important expositions by General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elucidates our Party's stance, viewpoint, and method on democracy, marks a new height in our Party's understanding of the laws governing the development of democratic politics, and contributes Chinese wisdom to promoting the progress of human political civilization.

在中央人大工作会议上，习近平总书记再次强调了“八个能否”的标准，并创造性地提出了一个国家民主不民主“四个要看、四个更要看”的标准，他指出，“一个国家民主不民主，关键在于是不是真正做到了人民当家作主，要看人民有没有投票权，更要看人民有没有广泛参与权；要看人民在选举过程中得到了什么口头许诺，更要看选举后这些承诺实现了多少；要看制度和法律规定了什么样的政治程序和政治规则，更要看这些制度和法律是不是真正得到了执行；要看权力运行规则和程序是否民主，更要看权力是否真正受到人民监督和制约。” 将西式民主模式奉为圭臬，这是非常狭隘的。如果人民只有在投票时被唤醒、投票后就进入休眠期，只有竞选时聆听天花乱坠的口号、竞选后就毫无发言权，只有拉票时受宠、选举后就被冷落，这样的民主不是真正的民主。习近平总书记的这一系列重要论述，深刻阐明了我们党关于民主的立场、观点、方法，标志着我们党对民主政治发展规律的认识达到了新高度，为推动人类政治文明进步贡献了中国智慧。

History and practice have fully proven that China’s political system can effectively ensure that the people enjoy broader and more substantial rights and freedoms, guaranteeing their extensive participation in national and social governance; it can effectively regulate political relations among the state, develop vibrant relations among political parties, ethnic groups, religions, social strata, and compatriots at home and abroad, enhance national cohesion, and create a stable and united political situation; it can concentrate resources to accomplish major tasks, effectively promote the liberation and development of social productive forces, advance all undertakings of modernization, and continuously raise the quality and standard of living of the people; and it can effectively safeguard national independence and autonomy, resolutely protect national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and uphold the well-being of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.

历史和实践充分证明，中国的政治制度能够有效保证人民享有更加广泛、更加充实的权利和自由，保证人民广泛参加国家治理和社会治理；能够有效调节国家政治关系，发展充满活力的政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系，增强民族凝聚力，形成安定团结的政治局面；能够集中力量办大事，有效促进社会生产力解放和发展，促进现代化建设各项事业，促进人民生活质量和水平不断提高；能够有效维护国家独立自主，有力维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，维护中国人民和中华民族的福祉。

In our country, the people being the masters of the country is concretely and realistically embodied in the governance of the Chinese Communist Party and the administration of the state, in the work of all aspects and levels of the Party and state organs, and in the people’s realization and development of their own interests. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “Our Party develops whole-process people’s democracy, expands democratic channels, enriches democratic forms, broadens the people’s orderly political participation, and ensures that the people, in accordance with the law, manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs through various channels and forms, and invest themselves with the spirit of being masters of the country into the cause of modernization.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, July 1, 2016. Practice has proven that our whole-process people’s democracy is a new type of democracy that can ensure the hundreds of millions of people are the masters of the country and firmly hold the destiny of the nation and the state in their own hands.

在我国，人民当家作主具体地、现实地体现在中国共产党执政和国家治理中，体现在中国共产党和国家机关各个方面、各个层级的工作中，体现在人民对自身利益的实现和发展中。习近平总书记强调：“我们党发展全过程人民民主，拓展民主渠道，丰富民主形式，扩大人民有序政治参与，确保人民依法通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务，以主人翁精神满怀热忱地投入到现代化建设中来。”实践证明，我国全过程人民民主是能够保证亿万人民当家作主、把国家和民族的前途命运牢牢掌握在自己手中的新型民主。

III. Our Whole-Process People’s Democracy Is the Most Extensive, Most Genuine, and Most Effective Socialist Democracy

三、我国全过程人民民主是最广泛、最真实、最管用的社会主义民主

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that whole-process people’s democracy is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics and is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective democracy. [2]2 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. Our whole-process people’s democracy achieves the unity of procedural democracy and substantive democracy, of direct democracy and indirect democracy, and of people’s democracy and the will of the state. It is a democracy that covers the entire chain, all aspects, and all areas, and is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective socialist democracy.

党的二十大报告指出，全过程人民民主是社会主义民主政治的本质属性，是最广泛、最真实、最管用的民主。我国全过程人民民主实现了过程民主和成果民主、程序民主和实质民主、直接民主和间接民主、人民民主和国家意志相统一，是全链条、全方位、全覆盖的民主，是最广泛、最真实、最管用的社会主义民主。

The most extensive democracy. “Our whole-process people’s democracy not only has a complete set of institutional procedures but also has a complete set of participatory practices.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central People’s Congress Work Conference, October 13, 2021. All of our systems are designed and constructed around the people being the masters of the country, and the entire state governance system operates around this principle. The complete set of institutional procedures is reflected in our state system, form of government, and the series of basic political systems implemented, forming a system of institutions for the people being the masters of the country and constructing diverse, smooth, and orderly democratic channels. The basic content of this set of institutional procedures has been clearly written into the Party Constitution and the Constitution and laws, providing institutional guarantees for the development of whole-process people’s democracy. Regarding the complete set of participatory practices, this is reflected in the people’s exercise of democracy in all aspects and links in accordance with the law; the people manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs through various channels and forms in accordance with the law, realizing the people being the masters of the country with broad content and rich levels. In our country, the people not only have the right to elect and vote but also have the right to extensive participation; they can not only express their will but also effectively realize it; they not only promote national development but also share in the fruits of development. Whole-process people’s democracy runs through the “all aspects” of national political life and social life, achieving “full coverage” of all undertakings and work in the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization fields.

最广泛的民主。“我国全过程人民民主不仅有完整的制度程序，而且有完整的参与实践。”我国的各项制度都是围绕人民当家作主设计和构建，整个国家治理体系都是围绕人民当家作主运转。完整的制度程序，体现在我国的国体、政体和实行的一系列基本政治制度上，形成人民当家作主制度体系，构建了多样、畅通、有序的民主渠道。这一套制度程序的基本内容，都已明确写入党章和宪法法律，为发展全过程人民民主提供了制度保证。关于完整的参与实践，体现在人民依法实行民主的各方面各环节，人民依法通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务，实现内容广泛、层次丰富的当家作主。在我国，人民不仅有选举、投票的权利，也有广泛参与的权利；不仅能表达自己的意愿，也能有效实现意愿；不仅推动国家发展，也共享发展成果。全过程人民民主贯通国家政治生活和社会生活“全方位”，做到对经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等各方面事业和各项工作“全覆盖”。

The most genuine democracy. In socialist China, the Chinese Communist Party is the faithful representative of the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people; all its theories, lines, principles, and policies, and all its work deployments and arrangements are for the people, formulated and implemented for the people’s interests. Under the leadership of the Party, the people, in accordance with the Constitution and legal provisions, participate through various channels and forms in national political decisions and public social decisions, manage various state affairs, and effectively safeguard their own rights and interests. Whole-process people’s democracy is a democracy of the “entire chain.” The people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms in accordance with the law and exercise their democratic rights through multiple channels and forms. This is reflected not only in elections and voting held every few years but also in decisions on major public affairs concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood, and in other links of state governance such as democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision. Each link is interlocked and interconnected, fully safeguarding the people’s rights to be informed, to participate, to express, and to oversee. Therefore, whole-process people’s democracy is the most genuine democracy.

最真实的民主。在社会主义中国，中国共产党是最广大人民根本利益的忠实代表，其一切理论和路线方针政策，其一切工作部署和安排都是为了人民，为人民利益 而制定和实施；人民群众在党的领导下，依照宪法和法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，参与国家政治决策和社会公共决策，管理国家各项事务，有效保障自身权益。全过程人民民主是“全链条”的民主，人民依法享有广泛权利和自由，通过多种渠道和途径行使民主权利，不仅体现在几年一次的投票选举上，还体现在关系国计民生的重大公共事务决策上，体现在民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督等国家治理其他环节，各个环节环环相扣、彼此贯通，充分保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。因此，全过程人民民主是最真实的民主。

The most effective democracy. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Democracy is not an ornament, nor is it meant to be a display; it is meant to be used to solve the problems that the people need to solve.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central People’s Congress Work Conference, October 13, 2021. Ensuring and supporting the people being the masters of the country is not a slogan or empty talk; it must be embodied and guaranteed through certain systems. The Chinese Communist Party adheres to the principal position of the people, proceeds from China’s national conditions and reality, and has established a system of institutions for the people being the masters of the country, consisting of the fundamental political system of the People’s Congress system, and the basic political systems of the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of grassroots self-governance. This system of institutions provides a complete set of institutional procedures for whole-process people’s democracy. Among them, the People’s Congress system is an important institutional vehicle for realizing our whole-process people’s democracy and is an important pathway and the highest form of realization for ensuring that the Chinese people are the masters of the country. The People’s Congress system upholds the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, effectively ensuring that the state advances along the socialist path; it adheres to the principle that all state power belongs to the people, maximizing the guarantee that the people are the masters of the country; it organically integrates Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and law-based governance, effectively ensuring that state governance escapes the historical cycle of rise and fall; [5]5 “Historical cycle of rise and fall” refers to the pattern of dynastic cycles in Chinese history, where a ruling house rises, flourishes, and then declines and falls. The CPC’s concept of self-revolution is presented as a way to break out of this cycle. and it effectively ensures the coordinated and efficient operation of state organs, the unified and efficient organization of various undertakings by the state, the maintenance of national unity and ethnic solidarity, and the effective guarantee that national political life is both vibrant and stable and orderly. At the Central People’s Congress Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: “The democracy talked about in capitalist society is bourgeois democracy, in fact the democracy of monopoly capital, nothing more than multi-party elections, separation of powers, and a bicameral system. Our system is the People’s Congress system, a people’s democratic system under the leadership of the Communist Party; we cannot engage in that Western stuff. The greatest superiority of a socialist state is that when it comes to doing one thing, once a decision is made, once a resolution is passed, it is immediately implemented without being held up.” [6]6 Deng Xiaoping, “Remarks on the Reform of the Political Structure,” September–November 1986. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the key to developing socialist democratic politics is to fully bring out the characteristics and advantages of our socialist democratic politics, continuously advance the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of socialist democratic politics, and provide more complete institutional guarantees for the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the state. Practice shows that the better the advantages of the People’s Congress system are brought into play, the more guaranteed whole-process people’s democracy will be.

最管用的民主。习近平总书记指出：“民主不是装饰品，不是用来做摆设的，而是要用来解决人民需要解决的问题的。”保证和支持人民当家作主不是一句口号，不是一句空话，必须通过一定的制度予以体现和保障。中国共产党坚持人民主体地位，从我国国情和实际出发，建立起以人民代表大会制度这一根本政治制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度、基层群众自治制度等基本政治制度，构成人民当家作主制度体系。这一制度体系为全过程人民民主提供了完整的制度程序。其中，人民代表大会制度是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体，是保证中国人民当家作主的重要途径和最高实现形式。人民代表大会制度，坚持中国共产党领导，有效保证国家沿着社会主义道路前进；坚持国家一切权力属于人民，最大限度保障人民当家作主；把党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一起来，有效保证国家治理跳出治乱兴衰的历史周期率；切实保证了国家机关协调高效运转、实现国家统一高效组织各项事业，维护国家统一和民族团结，有效保证国家政治生活既充满活力又安定有序。习近平总书记在中央人大工作会议上指出，邓小平同志说：“资本主义社会讲的民主是资产阶级的民主，实际上是垄断资本的民主，无非是多党竞选、三权鼎立、两院制。我们的制度是人民代表大会制度，共产党领导下的人民民主制度，不能搞西方那一套。社会主义国家有个最大的优越性，就是干一件事情，一下决心，一做出决议，就立即执行，不受牵扯。”习近平总书记强调，发展社会主义民主政治关键是要把我国社会主义民主政治的特点和优势充分发挥出来，不断推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化，为党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安提供更加完善的制度保障。实践表明，人民代表大会制度优势发挥得越好，全过程人民民主就越有保障。

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress and the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implementing the deployment of the 20th National Congress of the CPC on “developing whole-process people’s democracy and ensuring the people are the masters of the country,” unswervingly following the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, and continuously developing whole-process people’s democracy with strong vitality, the entire people will surely be able to gather the mighty force to comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization!

今年是全国人民代表大会成立70周年、中国人民政治协商会议成立75周年。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引，贯彻落实党的二十大关于“发展全过程人民民主，保障人民当家作主”的部署，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，不断发展具有强大生命力的全过程人民民主，全体人民一定能凝聚起以中国式现代化全面推进民族复兴伟业的磅礴力量！

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗