Use China’s Lively Practice to Advance the Development of Marxism

The guidance of scientific theory is the action guide that drives social progress, and lively social practice is the precious source for enriching and innovating theory. The reason Marxism can change the world is that it has analyzed the fundamental contradictions of capitalist society and profoundly grasped the laws of human social development. Marxism is not immutable; social change and development constantly raise new demands for theoretical innovation, and a vibrant philosophy and social science is the essence of the spirit of the times. As we enter the new journey of building a modernized strong country, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that we must persist in using Marxism to observe the times, interpret the times, and lead the times, and use the lively and rich practice of contemporary China to promote the development of Marxism.

科学理论的引领是推动社会进步的行动指南，鲜活的社会实践是丰富和创新理论的宝贵源泉。马克思主义之所以能够改变世界，是由于它透析了资本主义社会的基本矛盾，深刻把握了人类社会发展规律。马克思主义不是一成不变的，社会变革与发展不断向理论创新提出新的要求，有生命力的哲学社会科学是时代精神的精华。迈入建设现代化强国新征程，习近平总书记强调，我们要坚持用马克思主义观察时代、解读时代、引领时代，用鲜活丰富的当代中国实践来推动马克思主义发展。

Marxism is a scientific theory that continuously develops

马克思主义是不断发展的科学理论

History chose Marxism because Marxism is a scientific and revolutionary theoretical system that continuously develops with the evolution of the times and practice, and it demonstrates powerful vitality in the process of guiding practice. Engels pointed out: “Our theory is a theory of development, not a dogma to be learned by rote and mechanically repeated.” The idea that “one can go to Marx’s works to find some unchanging, ready-made, and eternally applicable definitions” is the greatest “misunderstanding” of Marxism.

历史选择了马克思主义，是因为马克思主义是随着时代和实践发展而不断发展的、科学的、革命的理论体系，并在指导实践的过程中展示了强大的生命力。恩格斯指出：“我们的理论是发展的理论，而不是必须背得烂熟并机械地加以重复的教条”，那种“认为人们可以到马克思的著作中去找一些不变的、现成的、永远适用的定义”，是对马克思主义最大的“误解”。

Marxism is continuously enriched and developed in practice. The times are the mother of thought, and practice is the source of theory. Practice has no end, and theoretical innovation is always on the road. Rooted in practice and in the realization of human emancipation, Marxism creatively revealed the laws of human social development, put forward the labor theory of value, the theory of surplus value, the theory of class struggle, etc., and transformed utopian socialism into science. In the 1880s, as the international workers’ movement continuously developed, Engels always paid close attention to the workers’ movement and advocated that each country should conduct theoretical research based on its own economic and social conditions, continuously enriching and developing Marxism. After Engels’ death, Lenin led the Russian Revolution, forming in practice the theory of imperialism, the theory of proletarian revolution, etc., established the first socialist state, and developed Marxism through inheritance and defense. After Marxism was introduced to China, the Communist Party of China continuously promoted the Sinicization of Marxism, forming Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, achieving three leaps in the Sinicization of Marxism, and keeping Marxism full of vigor and vitality.

马克思主义在实践中不断丰富和发展。时代是思想之母，实践是理论之源。实践没有止境，理论创新永远在路上。马克思主义立足实践、立足于实现人类的解放，创造性地揭示了人类社会发展规律，提出了劳动价值论、剩余价值论、阶级斗争理论等，使空想社会主义转变为科学。19世纪80年代，国际工人运动不断发展，恩格斯时刻关注工人运动，主张各国要从本国的经济和社会条件出发，进行理论研究，不断丰富发展马克思主义。恩格斯逝世后，列宁领导俄国革命，在实践过程中形成了帝国主义理论、无产阶级革命理论等，建立第一个社会主义国家，在继承和捍卫中发展了马克思主义。马克思主义传入中国后，中国共产党不断推动马克思主义中国化，形成了毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论，实现了马克思主义中国化的三次飞跃，使马克思主义始终保持蓬勃生机和活力。

Keeping pace with the times is an important theoretical character that maintains the vigor and vitality of Marxism. Lenin pointed out: “We cannot lie beside Marx, but must stand beside Marx, stand before the economic facts of the world today, to learn, study, develop Marx, and finally surpass Marx.” It is precisely Marxism’s ability to keep pace with the times that determines that no matter how the times change or how science advances, Marxism still demonstrates the power of scientific thought and still occupies the commanding heights of truth and morality.

与时俱进是马克思主义保持生机和活力的重要理论品格。列宁指出：“我们不能躺在马克思身边，而要站在马克思身边，要站在当今世界经济事实的面前，来学习、研究、发展马克思，最后超越马克思。”正是马克思主义的与时俱进，决定了无论时代如何变迁、科学如何进步，马克思主义依然显示出科学思想的伟力，依然占据着真理和道义的制高点。

The fundamental guidance for constructing a philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics

构建中国特色哲学社会科学的根本指导

The adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times continuously opens up new realms, forming a theoretical system of thought that keeps pace with the times, providing “soul-vein” support for the development of philosophy and social science and strengthening confidence in the theory. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is an original theoretical system formed by combining Marxism with China’s concrete reality and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture; it is Marxism of contemporary China and Marxism of the twenty-first century. Constructing an independent Chinese philosophy and social science system fundamentally means adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the fundamental guideline. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era sets the direction and lays out the overall plan for constructing a philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner.

马克思主义中国化时代化不断开辟新境界，形成了与时俱进的思想理论体系，为哲学社会科学发展提供了“魂脉”支撑并坚定了理论自信。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是马克思主义与中国具体实际相结合，与中华优秀传统文化相结合形成的具有原创性的思想理论体系，是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义。建构中国自主的哲学社会科学体系，根本上就是要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为根本遵循。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为构建中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的哲学社会科学举旗定向、谋篇布局。

General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “Adhering to the guidance of Marxism is the fundamental sign that distinguishes contemporary Chinese philosophy and social science from other philosophy and social science.” Constructing the system of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social science must be based on the reality of China’s development and continuously promote the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Promoting the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times has already served as the background and keynote influencing the development direction of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “The reason Marxism-Leninism has had such a great effect after arriving in China is that China’s social conditions created this need, because it became connected with the practice of the Chinese people’s revolution, and because it was grasped by the Chinese people.” Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our Party’s governance of the country and the foundation for the formation and development of our country’s philosophy and social science. The Communist Party of China continuously promotes the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, providing methodological guidance and rich theoretical resources for the scientific construction of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, with its new ideological content system, enriches and develops Marxism, scientifically answers the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and provides a completely new perspective and all-round guidance for constructing philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics.

习近平总书记明确指出：“坚持以马克思主义为指导，是当代中国哲学社会科学区别于其他哲学社会科学的根本标志。”构建当代中国哲学社会科学体系要立足中国发展的实际，不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化。推进马克思主义中国化时代化已经作为底色和基调影响着中国特色哲学社会科学的发展方向。毛泽东同志指出：“马克思列宁主义来到中国之所以发生这样大的作用，是因为中国的社会条件有了这种需要，是因为同中国人民革命的实践发生了联系，是因为被中国人民所掌握了。”马克思主义是我们立党立国的根本指导思想，也是我国哲学社会科学形成和发展的根基。中国共产党不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化，为科学构建中国特色哲学社会科学提供了方法论指导和丰富的理论资源。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想以崭新的思想内容体系丰富发展了马克思主义，科学回答了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，为构建中国特色哲学社会科学提供了全新的视角和全方位的引领。

From the actual situation and development trend of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics, “the current capability and level of Chinese philosophy and social science in terms of academic propositions, academic thought, academic viewpoints, academic standards, and academic discourse are not yet commensurate with our country’s comprehensive national power and international status.” Constructing a philosophy and social science that matches our country’s comprehensive strength fundamentally means adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the fundamental guideline, using the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to analyze and solve the major theoretical and practical issues facing our country’s philosophy and social science, putting forward theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality for adhering to the Chinese path, promoting the Chinese spirit, and凝聚 Chinese strength, elevating Chinese experience into Chinese theory, and better promoting knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation in philosophy and social science, thereby constructing the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics.

从中国特色哲学社会科学的现实情况和发展趋势来看，中国特色哲学社会科学“目前在学术命题、学术思想、学术观点、学术标准、学术话语上的能力和水平同我国综合国力和国际地位还不太相称”。构建与我国综合实力相匹配的哲学社会科学，根本上就是要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为根本遵循，运用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论分析和解决我国哲学社会科学面临的重大理论和实践问题，为坚持中国道路、弘扬中国精神、凝聚中国力量提出具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，把中国经验上升为中国理论，更好地推动哲学社会科学知识创新、理论创新、方法创新，从而构建中国特色哲学社会科学的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系。

Promoting the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social science

推进中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “The theoretical innovation we

习近平总书记强调：“我们推进理论创新是实践基础上的理论创新，而不是坐在象牙塔内的空想，必须坚持在实践中发现真理、发展真理，用实践来实现真理、检验真理。”建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，要立足实践，以时代为观照，在实践中不断推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新。我国丰富的社会实践为推动马克思主义中国化时代化积累了丰富的理论资源，也是推进中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构的宝贵基石和信心之源。

Give full play to Marxism’s guiding role and promote the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences. That Marxism leads the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences is a confirmation of history, a requirement of the times, and possesses a profound internal logic. To construct an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences, it is necessary to take adherence to the guidance of Marxism as the worldview foundation and methodological principle for promoting the common development of all disciplines, integrate it into the concrete disciplinary construction of philosophy and social sciences, and provide research methods, value guidance, and criteria for verification for research in each discipline. Give full play to the role of Marxist theory as a foundation and methodology, use the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method to guide the construction of other disciplines, and, in the process of objectively and scientifically explaining China’s social problems and solving world problems, form a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system that take Marxist theory as their ideological premise and foundation — this is the basic trend in constructing an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences.

发挥马克思主义领航作用，推动中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构。马克思主义引领中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构，是历史的印证，是时代的要求，具有深刻的内在逻辑。建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，要把坚持马克思主义指导作为推动各学科共同发展的世界观基础和方法论遵循，并融入哲学社会科学具体学科建设中，为各学科的研究提供研究方法、价值指引和检验标准。充分发挥马克思主义理论基础性和方法论的作用，用马克思主义立场、观点、方法指导其他学科建设，在客观科学解释中国社会问题、破解世界难题中形成以马克思主义理论为思想前提和基础的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，这是建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的基本趋势。

Adhere to a problem-oriented approach, and summarize and systematize the developmental experience gained from China’s great practice. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a New Era, summarizing and refining Chinese experience and using Chinese theory to explain Chinese problems is the necessary path for advancing the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences. At present, socialism with Chinese characteristics has achieved tremendous successes and accumulated rich experience. There is an urgent need to give these achievements and experience a theoretical summation, to systematically generalize and systematize the developmental experience, to provide a scholarly description, academic expression, and disciplinary argumentation for policies and experience, and to promote the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences so that it develops continuously in a problem-oriented manner, keeps pace with the times, solves new problems, and guides new practice.

坚持问题导向，总结归纳中国伟大实践中的发展经验。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，总结提炼中国经验，用中国理论解释中国问题，是推动中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构的必由之路。当前，中国特色社会主义取得了巨大成就和丰富经验，亟须将这些成就经验加以理论总结，把发展经验进行系统性的归纳总结，对于政策、经验进行学理化描述、学术化表达、学科化论证，推动中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构在坚持问题导向中不断发展、与时俱进，破解新的问题、指导新的实践。

Take root in China’s soil, and advance the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences through the integration and innovation of the humanities and social sciences. Building a new humanities and social sciences [1]1 “New humanities and social sciences” (新文科) refers to a reform initiative in China’s higher education system that aims to restructure and innovate the traditional humanities and social science disciplines, integrating them with new technologies (such as artificial intelligence and big data) and cross-disciplinary approaches to better serve national development strategies. and constructing an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences are a response and adjustment to the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, and constitute a disciplinary construction carried out on the basis of linking and interacting theory with practice. In advancing the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences through the building of a new humanities and social sciences, we must take China’s actual conditions as the starting point for research, closely follow the new demands placed on economic and social development and the technological revolution by the construction of a modern socialist power, and on this basis break down disciplinary barriers, continuously enhancing the theoretical capacity and practical tension of China’s humanities and social sciences in serving society.

扎根中国大地，在文科整合与创新中推进中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系建构。建设新文科、建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，是为适配新科技革命和产业变革的反应和调整，致力于理论与实践的贯通和互动基础上进行的学科建设。在推动新文科建设中建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，要以我国实际为研究起点，紧扣现代化强国建设面临的对经济社会发展和科技革命提出的新要求，在此基础上打破学科壁垒，不断增强中国文科服务社会的理论实力与实践张力。

Base ourselves on China’s great practice, and construct a theoretical explanatory paradigm for an autonomous knowledge system for China’s philosophy and social sciences. In his important speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Only by taking China’s actual conditions as the starting point for research, putting forward theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, and constructing a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with its own characteristics, can China’s philosophy and social sciences form its own strengths and advantages.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work,” May 17, 2016. In the face of the situation in recent years where China’s theoretical construction has been weakened, marginalized, and hollowed out in certain fields, to change the situation where Chinese discourse is “aphasic” in some disciplines, “missing” in textbooks, and “voiceless” in forums, and to change the situation where China’s philosophy and social sciences have a relatively small voice internationally, have reason but cannot articulate it, and can articulate it but cannot spread it, we must base ourselves on China’s great practice, construct a new theoretical explanatory paradigm, put forward theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, create new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that are easy for the international community to understand and accept, respond to and answer the questions of the world and the questions of the times, and enhance the subjectivity, originality, localization, and competitiveness of China’s philosophy and social sciences.

立足中国伟大实践，建构中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的理论解释范式。习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的重要讲话中指出：“只有以我国实际为研究起点，提出具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，构建具有自身特质的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，我国哲学社会科学才能形成自己的特色和优势。”面对近年来我国理论建设在某些领域被削弱、边缘化、空泛化的状况，改变中国话语在一些学科中“失语”、教材中“失踪”、论坛上“失声”的局面，改变中国哲学社会科学在国际上声音比较小、有理说不出、说了传不开的境地，要立足中国伟大实践，构建新的理论解释范式，提出具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，打造易于被国际社会理解和接受的新概念、新范畴、新表述，回应和解答世界之问、时代之问，增强我国哲学社会科学的主体性、原创性、本土化和竞争力。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗